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(en)The present invention relates to benzazepine derivatives of the formula (I)
or a physiologically tolerated salt thereof.
The present invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising such benzazepine derivatives, and the use of such benzazepine derivatives for therapeutic purposes.
or a physiologically tolerated salt thereof.
The present invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising such benzazepine derivatives, and the use of such benzazepine derivatives for therapeutic purposes.
1.ApplicationNumber: US-201213468682-A
1.PublishNumber: US-2012316153-A1
2.Date Publish: 20121213
3.Inventor: AMBERG WILHELM
LANGE UDO
OCHSE MICHAEL
POHLKI FRAUKE
BEHL BERTHOLD
MEZLER MARIO
HORNBERGER WILLFRIED
HUTCHINS CHARLES W.
4.Inventor Harmonized: AMBERG WILHELM(DE)
LANGE UDO(DE)
OCHSE MICHAEL(DE)
POHLKI FRAUKE(DE)
BEHL BERTHOLD(DE)
MEZLER MARIO(DE)
HORNBERGER WILLFRIED(DE)
HUTCHINS CHARLES W(US)
5.Country: US
6.Claims:
(en)The present invention relates to benzazepine derivatives of the formula (I)
or a physiologically tolerated salt thereof.
The present invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising such benzazepine derivatives, and the use of such benzazepine derivatives for therapeutic purposes.
7.Description:
(en)CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/597,997, filed on Feb. 13, 2012, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/598,042, filed on Feb. 13, 2012, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/485,198, filed on May 12, 2011, the contents of all of which are herein fully incorporated by reference.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to benzazepine derivatives, pharmaceutical compositions comprising such benzazepine derivatives, and the use of such benzazepine derivatives for therapeutic purposes. The benzazepine derivatives are GlyT1 inhibitors.
Dysfunction of glutamatergic pathways has been implicated in a number of disease states in the human central nervous system (CNS) including but not limited to schizophrenia, cognitive deficits, dementia, Parkinson disease, Alzheimer disease and bipolar disorder. A large number of studies in animal models lend support to the NMDA hypofunction hypothesis of schizophrenia.
NMDA receptor function can be modulated by altering the availability of the co-agonist glycine. This approach has the critical advantage of maintaining activity-dependent activation of the NMDA receptor because an increase in the synaptic concentration of glycine will not produce an activation of NMDA receptors in the absence of glutamate. Since synaptic glutamate levels are tightly maintained by high affinity transport mechanisms, an increased activation of the glycine site will only enhance the NMDA component of activated synapses.
Two specific glycine transporters, GlyT1 and GlyT2 have been identified and shown to belong to the Na/Cl-dependent family of neurotransmitter transporters which includes taurine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), proline, monoamines and orphan transporters. GlyT1 and GlyT2 have been isolated from different species and shown to have only 50% identity at the amino acid level. They also have a different pattern of expression in mammalian central nervous system, with GlyT2 being expressed in spinal cord, brainstem and cerebellum and GlyT1 present in these regions as well as forebrain areas such as cortex, hippocampus, septum and thalamus. At the cellular level, GlyT2 has been reported to be expressed by glycinergic nerve endings in rat spinal cord whereas GlyT1 appears to be preferentially expressed by glial cells. These expression studies have led to the suggestion that GlyT2 is predominantly responsible for glycine uptake at glycinergic synapses whereas GlyT1 is involved in monitoring glycine concentration in the vicinity of NMDA receptor expressing synapses. Recent functional studies in rat have shown that blockade of GlyT1 with the potent inhibitor (N-[3-(4′-fluorophenyl)-3-(4′-phenylphenoxy)propyl])-sarcosine (NFPS) potentiates NMDA receptor activity and NMDA receptor-dependent long-term potentiation in rat.
Molecular cloning has further revealed the existence of three variants of GlyT1, termed GlyT-1a, GlyT-1b and GlyT-1c, each of which displays a unique distribution in the brain and peripheral tissues. The variants arise by differential splicing and exon usage, and differ in their N-terminal regions.
The physiological effects of GlyT1 in forebrain regions together with clinical reports showing the beneficial effects of GlyT1 inhibitor sarcosine in improving symptoms in schizophrenia patients suggest that selective GlyT1 inhibitors represent a new class of antipsychotic drugs.
Glycine transporter inhibitors are already known in the art, for example:
(see also Hashimoto K., Recent Patents on CNS Drug Discovery, 2006, 1, 43-53; Harsing L. G. et al., Current Medicinal Chemistry, 2006, 13, 1017-1044; Javitt D. C., Molecular Psychiatry (2004) 9, 984-997; Lindsley, C. W. et al., Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry, 2006, 6, 771-785; Lindsley C. W. et al., Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry, 2006, 6, 1883-1896).
It was one object of the present invention to provide further glycine transporter inhibitors.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to benzazepine derivatives of the formula (I)
wherein
R is R 1 —W-A 1 -Q-Y-A 2 -X 1 — or —CN; R 1 is hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, halogenated alkyl, trialkylsilylalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, alkylcarbonylaminoalkyl, alkyloxycarbonylaminoalkyl, alkylaminocarbonylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminocarbonylaminoalkyl, alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl, (optionally substituted arylalkyl)aminoalkyl, optionally substituted arylalkyl, optionally substituted heterocyclylalkyl, cycloalkyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, halogenated alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, alkylaminocarbonyl, (halogenated alkyl)aminocarbonyl, arylaminocarbonyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, optionally substituted aryl, hydroxy, alkoxy, halogenated alkoxy, hydroxyalkoxy, alkoxyalkoxy, aminoalkoxy, alkylaminoalkoxy, dialkylam inoalkoxy, alkylcarbonylaminoalkoxy, arylcarbonylaminoalkoxy, alkoxycarbonylam inoalkoxy, arylalkoxy, alkylsulfonylaminoalkoxy, (halogenated alkyl)sulfonylaminoalkoxy, arylsulfonylaminoalkoxy, (arylalkyl)sulfonylaminoalkoxy, heterocyclylsulfonylaminoalkoxy, heterocyclylalkoxy, aryloxy, heterocyclyloxy, alkylthio, halogenated alkylthio, alkylamino, (halogenated alkyl)amino, dialkylamino, di-(halogenated alkyl)amino, alkylcarbonylamino, (halogenated alkyl)carbonylamino, arylcarbonylamino, alkylsulfonylamino, (halogenated alkyl)sulfonylamino, arylsulfonylamino or optionally substituted heterocyclyl; W is —NR 8 — or a bond; A 1 is optionally substituted alkylene or a bond; Q is —S(O) 2 — or —C(O)—; Y is —NR 8 — or a bond; A 2 is optionally substituted alkylene, alkylene-CO—, —CO-alkylene, alkylene-O-alkylene, alkylene-NR 10 -alkylene, optionally substituted alkenylene, optionally substituted alkynylene, optionally substituted arylene, optionally substituted heteroarylene or a bond; X 1 is —O—, —NR 11 —, —S—, optionally substituted alkylene, optionally substituted alkenylen, optionally substituted alkynylene; R 2 is hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, halogenated alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, —CN, alkenyl, alkynyl, optionally substituted aryl, hydroxy, alkoxy, halogenated alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkenyloxy, arylalkoxy, alkylcarbonyloxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, aminosulfonyl, amino, alkylamino, alkenylamino, nitro or optionally substituted heterocyclyl, or two radicals R 2 together with the ring atoms of A to which they are bound form a 5- or 6-membered ring; A 3 is —CH 2 —, —O—, —NR 16 —, or —S—; R 3 is hydrogen, halogen, alkyl or alkoxy, or two radicals R 3 together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a carbonyl group; R 4 is hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, halogenated alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, CH 2 CN, arylalkyl, cycloalkyl, —CHO, alkylcarbonyl, (halogenated alkyl)carbonyl, arylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, alkylaminocarbonyl, alkenyl, —C(═NH)NH 2 , —C(═NH)NHCN, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, amino, —NO or heterocyclyl; X 2 is —O—, —NR 6 —, —S—, >CR 12a R 12b or a bond; X 3 is —O—, —NR 7 —, —S—, >CR 13a R 13b or a bond; R 5 is optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl or optionally substituted heterocyclyl; R 6 is hydrogen or alkyl; R 7 is hydrogen or alkyl; R 8 is hydrogen or alkyl; R 9 is hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aminoalkyl, optionally substituted arylalkyl or heterocyclyl; or R 9 , R 1 together are alkylene; or R 9 is alkylene that is bound to a carbon atom in A 2 and A 2 is alkylene or to a carbon atom in X 1 and X 1 is alkylene; R 10 is hydrogen, alkyl or alkylsulfonyl; R 11 is hydrogen or alkyl, or R 9 , R 11 together are alkylene, R 12a is hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, heterocyclylalkyl, optionally substituted aryl or hydroxy; R 12b is hydrogen or alkyl, or R 12a , R 12b
together are carbonyl or optionally substituted alkylene, wherein one —CH 2 — of alkylene may be replaced by an oxygen atom or —NR 14 —;
R 13a is hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, heterocyclylalkyl, optionally substituted aryl or hydroxy; R 13b is hydrogen or alkyl, or R 13a , R 13b
together are carbonyl or optionally substituted alkylene, wherein one —CH 2 — of alkylene may be replaced by an oxygen atom or —NR 15 —;
R 14 is hydrogen or alkyl; R 15 is hydrogen or alkyl; and R 16 is hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, halogenated alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, CH 2 CN, arylalkyl, cycloalkyl, —CHO, alkylcarbonyl, (halogenated alkyl)carbonyl, arylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, alkylaminocarbonyl, alkenyl, —C(═NH)NH 2 , —C(═NH)NHCN, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, amino, —NO or heterocyclyl,
or a physiologically tolerated salt thereof.
Thus, the present invention relates to benzazepine derivatives having the formula (Ia)
wherein R 1 , W, A 1 , Q, Y, A 2 , X 1 , R 2 , A 3 , R 3 , R 4 , X 2 , X 3 , R 5 are as defined herein.
Further, the present invention relates to benzazepine derivatives of formula (I) wherein R is —CN, i.e. benzazepine derivatives having the formula (Ib)
wherein R 2 , A 3 , R 3 , R 4 , X 2 , X 3 , R 5 are as defined herein.
Thus, the term benzazepine derivative is used herein to denote in particular benzazepines and benzazepine derivatives wherein the fused heterocyclic ring contains a further heteroatom.
Said compounds of formula (I), i.e., the benzazepine derivatives of formula (I) and their physiologically tolerated salts, are glycine transporter inhibitors and thus useful as pharmaceuticals. The compounds of formula (I) display good to moderate metabolic stability.
The present invention thus further relates to the compounds of formula (I) for use in therapy.
The present invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions which comprise a carrier and a compound of formula (I).
In particular, said compounds, i.e., the benzazepine derivatives and their physiologically tolerated salts, are inhibitors of the glycine transporter GlyT1.
The present invention thus further relates to the compounds of formula (I) for use in inhibiting the glycine transporter.
The present invention also relates to the use of the compounds of formula (I) in the manufacture of a medicament for inhibiting the glycine transporter GlyT1 and corresponding methods of inhibiting the glycine transporter GlyT1.
Glycine transport inhibitors and in particular inhibitors of the glycine transporter GlyT1 are known to be useful in treating a variety of neurologic and psychiatric disorders.
The present invention thus further relates to the compounds of formula (I) for use in treating a neurologic or psychiatric disorder.
The present invention further relates to the compounds of formula (I) for use in treating pain.
The present invention also relates to the use of the compounds of formula (I) in the manufacture of a medicament for treating a neurologic or psychiatric disorder and corresponding methods of treating said disorders. The present invention also relates to the use of the compounds of formula (I) in the manufacture of a medicament for treating pain and corresponding methods of treating pain.
The present invention further relates to benzazepines derivatives of formula (II):
wherein L is an amino-protecting group, Y is NR 9 , and A 2 , X 1 , R 2 , A 3 , R 3 , R 4 , X 2 , X 3 , R 5 are defined as herein.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Provided that the benzazepine derivatives of the formula (I) of a given constitution may exist in different spatial arrangements, for example if they possess one or more centers of asymmetry, polysubstituted rings or double bonds, or as different tautomers, it is also possible to use enantiomeric mixtures, in particular racemates, diastereomeric mixtures and tautomeric mixtures, preferably, however, the respective essentially pure enantiomers, diastereomers and tautomers of the compounds of formula (I) and/or of their salts.
According to one embodiment, an enantiomer of the benzazepine derivatives of the present invention has the following formula:
wherein R, R 2 , A 3 , R 3 , R 4 , X 2 , X 3 , R 5 are as defined herein.
According to another embodiment, an enantiomer of the benzazepine derivatives of the present invention has the following formula:
wherein R, R 2 , A 3 , R 3 , R 4 , X 2 , X 3 , R 5 are as defined herein.
The physiologically tolerated salts of the benzazepine derivatives of the formula (I) are especially acid addition salts with physiologically tolerated acids. Examples of suitable physiologically tolerated organic and inorganic acids are hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, C 1 -C 4 -alkylsulfonic acids, such as methanesulfonic acid, cycloaliphatic sulfonic acids, such as S-(+)-10-camphor sulfonic acid, aromatic sulfonic acids, such as benzenesulfonic acid and toluenesulfonic acid, di- and tricarboxylic acids and hydroxycarboxylic acids having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, such as oxalic acid, malonic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, lactic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, glycolic acid, adipic acid and benzoic acid. Other utilizable acids are described, e.g., in Fortschritte der Arzneimittelforschung [Advances in drug research], Volume 10, pages 224 ff., Birkhauser Verlag, Basel and Stuttgart, 1966. The physiologically tolerated salts of the benzazepine derivatives also include salts of a physiologically tolerated anion with an benzazepine derivatives wherein one or more than one nitrogen atom is quaternized, e.g. with an alkyl residue (e.g. methyl or ethyl).
The present invention moreover relates to compounds of formula (I) as defined herein, wherein at least one of the atoms has been replaced by its stable, non-radioactive isotope (e.g., hydrogen by deuterium, 12 C by 13 C, 14 N by 15 N , 16 O by 18 O) and preferably wherein at least one hydrogen atom has been replaced by a deuterium atom.
Of course, such compounds contain more of the respective isotope than this naturally occurs and thus is anyway present in the compounds (I).
Stable isotopes (e.g., deuterium, 13 C, 15 N, 18 O) are nonradioactive isotopes which contain one or more additional neutron than the normally abundant isotope of the respective atom. Deuterated compounds have been used in pharmaceutical research to investigate the in vivo metabolic fate of the compounds by evaluation of the mechanism of action and metabolic pathway of the non-deuterated parent compound (Blake et al. J. Pharm. Sci. 64, 3, 367-391 (1975)). Such metabolic studies are important in the design of safe, effective therapeutic drugs, either because the in vivo active compound administered to the patient or because the metabolites produced from the parent compound prove to be toxic or carcinogenic (Foster et al., Advances in Drug Research Vol. 14, pp. 2-36, Academic press, London, 1985; Kato et al., J. Labelled Comp. Radiopharmaceut., 36(10):927-932 (1995); Kushner et al., Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol., 77, 79-88 (1999).
Incorporation of a heavy atom particularly substitution of deuterium for hydrogen, can give rise to an isotope effect that could alter the pharmacokinetics of the drug. This effect is usually insignificant if the label is placed at a metabolically inert position of the molecule.
Stable isotope labeling of a drug can alter its physico-chemical properties such as pKa and lipid solubility. These changes may influence the fate of the drug at different steps along its passage through the body. Absorption, distribution, metabolism or excretion can be changed. Absorption and distribution are processes that depend primarily on the molecular size and the lipophilicity of the substance. These effects and alterations can affect the pharmacodynamic response of the drug molecule if the isotopic substitution affects a region involved in a ligand-receptor interaction.
Drug metabolism can give rise to large isotopic effect if the breaking of a chemical bond to a deuterium atom is the rate limiting step in the process. While some of the physical properties of a stable isotope-labeled molecule are different from those of the unlabeled one, the chemical and biological properties are the same, with one important exception: because of the increased mass of the heavy isotope, any bond involving the heavy isotope and another atom will be stronger than the same bond between the light isotope and that atom. In any reaction in which the breaking of this bond is the rate limiting step, the reaction will proceed slower for the molecule with the heavy isotope due to “kinetic isotope effect”. A reaction involving breaking a C-D bond can be up to 700 percent slower than a similar reaction involving breaking a C—H bond. If the C-D bond is not involved in any of the steps leading to the metabolite, there may not be any effect to alter the behavior of the drug. If a deuterium is placed at a site involved in the metabolism of a drug, an isotope effect will be observed only if breaking of the C-D bond is the rate limiting step. There is evidence to suggest that whenever cleavage of an aliphatic C—H bond occurs, usually by oxidation catalyzed by a mixed-function oxidase, replacement of the hydrogen by deuterium will lead to observable isotope effect. It is also important to understand that the incorporation of deuterium at the site of metabolism slows its rate to the point where another metabolite produced by attack at a carbon atom not substituted by deuterium becomes the major pathway a process called “metabolic switching”.
Deuterium tracers, such as deuterium-labeled drugs and doses, in some cases repeatedly, of thousands of milligrams of deuterated water, are also used in healthy humans of all ages, including neonates and pregnant women, without reported incident (e.g. Pons G and Rey E, Pediatrics 1999 104: 633; Coward W A et al., Lancet 1979 7: 13; Schwarcz H P, Control. Clin. Trials 1984 5(4 Suppl): 573; Rodewald L E et al., J. Pediatr. 1989 114: 885; Butte N F et al. Br. J. Nutr. 1991 65: 3; MacLennan A H et al. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 1981 139: 948). Thus, it is clear that any deuterium released, for instance, during the metabolism of compounds of this invention poses no health risk.
The weight percentage of hydrogen in a mammal (approximately 9%) and natural abundance of deuterium (approximately 0.015%) indicates that a 70 kg human normally contains nearly a gram of deuterium. Furthermore, replacement of up to about 15% of normal hydrogen with deuterium has been effected and maintained for a period of days to weeks in mammals, including rodents and dogs, with minimal observed adverse effects (Czajka D M and Finkel A J, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1960 84: 770; Thomson J F, Ann. New York Acad. Sci. 1960 84: 736; Czakja D M et al., Am. J. Physiol. 1961 201: 357). Higher deuterium concentrations, usually in excess of 20%, can be toxic in animals. However, acute replacement of as high as 15%-23% of the hydrogen in humans' fluids with deuterium was found not to cause toxicity (Blagojevic N et al. in “Dosimetry & Treatment Planning for Neutron Capture Therapy”, Zamenhof R, Solares G and Harling 0 Eds. 1994. Advanced Medical Publishing, Madison Wis. pp. 125-134; Diabetes Metab. 23: 251 (1997)).
Increasing the amount of deuterium present in a compound above its natural abundance is called enrichment or deuterium-enrichment. Examples of the amount of enrichment include from about 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 16, 21, 25, 29, 33, 37, 42, 46, 50, 54, 58, 63, 67, 71, 75, 79, 84, 88, 92, 96, to about 100 mol %.
The hydrogens present on a particular organic compound have different capacities for exchange with deuterium. Certain hydrogen atoms are easily exchangeable under physiological conditions and, if replaced by deuterium atoms, it is expected that they will readily exchange for protons after administration to a patient. Certain hydrogen atoms may be exchanged for deuterium atoms by the action of a deuteric acid such as D 2 SO 4 /D 2 O. Alternatively, deuterium atoms may be incorporated in various combinations during the synthesis of compounds of the invention. Certain hydrogen atoms are not easily exchangeable for deuterium atoms. However, deuterium atoms at the remaining positions may be incorporated by the use of deuterated starting materials or intermediates during the construction of compounds of the invention.
Deuterated and deuterium-enriched compounds of the invention can be prepared by using known methods described in the literature. Such methods can be carried out utilizing corresponding deuterated and optionally, other isotope-containing reagents and/or intermediates to synthesize the compounds delineated herein, or invoking standard synthetic protocols known in the art for introducing isotopic atoms to a chemical structure. Relevant procedures and intermediates are disclosed, for instance in Lizondo, J et al., Drugs Fut, 21(11), 1116 (1996); Brickner, S J et al., J Med Chem, 39(3), 673 (1996); Mallesham, B et al., Org Lett, 5(7), 963 (2003); PCT publications WO1997010223, WO2005099353, WO1995007271, WO2006008754; U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,538,189; 7,534,814; 7,531,685; 7,528,131; 7,521,421; 7,514,068; 7,511,013; and US Patent Application Publication Nos. 20090137457; 20090131485; 20090131363; 20090118238; 20090111840; 20090105338; 20090105307; 20090105147; 20090093422; 20090088416; 20090082471, the methods are hereby incorporated by reference.
The organic moieties mentioned in the above definitions of the variables are—like the term halogen—collective terms for individual listings of the individual group members. The prefix C n -C m indicates in each case the possible number of carbon atoms in the group.
Unless indicated otherwise, the term “substituted” means that a radical is substituted with 1, 2 or 3, especially 1, substituent which are in particular selected from the group consisting of halogen, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, hydroxy-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyl-alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxyC 1 -C 4 -alkyl, amino-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkenyl, OH, SH, CN, CF 3 , O—CF 3 , COON, O—CH 2 —COON, C 1 -C 6 -alkoxy, C 1 -C 6 -alkylthio, C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl, COO—C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, CONH 2 , CONN—C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, SO 2 NH—C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, CON—(C 1 -C 6 -alkyl) 2 , SO 2 N—(C 1 -C 6 -alkyl) 2 , NH 2 , NH—C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, N—(C 1 -C 6 -alkyl) 2 , NH—(C 1 -C 4 -alkyl-C 6 -C 12 -aryl), NH—CO—C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, NH—SO 2 —C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, SP 2 —C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 6 -C 12 -aryl, O—C 6 -C 12 -aryl, O—CH 2 —C 6 -C 12 -aryl, CONH—C 6 -C 12 -aryl, SO 2 NH—C 6 -C 12 -aryl, CONH—C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyl, SO 2 NH—C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyl, SO 2 —C 6 -C 12 aryl, NH—SO 2 —C 6 -C 12 -aryl, NH—CO—C 6 -C 12 -aryl, NH—SO 2 —C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyl, NH—CO—C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyl and C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyl, wherein aryl and heterocyclyl in turn may be unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -haloalkyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy and C 1 -C 4 -haloalkoxy.
The term halogen denotes in each case fluorine, bromine, chlorine or iodine, in particular fluorine or chlorine.
C 1 -C 4 -Alkyl is a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Examples of an alkyl group are methyl, C 2 -C 4 -alkyl such as ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, 2-butyl, iso-butyl or tert-butyl. C 1 -C 2 -Alkyl is methyl or ethyl, C 1 -C 3 -alkyl is additionally n-propyl or isopropyl.
C 1 -C 6 -Alkyl is a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Examples include methyl, C 2 -C 4 -alkyl as mentioned herein and also pentyl, 1-methylbutyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, 1-ethylpropyl, hexyl, 1,1-dimethylpropyl, 1,2-dimethylpropyl, 1-methylpentyl, 2-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 4-methylpentyl, 1,1-dimethylbutyl, 1,2-dimethylbutyl, 1,3-dimethylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylbutyl, 2,3-dimethylbutyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl, 1-ethylbutyl, 2-ethylbutyl, 1,1,2-trimethylpropyl, 1,2,2-trimethylpropyl, 1-ethyl-1-methylpropyl and 1-ethyl-2-methylpropyl.
Halogenated C 1 -C 4 -alkyl is a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 or 2 carbon atoms, wherein at least one, e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or all of the hydrogen atoms are replaced by 1, 2, 3, 4 or a corresponding number of identical or different halogen atoms, such as in halogenomethyl, dihalogenomethyl, trihalogenomethyl, (R)-1-halogenoethyl, (S)-1-halogenoethyl, 2-halogenoethyl, 1,1-dihalogenoethyl, 2,2-dihalogenoethyl, 2,2,2-trihalogenoethyl, (R)-1-halogenopropyl, (S)-1-halogenopropyl, 2-halogenopropyl, 3-halogenopropyl, 1,1-dihalogenopropyl, 2,2-dihalogenopropyl, 3,3-dihalogenopropyl, 3,3,3-trihalogenopropyl, (R)-2-halogeno-1-methylethyl, (S)-2-halogeno-1-methylethyl, (R)-2,2-dihalogeno-1-methylethyl, (S)-2,2-dihalogeno-1-methylethyl, (R)-1,2-dihalogeno-1-methylethyl, (S)-1,2-dihalogeno-1-methylethyl, (R)-2,2,2-trihalogeno-1-methylethyl, (S)-2,2,2-trihalogeno-1-methylethyl, 2-halogeno-1-(halogenomethyl)ethyl, 1-(dihalogenomethyl)-2,2-dihalogenoethyl, (R)-1-halogenobutyl, (S)-1-halogenobutyl, 2-halogenobutyl, 3-halogenobutyl, 4-halogenobutyl, 1,1-dihalogenobutyl, 2,2-dihalogenobutyl, 3,3-dihalogenobutyl, 4,4-dihalogenobutyl, 4,4,4-trihalogenobutyl, etc. Particular examples include the fluorinated C 1 -C 4 alkyl groups as defined, such as trifluoromethyl. C 6 -C 12 -Aryl-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl is a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 or 2 carbon atoms, in particular 1 or two carbon atoms, wherein one hydrogen atom is replaced by C 6 -C 12 -aryl, such as in benzyl.
Hydroxy-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl is a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 or 2 carbon atoms, wherein one or two hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or two hydroxyl groups, such as in hydroxymethyl, (R)-1-hydroxyethyl, (S)-1-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, (R)-1-hydroxypropyl, (S)-1-hydroxypropyl, 2-hydroxypropyl, 3-hydroxypropyl, (R)-2-hydroxy-1-methylethyl, (S)-2-hydroxy-1-methylethyl, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl, (R)-1-hydroxybutyl, (S)-1-hydroxybutyl, 2-hydroxybutyl, 3-hydroxybutyl, 4-hydroxybutyl.
C 1 -C 6 -Alkoxy-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl is a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 or 2 carbon atoms, wherein one or two hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or two alkoxy groups having 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 4, in particular 1 or 2 carbon atoms, such as in methoxymethyl, (R)-1-methoxyethyl, (S)-1-methoxyethyl, 2-methoxyethyl, (R)-1-methoxypropyl, (S)-1-methoxypropyl, 2-methoxypropyl, 3-methoxypropyl, (R)-2-methoxy-1-methylethyl, (S)-2-methoxy-1-methylethyl, 2-methoxy-1-(methoxymethyl)ethyl, (R)-1-methoxybutyl, (S)-1-methoxybutyl, 2-methoxybutyl, 3-methoxybutyl, 4-methoxybutyl, ethoxymethyl, (R)-1-ethoxyethyl, (S)-1-ethoxyethyl, 2-ethoxyethyl, (R)-1-ethoxypropyl, (S)-1-ethoxypropyl, 2-ethoxypropyl, 3-ethoxypropyl, (R)-2-ethoxy-1-methylethyl, (S)-2-ethoxy-1-methylethyl, 2-ethoxy-1-(ethoxymethyl)ethyl, (R)-1-ethoxybutyl, (S)-1-ethoxybutyl, 2-ethoxybutyl, 3-ethoxybutyl, 4-ethoxybutyl.
Amino-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl is a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 or 2 carbon atoms, in particular 1 or two carbon atoms, wherein one hydrogen atom is replaced by an amino group, such as in aminomethyl, 2-aminoethyl.
C 1 -C 6 -Alkylamino-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl is a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 or 2 carbon atoms, in particular 1 or two carbon atoms, wherein one hydrogen atom is replaced by a C 1 -C 6 -alkylamino group, in particular by a C 1 -C 4 -alkylamino group, such as in methylaminomethyl, ethylaminomethyl, n-propylaminomethyl, iso-propylaminomethyl, nbutylaminomethyl, 2-butylaminomethyl, iso-butylaminomethyl or tert-butylaminomethyl.
Di-C 1 -C 6 -Alkylamino-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl is a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 or 2 carbon atoms, in particular 1 or two carbon atoms, wherein one hydrogen atom is replaced by a di-C 1 -C 6 -Alkylamino group, in particular by a di-C 1 -C 4 -alkylamino group, such as in dimethylaminomethyl.
C 1 -C 6 -Alkylcarbonylamino-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl is a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 or 2 carbon atoms, in particular 1 or two carbon atoms, wherein one hydrogen atom is replaced by a C 1 -C 6 -alkylcarbonylamino group, in particular by a C 1 -C 4 -alkylcarbonylamino group, such as in methylcarbonylaminomethyl, ethylcarbonylaminomethyl, n-propylcarbonylaminomethyl, iso-propylcarbonylaminomethyl, n-butylcarbonylaminomethyl, 2-butylcarbonylaminomethyl, iso-butylcarbonylaminomethyl or tertbutylcarbonylaminomethyl.
C 1 -C 6 -Alkylaminocarbonylamino-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl is a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 or 2 carbon atoms, in particular 1 or two carbon atoms, wherein one hydrogen atom is replaced by a C 1 -C 6 -alkylaminocarbonylamino group, in particular by a C 1 -C 4 -alkylaminocarbonylamino group, such as in methylaminocarbonylaminomethyl, ethylaminocarbonylaminomethyl, npropylaminocarbonylaminomethyl, iso-propylaminocarbonylaminomethyl, nbutylaminocarbonylaminomethyl, 2-butylaminocarbonylaminomethyl, isobutylaminocarbonylaminomethyl or tert-butylaminocarbonylaminomethyl.
Di-C 1 -C 6 -alkylaminocarbonylamino-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl is a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 or 2 carbon atoms, in particular 1 or two carbon atoms, wherein one hydrogen atom is replaced by a di-C 1 -C 6 -alkylaminocarbonylamino group, in particular by a di-C 1 -C 4 -alkylaminocarbonylamino group, such as in dimethylaminocarbonylaminomethyl, dimethylaminocarbonylaminoethyl, dimethylaminocarbonylaminon-propyl.
C 1 -C 6 -Alkylsulfonylamino-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl is a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 or 2 carbon atoms, in particular 1 or two carbon atoms, wherein one hydrogen atom is replaced by a C 1 -C 6 -alkylsulfonylamino group, in particular by a C 1 -C 4 -alkylsulfonylamino group, such as in methylsulfonylaminomethyl, ethylsulfonylaminomethyl, n-propylsulfonylaminomethyl, isopropylsulfonylaminomethyl, n-butylsulfonylaminomethyl, 2-butylsulfonylaminomethyl, isobutylsulfonylaminomethyl or tert-butylsulfonylaminomethyl.
(C 6 -C 12 -Aryl-C 1 -C 6 -alkyl)amino-C 1 -C 4 alkyl is a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 or 2 carbon atoms, in particular 1 or two carbon atoms, wherein one hydrogen atom is replaced by a (C 6 -C 12 -aryl-C 1 -C 6 -alkyl)amino group, in particular a (C 6 -C 12 -aryl-C 1 -C 2 -alkyl)amino group, such as in benzylaminomethyl.
C 3 -C 12 -Heterocyclyl-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl is a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 or 2 carbon atoms, in particular 1 or two carbon atoms, wherein one hydrogen atom is replaced by C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyl, such as in N-pyrrolidinylmethyl, N-piperidinylmethyl, N-morpholinylmethyl.
C 3 -C 12 -Cycloalkyl is a cycloaliphatic radical having from 3 to 12 carbon atoms. In particular, 3 to 6 carbon atoms form the cyclic structure, such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl. The cyclic structure may be unsubstituted or may carry 1, 2, 3 or 4 C 1 -C 4 alkyl radicals, preferably one or more methyl radicals.
Carbonyl is >C═O.
C 1 -C 6 -Alkylcarbonyl is a radical of the formula R—C(O)—, wherein R is an alkyl radical having from 1 to 6, preferably from 1 to 4, in particular 1 or 2 carbon atoms as defined herein. Examples include acetyl, propionyl, n-butyryl, 2-methylpropionyl, pivaloyl.
Halogenated C 1 -C 6 -alkylcarbonyl is C 1 -C 6 -alkylcarbonyl as defined herein, wherein at least one, e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or all of the hydrogen atoms are replaced by 1, 2, 3, 4 or a corresponding number of identical or different halogen atoms. Examples include fluoromethylcarbonyl, difluoromethylcarbonyl, trifluoromethylcarbonyl. Further examples are 1,1,1-trifluoroeth-2-ylcarbonyl, 1,1,1-trifluoroprop-3-ylcarbonyl.
C 6 -C 12 -Arylcarbonyl is a radical of the formula R—C(O)—, wherein R is an aryl radical having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms as defined herein. Examples include benzoyl.
C 1 -C 6 -Alkoxycarbonyl is a radical of the formula R—O—C(O)—, wherein R is an alkyl radical having from 1 to 6, preferably from 1 to 4, in particular 1 or 2 carbon atoms as defined herein. Examples include methoxycarbonyl and tert-butyloxycarbonyl.
Halogenated C 1 -C 6 -alkoxycarbonyl is a C 1 -C 6 -alkoxycarbonyl as defined herein, wherein at least one, e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or all of the hydrogen atoms are replaced by 1, 2, 3, 4 or a corresponding number of identical or different halogen atoms.
C 6 -C 12 -Aryloxycarbonyl is a radical of the formula R—O—C(O)—, wherein R is an aryl radical having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms as defined herein. Examples include phenoxycarbonyl.
Cyano is —C≡N.
Aminocarbonyl is NH 2 C(O)—.
C 1 -C 6 -Alkylaminocarbonyl is a radical of the formula R—NH—C(O)—, wherein R is an alkyl radical having from 1 to 6, preferably from 1 to 4, in particular 1 or 2 carbon atoms as defined herein. Examples include methylaminocarbonyl.
(Halogenated C 1 -C 4 -alkyl)aminocarbonyl is a C 1 -C 4 -alkylaminocarbonyl as defined herein, wherein at least one, e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or all of the hydrogen atoms are replaced by 1, 2, 3, 4 or a corresponding number of identical or different hydrogen atoms.
C 6 -C 12 -Arylaminocarbonyl is a radical of the formula R—NH—C(O)—, wherein R is an aryl radical having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms as defined herein. Examples include phenylaminocarbonyl.
C 2 -C 6 -Alkenyl is a singly unsaturated hydrocarbon radical having 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 carbon atoms, e.g. vinyl, allyl (2-propen-1-yl), 1-propen-1-yl, 2-propen-2-yl, methallyl(2-methylprop-2-en-1-yl) and the like. C 3 -C 5 -Alkenyl is, in particular, allyl, 1-methylprop-2-en-1-yl, 2-buten-1-yl, 3-buten-1-yl, methallyl, 2-penten-1-yl, 3-penten-1-yl, 4-penten-1-yl, 1-methylbut-2-en-1-yl or 2-ethylprop-2-en-1-yl.
C 2 -C 6 -Alkynyl is a singly unsaturated hydrocarbon radical having 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 carbon atoms, e.g. ethynyl, 2-propyn-1-yl, 1-propyn-1-yl, 2-propyn-2-yl and the like. C 3 -C 5 -Alkynyl is, in particular, 2-propyn-1-yl, 2-butyn-1-yl, 3-butyn-1-yl, 2-pentyn-1-yl, 3-pentyn-1-yl, 4-pentyn-1-yl.
C 1 -C 4 -Alkylene is straight-chain or branched alkylene group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Examples include methylene and ethylene. A further example is propylene. C 2 -C 4 -Alkenylene is straight-chain or branched alkenylene group having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms.
C 2 -C 4 -Alkynylene is straight-chain or branched alkynylene group having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms. Examples include propynylene.
C 6 -C 12 -Aryl is a 6- to 12-membered, in particular 6- to 10-membered, aromatic cyclic radical. Examples include phenyl and naphthyl.
C 3 -C 12 -Arylene is an aryl diradical. Examples include phen-1,4-ylene and phen-1,3-ylene.
Hydroxy is —OH.
C 1 -C 6 -Alkoxy is a radical of the formula R—O—, wherein R is a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having from 1 to 6, in particular 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Examples include methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, 2-butoxy, iso-butoxy (2-methylpropoxy), tert.-butoxy pentyloxy, 1-methylbutoxy, 2-methylbutoxy, 3-methylbutoxy, 2,2-dimethylpropoxy, 1-ethylpropoxy, hexyloxy, 1,1-dimethylpropoxy, 1,2-dimethylpropoxy, 1-methylpentyloxy, 2-methylpentyloxy, 3-methylpentyloxy, 4-methylpentyloxy, 1,1-dimethylbutyloxy, 1,2-dimethylbutyloxy, 1,3-dimethylbutyloxy, 2,2-dimethylbutyloxy, 2,3-dimethylbutyloxy, 3,3-dimethylbutyloxy, 1-ethylbutyloxy, 2-ethylbutyloxy, 1,1,2-trimethylpropoxy, 1,2,2-trimethylpropoxy, 1-ethyl-1-methylpropoxy and 1-ethyl-2-methylpropoxy.
Halogenated C 1 -C 6 -alkoxy is a straight-chain or branched alkoxy group having from 1 to 6, preferably from 1 to 4, in particular 1 or 2 carbon atoms, wherein at least one, e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or all of the hydrogen atoms are replaced by 1, 2, 3, 4 or a corresponding number of identical or different halogen atoms, such as in halogenomethoxy, dihalogenomethoxy, trihalogenomethoxy, (R)-1-halogenoethoxy, (S)-1-halogenoethoxy, 2-halogenoethoxy, 1,1-dihalogenoethoxy, 2,2-dihalogenoethoxy, 2,2,2-trihalogenoethoxy, (R)-1-halogenopropoxy, (S)-1-halogenopropoxy, 2-halogenopropoxy, 3-halogenopropoxy, 1,1-dihalogenopropoxy, 2,2-dihalogenopropoxy, 3,3-dihalogenopropoxy, 3,3,3-trihalogenopropoxy, (R)-2-halogeno-1-methylethoxy, (S)-2-halogeno-1-methylethoxy, (R)-2,2-dihalogeno-1-methylethoxy, (S)-2,2-dihalogeno-1-methylethoxy, (R)-1,2-dihalogeno-1-methylethoxy, (S)-1,2-dihalogeno-1-methylethoxy, (R)-2,2,2-trihalogeno-1-methylethoxy, (S)-2,2,2-trihalogeno-1-methylethoxy, 2-halogeno-1-(halogenomethyl)ethoxy, 1-(dihalogenomethyl)-2,2-dihalogenoethoxy, (R)-1-halogenobutoxy, (S)-1-halogenobutoxy, 2-halogenobutoxy, 3-halogenobutoxy, 4-halogenobutoxy, 1,1-dihalogenobutoxy, 2,2-dihalogenobutoxy, 3,3-dihalogenobutoxy, 4,4-dihalogenobutoxy, 4,4,4-trihalogenobutoxy, etc. Particular examples include the fluorinated C 1 -C 4 alkoxy groups as defined, such as trifluoromethoxy.
C 1 -C 6 -Hydroxyalkoxy is an alkoxy radical having from 1 to 6, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms as defined herein, wherein one or two hydrogen atoms are replaced by hydroxy. Examples include 2-hydroxyethoxy, 3-hydroxypropoxy, 2-hydroxypropoxy, 1-methyl-2-hydroxyethoxy and the like.
C 1 -C 6 -Alkoxy-C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy is an alkoxy radical having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably 1 or 2 carbon atoms as defined herein, wherein one or two hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or two alkoxy radicals having from 1 to 6, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms as defined herein. Examples include methoxymethoxy, 2-methoxyethoxy, 1-methoxyethoxy, 3-methoxypropoxy, 2-methoxypropoxy, 1-methyl-1-methoxyethoxy, ethoxymethoxy, 2-ethoxyethoxy, 1-ethoxyethoxy, 3-ethoxypropoxy, 2-ethoxypropoxy, 1-methyl-1-ethoxyethoxy and the like.
Amino-C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy is an alkoxy radical having from 1 to 4, preferably 1 or 2 carbon atoms as defined herein, wherein one hydrogen atom is replaced by an amino group. Examples include 2-aminoethoxy.
C 1 -C 6 -Alkylamino-C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy is an alkoxy radical having from 1 to 4, preferably 1 or 2 carbon atoms as defined herein, wherein one hydrogen atom is replaced by an alkylamino group having from 1 to 6, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms as defined herein. Examples include methylaminomethoxy, ethylaminomethoxy, n-propylaminomethoxy, isopropylaminomethoxy, n-butylaminomethoxy, 2-butylaminomethoxy, isobutylaminomethoxy, tert-butylaminomethoxy, 2-(methylamino)ethoxy, 2-(ethylamino)ethoxy, 2-(n-propylamino)ethoxy, 2-(iso-propylamino)ethoxy, 2-(nbutylamino)ethoxy, 2-(2-butylamino)ethoxy, 2-(iso-butylamino)ethoxy, 2-(tertbutylamino)ethoxy.
Di-C 1 -C 6 -alkylamino-C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy is an alkoxy radical having from 1 to 4, preferably 1 or 2 carbon atoms as defined herein, wherein one hydrogen atom is replaced by a dialkylamino group having from 1 to 6, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms as defined herein. Examples include dimethylaminomethoxy, diethylaminomethoxy, N-methyl-N-ethylamino)ethoxy, 2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy, 2-(diethylamino)ethoxy, 2-(N-methyl-Nethylamino)ethoxy.
C 1 -C 6 -Alkylcarbonylamino-C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy is an alkoxy radical having from 1 to 4, preferably 1 or 2 carbon atoms as defined herein, wherein one hydrogen atom is replaced by an alkylcarbonylamino group wherein the alkyl group has from 1 to 6, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms as defined herein. Examples include methylcarbonylaminomethoxy, ethylcarbonylaminomethoxy, n-propylcarbonylaminomethoxy, isopropylcarbonylaminomethoxy, n-butylcarbonylaminomethoxy, 2-butylcarbonylaminomethoxy, iso-butylcarbonylaminomethoxy, tert-butylcarbonylaminomethoxy, 2-(methylcarbonylamino)ethoxy, 2-(ethylcarbonylamino)ethoxy, 2-(npropylcarbonylamino)ethoxy, 2-(iso-propylcarbonylamino)ethoxy, 2-(nbutylcarbonylamino)ethoxy, 2-(2-butylcarbonylamino)ethoxy, 2-(iso-butylcarbonylamino)ethoxy, 2-(tert-butylcarbonylamino)ethoxy.
C 6 -C 12 -Arylcarbonylamino-C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy is an alkoxy radical having from 1 to 4, preferably 1 or 2 carbon atoms as defined herein, wherein one hydrogen atom is replaced by a C 6 -C 12 -arylcarbonylamino group as defined herein. Examples include 2-(benzoylamino)ethoxy.
C 1 -C 6 -Alkoxycarbonylamino-C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy is an alkoxy radical having from 1 to 4, preferably 1 or 2 carbon atoms as defined herein, wherein one hydrogen atom is replaced by an alkoxycarbonylamino group wherein the alkoxy group has from 1 to 6, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms as defined herein. Examples include methoxycarbonylaminomethoxy, ethoxycarbonylaminomethoxy, n-propoxycarbonylaminomethoxy, isopropoxycarbonylaminomethoxy, n-butoxycarbonylaminomethoxy, 2-butoxycarbonylaminomethoxy, iso-butoxycarbonylaminomethoxy, tertbutoxycarbonylaminomethoxy, 2-(methoxycarbonylamino)ethoxy, 2-(ethoxycarbonylamino)ethoxy, 2-(n-propoxycarbonylamino)ethoxy, 2-(iso-propoxycarbonylamino)ethoxy, 2-(n-butoxycarbonylamino)ethoxy, 2-(2-butoxycarbonylamino)ethoxy, 2-(isobutoxycarbonylamino)ethoxy, 2-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)ethoxy.
C 2 -C 6 -Alkenyloxy is a radical of the formula R—O—, wherein R is a straight-chain or branched alkenyl group having from 2 to 6, in particular 2 to 4 carbon atoms. Examples include vinyloxy, allyloxy (2-propen-1-yloxy), 1-propen-1-yloxy, 2-propen-2-yloxy, methallyloxy (2-methylprop-2-en-1-yloxy) and the like. C 3 -C 5 -Alkenyloxy is, in particular, allyloxy, 1-methylprop-2-en-1-yloxy, 2-buten-1-yloxy, 3-buten-1-yloxy, methallyloxy, 2-penten-1-yloxy, 3-penten-1-yloxy, 4-penten-1-yloxy, 1-methylbut-2-en-1-yloxy or 2-ethylprop-2-en-1-yloxy.
C 6 -C 12 -Aryl-C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy is an alkoxy radical having from 1 to 4, preferably 1 or 2 carbon atoms as defined herein, wherein one hydrogen atom is replaced by a C 6 -C 12 -aryl group as defined herein. Examples include benzyloxy.
C 1 -C 6 -Alkylsulfonylamino-C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy is an alkoxy radical having from 1 to 4, preferably 1 or 2 carbon atoms as defined herein, wherein one hydrogen atom is replaced by an alkylsulfonylamino group having from 1 to 6, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms as defined herein. Examples include 2-(methylsulfonylamino)ethoxy, 2-(ethylsulfonylamino)ethoxy, 2-[(2-methylpropyl)sulfonylamino]ethoxy.
(Halogenated C 1 -C 6 -alkyl)sulfonylamino-C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy is an alkoxy radical having from 1 to 4, preferably 1 or 2 carbon atoms as defined herein, wherein one hydrogen atom is replaced by an alkylsulfonylamino group having from 1 to 6, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms as defined herein, wherein the alkyl group is halogenated. Examples include 2-(trifluoromethylsulfonylamino)ethoxy.
C 6 -C 12 -Arylsulfonylamino-C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy is an alkoxy radical having from 1 to 4, preferably 1 or 2 carbon atoms as defined herein, wherein one hydrogen atom is replaced by a C 6 -C 12 -arylsulfonylamino group as defined herein. Examples include 2-(phenylsulfonylamino)ethoxy, 2-(naphthylsulfonylamino)ethoxy.
(C 6 -C 12 -Aryl-C 1 -C 6 -alkyl)sulfonylamino-C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy is an alkoxy radical having from 1 to 4, preferably 1 or 2 carbon atoms as defined herein, wherein one hydrogen atom is replaced by a (C 6 -C 12 -aryl-C 1 -C 6 -alkyl)sulfonylamino group, preferably by a (C 6 -C 12 -aryl-C 1 -C 2 -alkyl)sulfonylamino group. Examples include 2-(benzylsulfonylamino)ethoxy.
C 3 -C 12 -Heterocyclylsulfonylamino-C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy is an alkoxy radical having from 1 to 4, preferably 1 or 2 carbon atoms as defined herein, wherein one hydrogen atom is replaced by a C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclylsulfonylamino group as defined herein. Examples include 2-(pyridin-3-yl-sulfonylamino)ethoxy.
C 3 -C 12 -Heterocyclyl-C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy is an alkoxy radical having from 1 to 4, preferably 1 or 2 carbon atoms as defined herein, wherein one hydrogen atom is replaced by a C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyl group as defined herein. Examples include 2-(N-pyrrolidinyl)ethoxy, 2-(Nmorpholinyl)ethoxy and 2-(N-imidazolyl)ethoxy.
C 1 -C 2 -Alkylenedioxo is a radical of the formula —O—R—O—, wherein R is a straight-chain or branched alkylene group having from 1 or 2 carbon atoms as defined herein. Examples include methylenedioxo.
C 6 -C 12 -Aryloxy is a radical of the formula R—O—, wherein R is an aryl group having from 6 to 12, in particular 6 carbon atoms as defined herein. Examples include phenoxy.
C 3 -C 12 -Heterocyclyloxy is a radical of the formula R—O—, wherein R is a C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyl group having from 3 to 12, in particular from 3 to 7 carbon atoms as defined herein. Examples include pyridin-2-yloxy.
C 1 -C 6 -Alkylthio is a radical of the formula R—S—, wherein R is an alkyl radical having from 1 to 6, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms as defined herein. Examples include methylthio, ethylthio, propylthio, butylthio, pentylthio, 1-methylbutylthio, 2-methylbutylthio, 3-methylbutylthio, 2,2-dimethylpropylthio, 1-ethylpropylthio, hexylthio, 1,1-dimethylpropylthio, 1,2-dimethylpropylthio, 1-methylpentylthio, 2-methylpentylthio, 3-methylpentylthio, 4-methylpentylthio, 1,1-dimethylbutylthio, 1,2-dimethylbutylthio, 1,3-dimethylbutylthio, 2,2-dimethylbutylthio, 2,3-dimethylbutylthio, 3,3-dimethylbutylthio, 1-ethylbutylthio, 2-ethylbutylthio, 1,1,2-trimethylpropylthio, 1,2,2-trimethylpropylthio, 1-ethyl-1-methylpropyl and 1-ethyl-2-methylpropyl.
Halogenated C 1 -C 6 -alkylthio is a radical of the formula R—S—, wherein R is a halogenated alkyl radical having from 1 to 6, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms as defined herein. Examples include halogenomethylthio, dihalogenomethylthio, trihalogenomethylthio, (R)-1-halogenoethylthio, (S)-1-halogenoethylthio, 2-halogenoethylthio, 1,1-dihalogenoethylthio, 2,2-dihalogenoethylthio, 2,2,2-trihalogenoethylthio, (R)-1-halogenopropylthio, (S)-1-halogenopropylthio, 2-halogenopropylthio, 3-halogenopropylthio, 1,1-dihalogenopropylthio, 2,2-dihalogenopropylthio, 3,3-dihalogenopropylthio, 3,3,3-trihalogenopropylthio, (R)-2-halogeno-1-methylethylthio, (S)-2-halogeno-1-methylethylthio, (R)-2,2-dihalogeno-1-methylethylthio, (S)-2,2-dihalogeno-1-methylethylthio, (R)-1,2-dihalogeno-1-methylethylthio, (S)-1,2-dihalogeno-1-methylethylthio, (R)-2,2,2-trihalogeno-1-methylethylthio, (S)-2,2,2-trihalogeno-1-methylethylthio, 2-halogeno-1-(halogenomethyl)ethylthio, 1-(dihalogenomethyl)-2,2-dihalogenoethylthio, (R)-1-halogenobutylthio, (S)-1-halogenobutylthio, 2-halogenobutylthio, 3-halogenobutylthio, 4-halogenobutylthio, 1,1-dihalogenobutylthio, 2,2-dihalogenobutylthio, 3,3-dihalogenobutylthio, 4,4-dihalogenobutylthio, 4,4,4-trihalogenobutylthio, etc. Particular examples include the fluorinated C 1 -C 4 alkylthio groups as defined, such as trifluoromethylthio.
C 1 -C 6 -Alkylsulfinyl is a radical of the formula R—S(O)—, wherein R is an alkyl radical having from 1 to 6, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms as defined herein. Examples include methylsulfinyl, ethylsulfinyl, propylsulfinyl, butylsulfinyl, pentylsulfinyl, 1-methylbutylsulfinyl, 2-methylbutylsulfinyl, 3-methylbutylsulfinyl, 2,2-dimethylpropylsulfinyl, 1-ethylpropylsulfinyl, hexylsulfinyl, 1,1-dimethylpropylsulfinyl, 1,2-dimethylpropylsulfinyl, 1-methylpentylsulfinyl, 2-methylpentylsulfinyl, 3-methylpentylsulfinyl, 4-methylpentylsulfinyl, 1,1-dimethylbutylsulfinyl, 1,2-dimethylbutylsulfinyl, 1,3-dimethylbutylsulfinyl, 2,2-dimethylbutylsulfinyl, 2,3-dimethylbutylsulfinyl, 3,3-dimethylbutylsulfinyl, 1-ethylbutylsulfinyl, 2-ethylbutylsulfinyl, 1,1,2-trimethylpropylsulfinyl, 1,2,2-trimethylpropylsulfinyl, 1-ethyl-1-methylpropyl and 1-ethyl-2-methylpropyl.
C 1 -C 6 -Alkylsulfonyl is a radical of the formula R—S(O) 2 —, wherein R is an alkyl radical having from 1 to 6, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms as defined herein. Examples include methylsulfonyl, ethylsulfonyl, propylsulfonyl, butylsulfonyl, pentylsulfonyl, 1-methylbutylsulfonyl, 2-methylbutylsulfonyl, 3-methylbutylsulfonyl, 2,2-dimethylpropylsulfonyl, 1-ethylpropylsulfonyl, hexylsulfonyl, 1,1-dimethylpropylsulfonyl, 1,2-dimethylpropylsulfonyl, 1-methylpentylsulfonyl, 2-methylpentylsulfonyl, 3-methylpentylsulfonyl, 4-methylpentylsulfonyl, 1,1-dimethylbutylsulfonyl, 1,2-dimethylbutylsulfonyl, 1,3-dimethylbutylsulfonyl, 2,2-dimethylbutylsulfonyl, 2,3-dimethylbutylsulfonyl, 3,3-dimethylbutylsulfonyl, 1-ethylbutylsulfonyl, 2-ethylbutylsulfonyl, 1,1,2-trimethylpropylsulfonyl, 1,2,2-trimethylpropylsulfonyl, 1-ethyl-1-methylpropyl and 1-ethyl-2-methylpropyl.
(Halogenated C 1 -C 6 -alkyl)sulfonyl is a C 1 -C 6 -alkylsulfonyl as defined herein, wherein at least one, e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or all of the hydrogen atoms are replaced by 1, 2, 3, 4 or a corresponding number of identical or different halogen atoms.
C 6 -C 12 -Arylsulfonyl is a radical of the formula R—S(O) 2 —, wherein R is an aryl radical having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms as defined herein. Examples include phenylsulfonyl.
(C 6 -C 12 -Aryl-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl)sulfonyl is a radical of the formula R—S(O) 2 —, wherein R is a C 6 -C 12 -aryl-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl radical, in particular a C 6 -C 12 -aryl-C 1 -C 2 -alkyl radical as defined herein. Examples include benzylsulfonyl.
C 3 -C 12 -Heterocyclylsulfonyl is a radical of the formula R—S(O) 2 —, wherein R is C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyl as defined herein.
Aminosulfonyl is NH 2 —S(O) 2 —.
C 1 -C 6 -Alkylaminosulfonyl is a radical of the formula R—NH—S(O) 2 — wherein R is an alkyl radical having from 1 to 6, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms as defined herein. Examples include methylaminosulfonyl, ethylaminosulfonyl, n-propylaminosulfonyl, isopropylaminosulfonyl, n-butylaminosulfonyl, 2-butylaminosulfonyl, iso-butylaminosulfonyl, tert-butylaminosulfonyl.
Di-C 1 -C 6 -alkylaminosulfonyl is a radical of the formula RR′N—S(O) 2 — wherein R and R′ are independently of each other an alkyl radical having from 1 to 6, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms as defined herein. Examples include dimethylaminosulfonyl, diethylaminosulfonyl, N-methyl-N-ethylaminosulfonyl.
C 6 -C 12 -Arylaminosulfonyl is a radical of the formula R—NH—S(O) 2 — wherein R is an aryl radical having from 6 to 12, preferably 6 carbon atoms as defined herein.
Amino is NH 2 .
C 1 -C 6 -Alkylamino is a radical of the formula R—NH— wherein R is an alkyl radical having from 1 to 6, in particular from 1 to 4 carbon atoms as defined herein. Examples include methylamino, ethylamino, n-propylamino, iso-propylamino, n-butylamino, 2-butylamino, iso-butylamino, tert-butylamino.
(Halogenated C 1 -C 6 -alkyl)amino is a C 1 -C 6 -alkylamino as defined herein, wherein at least one, e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or all of the hydrogen atoms are replaced by 1, 2, 3, 4 or a corresponding number of identical or different halogen atoms.
Di-C 1 -C 6 -alkylamino is a radical of the formula RR′N— wherein R and R′ are independently of each other an alkyl radical having from 1 to 6, in particular from 1 to 4 carbon atoms as defined herein. Examples include dimethylamino, diethylamino, N-methyl-N-ethylamino.
Di-(halogenated C 1 -C 6 -alkyl)amino is a di-C 1 -C 6 -alkylamino as defined herein, wherein at least one, e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or all of the hydrogen atoms are replaced by 1, 2, 3, 4 or a corresponding number of identical or different halogen atoms.
C 1 -C 6 -Alkylcarbonylamino is a radical of the formula R—C(O)—NH—, wherein R is an alkyl radical having from 1 to 6, in particular from 1 to 4 carbon atoms as defined herein. Examples include acetamido (methylcarbonylamino), propionamido, n-butyramido, 2-methylpropionamido (isopropylcarbonylamino), 2,2-dimethylpropionamido and the like.
(Halogenated C 1 -C 6 -alkyl)carbonylamino is a C 1 -C 6 -alkylcarbonylamino as defined herein, wherein at least one, e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or all of the hydrogen atoms are replaced by 1, 2, 3, 4 or a corresponding number of identical or different halogen atoms.
C 6 -C 12 -Arylcarbonylamino is a radical of the formula R—C(O)—NH—, wherein R is an aryl radical having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms as defined herein. Examples include phenylcarbonylamino.
C 2 -C 6 -Alkenylamino is a radical of the formula R—NH—, wherein R is a straight-chain or branched alkenyl group having from 2 to 6, in particular 2 to 4 carbon atoms. Examples include vinylamino, allylamino (2-propen-1-ylamino), 1-propen-1-ylamino, 2-propen-2-ylamino, methallylamino (2-methylprop-2-en-1-ylamino) and the like. C 3 -C 5 -Alkenylamino is, in particular, allylamino, 1-methylprop-2-en-1-ylamino, 2-buten-1-ylamino, 3-buten-1-ylamino, methallylamino, 2-penten-1-ylamino, 3-penten-1-ylamino, 4-penten-1-ylamino, 1-methylbut-2-en-1-ylamino or 2-ethylprop-2-en-1-ylamino. C 1 -C 6 -Alkylsulfonylamino is a radical of the formula R—S(O) 2 —NH—, wherein R is an alkyl radical having from 1 to 6, in particular from 1 to 4 carbon atoms as defined herein. Examples include methylsulfonylamino, ethylsulfonylamino, n-propylsulfonylamino, isopropylsulfonylamino, n-butylsulfonylamino, 2-butylsulfonylamino, iso-butylsulfonylamino, tert-butylsulfonylamino.
(Halogenated C 1 -C 6 alkyl)sulfonylamino is a C 1 -C 6 -alkylsulfonylamino as defined herein, wherein at least one, e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or all of the hydrogen atoms are replaced by 1, 2, 3, 4 or a corresponding number of identical or different halogen atoms.
C 6 -C 12 -Arylsulfonylamino is a radical of the formula R—S(O) 2 —NH—, wherein R is an aryl radical having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms as defined herein. Examples include phenylsulfonylamino.
Nitro is —NO 2 .
C 3 -C 12 -Heterocyclyl is a 3- to 12-membered heterocyclic radical including a saturated heterocyclic radical, which generally has 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7 ring forming atoms (ring members), an unsaturated non-aromatic heterocyclic radical, which generally has 5, 6 or 7 ring forming atoms, and a heteroaromatic radical (hetaryl), which generally has 5, 6 or 7 ring forming atoms. The heterocyclic radicals may be bound via a carbon atom (C-bound) or a nitrogen atom (N-bound). Preferred heterocyclic radicals comprise 1 nitrogen atom as ring member atom and optionally 1, 2 or 3 further heteroatoms as ring members, which are selected, independently of each other from O, S and N. Likewise preferred heterocyclic radicals comprise 1 heteroatom as ring member, which is selected from O, S and N, and optionally 1, 2 or 3 further nitrogen atoms as ring members.
Examples of C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyl include:
C- or N-bound 3-4-membered, saturated rings, such as
2-oxiranyl, 2-oxetanyl, 3-oxetanyl, 2-aziridinyl, 3-thiethanyl, 1-azetidinyl, 2-azetidinyl, 3-azetidinyl;
C-bound, 5-membered, saturated rings, such as
tetrahydrofuran-2-yl, tetrahydrofuran-3-yl, tetrahydrothien-2-yl, tetrahydrothien-3-yl, tetrahydropyrrol-2-yl, tetrahydropyrrol-3-yl, tetrahydropyrazol-3-yl, tetrahydro-pyrazol-4-yl, tetrahydroisoxazol-3-yl, tetrahydroisoxazol-4-yl, tetrahydroisoxazol-5-yl, 1,2-oxathiolan-3-yl, 1,2-oxathiolan-4-yl, 1,2-oxathiolan-5-yl, tetrahydroisothiazol-3-yl, tetrahydroisothiazol-4-yl, tetrahydroisothiazol-5-yl, 1,2-dithiolan-3-yl, 1,2-dithiolan-4-yl, tetrahydroimidazol-2-yl, tetrahydroimidazol-4-yl, tetrahydrooxazol-2-yl, tetrahydrooxazol-4-yl, tetrahydrooxazol-5-yl, tetrahydrothiazol-2-yl, tetrahydrothiazol-4-yl, tetrahydrothiazol-5-yl, 1,3-dioxolan-2-yl, 1,3-dioxolan-4-yl, 1,3-oxathiolan-2-yl, 1,3-oxathiolan-4-yl, 1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl, 1,3-dithiolan-2-yl, 1,3-dithiolan-4-yl, 1,3,2-dioxathiolan-4-yl;
C-bound, 6-membered, saturated rings, such as
tetrahydropyran-2-yl, tetrahydropyran-3-yl, tetrahydropyran-4-yl, piperidin-2-yl, piperidin-3-yl, piperidin-4-yl, tetrahydrothiopyran-2-yl, tetrahydrothiopyran-3-yl, tetrahydrothiopyran-4-yl, 1,3-dioxan-2-yl, 1,3-dioxan-4-yl, 1,3-dioxan-5-yl, 1,4-dioxan-2-yl, 1,3-dithian-2-yl, 1,3-dithian-4-yl, 1,3-dithian-5-yl, 1,4-dithian-2-yl, 1,3-oxathian-2-yl, 1,3-oxathian-4-yl, 1,3-oxathian-5-yl, 1,3-oxathian-6-yl, 1,4-oxathian-2-yl, 1,4-oxathian-3-yl, 1,2-dithian-3-yl, 1,2-dithian-4-yl, hexahydropyrimidin-2-yl, hexahydropyrimidin-4-yl, hexahydropyrimidin-5-yl, hexahydropyrazin-2-yl, hexahydropyridazin-3-yl, hexahydropyridazin-4-yl, tetrahydro-1,3-oxazin-2-yl, tetrahydro-1,3-oxazin-4-yl, tetrahydro-1,3-oxazin-5-yl, tetrahydro-1,3-oxazin-6-yl, tetrahydro-1,3-thiazin-2-yl, tetrahydro-1,3-thiazin-4-yl, tetrahydro-1,3-thiazin-5-yl, tetrahydro-1,3-thiazin-6-yl, tetrahydro-1,4-thiazin-2-yl, tetrahydro-1,4-thiazin-3-yl, tetrahydro-1,4-oxazin-2-yl, tetrahydro-1,4-oxazin-3-yl, tetrahydro-1,2-oxazin-3-yl, tetrahydro-1,2-oxazin-4-yl, tetrahydro-1,2-oxazin-5-yl, tetrahydro-1,2-oxazin-6-yl;
N-bound, 5-membered, saturated rings, such as
tetrahydropyrrol-1-yl (pyrrolidin-1-yl), tetrahydropyrazol-1-yl, tetrahydroisoxazol-2-yl, tetrahydroisothiazol-2-yl, tetrahydroimidazol-1-yl, tetrahydrooxazol-3-yl, tetrahydrothiazol-3-yl;
N-bound, 6-membered, saturated rings, such as
piperidin-1-yl, hexahydropyrimidin-1-yl, hexahydropyrazin-1-yl (piperazin-1-yl), hexahydropyridazin-1-yl, tetrahydro-1,3-oxazin-3-yl, tetrahydro-1,3-thiazin-3-yl, tetrahydro-1,4-thiazin-4-yl, tetrahydro-1,4-oxazin-4-yl (morpholin-1-yl), tetrahydro-1,2-oxazin-2-yl;
C-bound, 5-membered, partially unsaturated rings, such as
2,3-dihydrofuran-2-yl, 2,3-dihydrofuran-3-yl, 2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl, 2,5-di-hydrofuran-3-yl, 4,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl, 4,5-dihydrofuran-3-yl, 2,3-dihydro-thien-2-yl, 2,3-dihydrothien-3-yl, 2,5-dihydrothien-2-yl, 2,5-dihydrothien-3-yl, 4,5-dihydrothien-2-yl, 4,5-dihydrothien-3-yl, 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-2-yl, 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-3-yl, 2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-2-yl, 2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-3-yl, 4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-2-yl, 4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-3-yl, 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-yl, 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-3-yl, 3,4-dihydro-5H-pyrrol-2-yl, 3,4-dihydro-5H-pyrrol-3-yl, 4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-3-yl, 4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-4-yl, 4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-5-yl, 2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-3-yl, 2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-4-yl, 2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-5-yl, 4,5-dihydroisoxazol-3-yl, 4,5-dihydroisoxazol-4-yl, 4,5-dihydroisoxazol-5-yl, 2,5-dihydroisoxazol-3-yl, 2,5-dihydroisoxazol-4-yl, 2,5-dihydroisoxazol-5-yl, 2,3-dihydroisoxazol-3-yl, 2,3-dihydroisoxazol-4-yl, 2,3-dihydroisoxazol-5-yl, 4,5-dihydroisothiazol-3-yl, 4,5-dihydroisothiazol-4-yl, 4,5-dihydroisothiazol-5-yl, 2,5-dihydroisothiazol-3-yl, 2,5-dihydroisothiazol-4-yl, 2,5-dihydroisothiazol-5-yl, 2,3-dihydroisothiazol-3-yl, 2,3-dihydroisothiazol-4-yl, 2,3-dihydroisothiazol-5-yl, 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl, 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-4-yl, 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-5-yl, 2,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl, 2,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-4-yl, 2,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-5-yl, 2,3-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl, 2,3-dihydro-1H-imidazol-4-yl, 4,5-dihydro-oxazol-2-yl, 4,5-dihydrooxazol-4-yl, 4,5-dihydrooxazol-5-yl, 2,5-dihydrooxazol-2-yl, 2,5-dihydrooxazol-4-yl, 2,5-dihydrooxazol-5-yl, 2,3-dihydrooxazol-2-yl, 2,3-dihydrooxazol-4-yl, 2,3-dihydrooxazol-5-yl, 4,5-dihydrothiazol-2-yl, 4,5-dihydrothiazol-4-yl, 4,5-dihydrothiazol-5-yl, 2,5-dihydrothiazol-2-yl, 2,5-dihydrothiazol-4-yl, 2,5-dihydrothiazol-5-yl, 2,3-dihydrothiazol-2-yl, 2,3-dihydrothiazol-4-yl, 2,3-dihydrothiazol-5-yl, 1,3-dioxol-2-yl, 1,3-dioxol-4-yl, 1,3-dithiol-2-yl, 1,3-dithiol-4-yl, 1,3-oxathiol-2-yl, 1,3-oxathiol-4-yl, 1,3-oxathiol-5-yl;
C-bound, 6-membered, partially unsaturated rings, such as
2H-3,4-dihydropyran-6-yl, 2H-3,4-dihydropyran-5-yl, 2H-3,4-dihydropyran-4-yl, 2H-3,4-dihydropyran-3-yl, 2H-3,4-dihydropyran-2-yl, 2H-3,4-dihydrothiopyran-6-yl, 2H-3,4-dihydrothiopyran-5-yl, 2H-3,4-dihydrothiopyran-4-yl, 2H-3,4-dihydrothiopyran-3-yl, 2H-3,4-dihydrothiopyran-2-yl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridin-6-yl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridin-5-yl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl, 1,2,3,4-tetra-hydropyridin-3-yl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridin-2-yl, 2H-5,6-dihydropyran-2-yl, 2H-5,6-dihydropyran-3-yl, 2H-5,6-dihydropyran-4-yl, 2H-5,6-dihydropyran-5-yl, 2H-5,6-dihydropyran-6-yl, 2H-5,6-dihydrothiopyran-2-yl, 2H-5,6-dihydrothiopyran-3-yl, 2H-5,6-dihydrothiopyran-4-yl, 2H-5,6-dihydrothiopyran-5-yl, 2H-5,6-dihydrothiopyran-6-yl, 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridin-2-yl, 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridin-3-yl, 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl, 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridin-5-yl, 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridin-6-yl, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridin-2-yl, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridin-3-yl, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridin-5-yl, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridin-6-yl, 4H-pyran-2-yl, 4H-pyran-3-yl, 4H-pyran-4-yl, 4H-thiopyran-2-yl, 4H-thiopyran-3-yl, 4H-thiopyran-4-yl, 1,4-dihydropyridin-2-yl, 1,4-dihydropyridin-3-yl, 1,4-dihydropyridin-4-yl, 2H-pyran-2-yl, 2H-pyran-3-yl, 2H-pyran-4-yl, 2H-pyran-5-yl, 2H-pyran-6-yl, 2H-thiopyran-2-yl, 2H-thiopyran-3-yl, 2H-thiopyran-4-yl, 2H-thiopyran-5-yl, 2H-thiopyran-6-yl, 1,2-dihydropyridin-2-yl, 1,2-dihydro-pyridin-3-yl, 1,2-dihydropyridin-4-yl, 1,2-dihydropyridin-5-yl, 1,2-dihydro-pyridin-6-yl, 3,4-dihydropyridin-2-yl, 3,4-dihydropyridin-3-yl, 3,4-dihydro-pyridin-4-yl, 3,4-dihydropyridin-5-yl, 3,4-dihydropyridin-6-yl, 2,5-dihydropyridin-2-yl, 2,5-dihydropyridin-3-yl, 2,5-dihydropyridin-4-yl, 2,5-dihydropyridin-5-yl, 2,5-dihydropyridin-6-yl, 2,3-dihydropyridin-2-yl, 2,3-dihydropyridin-3-yl, 2,3-dihydropyridin-4-yl, 2,3-dihydropyridin-5-yl, 2,3-dihydropyridin-6-yl, 2H-5,6-dihydro-1,2-oxazin-3-yl, 2H-5,6-dihydro-1,2-oxazin-4-yl, 2H-5,6-dihydro-1,2-oxazin-5-yl, 2H-5,6-dihydro-1,2-oxazin-6-yl, 2H-5,6-dihydro-1,2-thiazin-3-yl, 2H-5,6-dihydro-1,2-thiazin-4-yl, 2H-5,6-dihydro-1,2-thiazin-5-yl, 2H-5,6-dihydro-1,2-thiazin-6-yl, 4H-5,6-dihydro-1,2-oxazin-3-yl, 4H-5,6-dihydro-1,2-oxazin-4-yl, 4H-5,6-dihydro-1,2-oxazin-5-yl, 4H-5,6-dihydro-1,2-oxazin-6-yl, 4H-5,6-dihydro-1,2-thiazin-3-yl, 4H-5,6-dihydro-1,2-thiazin-4-yl, 4H-5,6-dihydro-1,2-thiazin-5-yl, 4H-5,6-dihydro-1,2-thiazin-6-yl, 2H-3,6-dihydro-1,2-oxazin-3-yl, 2H-3,6-dihydro-1,2-oxazin-4-yl, 2H-3,6-dihydro-1,2-oxazin-5-yl, 2H-3,6-dihydro-1,2-oxazin-6-yl, 2H-3,6-dihydro-1,2-thiazin-3-yl, 2H-3,6-dihydro-1,2-thiazin-4-yl, 2H-3,6-dihydro-1,2-thiazin-5-yl, 2H-3,6-dihydro-1,2-thiazin-6-yl, 2H-3,4-dihydro-1,2-oxazin-3-yl, 2H-3,4-dihydro-1,2-oxazin-4-yl, 2H-3,4-dihydro-1,2-oxazin-5-yl, 2H-3,4-dihydro-1,2-oxazin-6-yl, 2H-3,4-dihydro-1,2-thiazin-3-yl, 2H-3,4-dihydro-1,2-thiazin-4-yl, 2H-3,4-dihydro-1,2-thiazin-5-yl, 2H-3,4-dihydro-1,2-thiazin-6-yl, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridazin-3-yl, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridazin-4-yl, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridazin-5-yl, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridazin-6-yl, 3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridazin-3-yl, 3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridazin-4-yl, 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridazin-3-yl, 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridazin-4-yl, 1,2,5,6-tetra-hydropyridazin-5-yl, 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridazin-6-yl, 1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyridazin-3-yl, 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridazin-4-yl, 4H-5,6-dihydro-1,3-oxazin-2-yl, 4H-5,6-dihydro-1,3-oxazin-4-yl, 4H-5,6-dihydro-1,3-oxazin-5-yl, 4H-5,6-dihydro-1,3-oxazin-6-yl, 4H-5,6-dihydro-1,3-thiazin-2-yl, 4H-5,6-dihydro-1,3-thiazin-4-yl, 4H-5,6-dihydro-1,3-thiazin-5-yl, 4H-5,6-dihydro-1,3-thiazin-6-yl, 3,4,5-6-tetrahydropyrimidin-2-yl, 3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-4-yl, 3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-5-yl, 3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-6-yl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrazin-2-yl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrazin-5-yl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-pyrimidin-2-yl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-4-yl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-5-yl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-6-yl, 2,3-dihydro-1,4-thiazin-2-yl, 2,3-dihydro-1,4-thiazin-3-yl, 2,3-dihydro-1,4-thiazin-5-yl, 2,3-dihydro-1,4-thiazin-6-yl, 2H-1,3-oxazin-2-yl, 2H-1,3-oxazin-4-yl, 2H-1,3-oxazin-5-yl, 2H-1,3-oxazin-6-yl, 2H-1,3-thiazin-2-yl, 2H-1,3-thiazin-4-yl, 2H-1,3-thiazin-5-yl, 2H-1,3-thiazin-6-yl, 4H-1,3-oxazin-2-yl, 4H-1,3-oxazin-4-yl, 4H-1,3-oxazin-5-yl, 4H-1,3-oxazin-6-yl, 4H-1,3-thiazin-2-yl, 4H-1,3-thiazin-4-yl, 4H-1,3-thiazin-5-yl, 4H-1,3-thiazin-6-yl, 6H-1,3-oxazin-2-yl, 6H-1,3-oxazin-4-yl, 6H-1,3-oxazin-5-yl, 6H-1,3-oxazin-6-yl, 6H-1,3-thiazin-2-yl, 6H-1,3-oxazin-4-yl, 6H-1,3-oxazin-5-yl, 6H-1,3-thiazin-6-yl, 2H-1,4-oxazin-2-yl, 2H-1,4-oxazin-3-yl, 2H-1,4-oxazin-5-yl, 2H-1,4-oxazin-6-yl, 2H-1,4-thiazin-2-yl, 2H-1,4-thiazin-3-yl, 2H-1,4-thiazin-5-yl, 2H-1,4-thiazin-6-yl, 4H-1,4-oxazin-2-yl, 4H-1,4-oxazin-3-yl, 4H-1,4-thiazin-2-yl, 4H-1,4-thiazin-3-yl, 1,4-dihydropyridazin-3-yl, 1,4-dihydropyridazin-4-yl, 1,4-dihydropyridazin-5-yl, 1,4-dihydropyridazin-6-yl, 1,4-dihydropyrazin-2-yl, 1,2-dihydropyrazin-2-yl, 1,2-dihydropyrazin-3-yl, 1,2-dihydropyrazin-5-yl, 1,2-dihydropyrazin-6-yl, 1,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-yl, 1,4-dihydropyrimidin-4-yl, 1,4-dihydropyrimidin-5-yl, 1,4-dihydropyrimidin-6-yl, 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-yl, 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-4-yl, 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-5-yl or 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-6-yl;
N-bound, 5-membered, partially unsaturated rings, such as
2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl, 2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl, 4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl, 2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl, 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl, 2,5-dihydroisoxazol-2-yl, 2,3-dihydroisoxazol-2-yl, 2,5-dihydroisothiazol-2-yl, 2,3-dihydroisoxazol-2-yl, 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-1-yl, 2,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-1-yl, 2,3-dihydro-1H-imidazol-1-yl, 2,3-dihydrooxazol-3-yl, 2,3-dihydrothiazol-3-yl;
N-bound, 6-membered, partially unsaturated rings, such as
1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridin-1-yl, 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridin-1-yl, 1,4-dihydro-pyridin-1-yl, 1,2-dihydropyridin-1-yl, 2H-5,6-dihydro-1,2-oxazin-2-yl, 2H-5,6-dihydro-1,2-thiazin-2-yl, 2H-3,6-dihydro-1,2-oxazin-2-yl, 2H-3,6-dihydro-1,2-thiazin-2-yl, 2H-3,4-dihydro-1,2-oxazin-2-yl, 2H-3,4-dihydro-1,2-thiazin-2-yl, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridazin-2-yl, 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridazin-1-yl, 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridazin-2-yl, 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridazin-1-yl, 3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-3-yl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrazin-1-yl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-1-yl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-3-yl, 2,3-dihdro-1,4-thiazin-4-yl, 2H-1,2-oxazin-2-yl, 2H-1,2-thiazin-2-yl, 4H-1,4-oxazin-4-yl, 4H-1,4-thiazin-4-yl, 1,4-dihydropyridazin-1-yl, 1,4-dihydropyrazin-1-yl, 1,2-dihydropyrazin-1-yl, 1,4-dihydropyrimidin-1-yl or 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-3-yl;
C-bound, 5-membered, heteroaromatic rings, such as
2-furyl, 3-furyl, 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl, pyrrol-2-yl, pyrrol-3-yl, pyrazol-3-yl, pyrazol-4-yl, isoxazol-3-yl, isoxazol-4-yl, isoxazol-5-yl, isothiazol-3-yl, isothiazol-4-yl, isothiazol-5-yl, imidazol-2-yl, imidazol-4-yl, oxazol-2-yl, oxazol-4-yl, oxazol-5-yl, thiazol-2-yl, thiazol-4-yl, thiazol-5-yl, 1,2,3-oxadiazol-4-yl, 1,2,3-oxadiazol-5-yl, 1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl, 1,2,4,-oxadiazol-5-yl, 1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl, 1,2,3-thiadiazol-4-yl, 1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-yl, 1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl, 1,2,4-thiadiazol-5-yl, 1,3,4-thiadiazolyl-2-yl, 1,2,3-triazol-4-yl, 1,2,4-triazol-3-yl, tetrazol-5-yl;
C-bound, 6-membered, heteroaromatic rings, such as
pyridin-2-yl, pyridin-3-yl, pyridin-4-yl (4-pyridyl), pyridazin-3-yl, pyridazin-4-yl, pyrimidin-2-yl, pyrimidin-4-yl, pyrimidin-5-yl, pyrazin-2-yl, 1,3,5-triazin-2-yl, 1,2,4-triazin-3-yl, 1,2,4-triazin-5-yl, 1,2,4-triazin-6-yl, 1,2,4,5-tetrazin-3-yl;
N-bound, 5-membered, heteroaromatic rings, such as
pyrrol-1-yl, pyrazol-1-yl, imidazol-1-yl, 1,2,3-triazol-1-yl, 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl, tetrazol-1-yl.
Heterocyclyl also includes bicyclic heterocycles, which comprise one of the described 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic rings and a further anellated, saturated or unsaturated or aromatic carbocycle, such as a benzene, cyclohexane, cyclohexene or cyclohexadiene ring, or a further anellated 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring, this heterocyclic ring being saturated or unsaturated or aromatic. These include quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, indolyl, indolizinyl, isoindolyl, indazolyl, benzofuryl, benzthienyl, benzo[b]thiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzthiazolyl and benzimidazolyl. Examples of 5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic compounds comprising an anellated cycloalkenyl ring include dihydroindolyl, dihydroindolizinyl, dihydroisoindolyl, dihydrochinolinyl, dihydroisoquinolinyl, chromenyl and chromanyl.
C 3 -C 12 -Heteroarylene is a heteroaryl diradical. Examples include pyrid-2,5-ylene and pyrid-2,4-ylene.
With respect to the compounds' capability of inhibiting glycine transporter 1, the variables R, R 1 , W, A 1 , Q, Y, A 2 , X 1 , R 2 , A 3 , R 3 , R 4 , X 2 , X 3 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , R 14 , R 15 , R 16 , R 17 preferably have the following meanings which, when taken alone or in combination, represent particular embodiments of the benzazepine derivatives of the formula (I) or any other formula disclosed herein.
In said formula (I), there may be one or more than one substituent R, R 2 and/or R 3 . More particularly, there may be up to 3 substituents R 2 , and up to 7 substituents R 3 . Preferably there is one substituent R and 1, 2 or 3 substituents R 2 . Formula (I) may thus be depicted as follows:
wherein a is 1, 2 or 3, b is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 and c is 1. If there is more than one radical R 2 , these may be the same or different radicals. If there is more than one radical R 3 , these may be the same or different radicals.
According to one embodiment, R is cyano.
Preferably, R is R 1 —W-A 1 -Q-Y-A 2 -X 1 — and R 1 , W, A 1 , Q, Y, A 2 , X 1 , R 2 , A 3 , R 3 , R 4 , X 2 , X 3 , R 5 are as defined herein.
R 1 is hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl (e.g. methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl or npentyl), C 3 -C 12 -cycloalkyl-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl (e.g. cyclopropylmethyl, cyclopentylmethyl or cyclohexylmethyl), halogenated C 1 -C 6 -alkyl (e.g. 3-fluoroprop-1-yl, 3-chloroprop-1-yl or 3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-yl), tri-(C 1 -C 4 -alkyl)-silyl-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl (e.g. trimethylsilylethyl), hydroxy-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkoxy-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl (e.g. ethoxyethyl), amino-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkylamino-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, di-C 1 -C 6 -alkylamino-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkylcarbonylamino-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkyloxycarbonylamino-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkylaminocarbonylamino-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, di-C 1 -C 6 -alkylaminocarbonylamino-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkylsulfonylamino-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, (optionally substituted C 6 -C 12 -aryl-C 1 -C 6 -alkyl)amino-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, optionally substituted C 6 -C 12 -arylC 1 -C 4 -alkyl, optionally substituted C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyl-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 3 -C 12 -cycloalkyl (e.g. cyclopropyl or cyclobutyl), C 1 -C 6 -alkylcarbonyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkoxycarbonyl, halogenated C 1 -C 6 -alkoxycarbonyl, C 6 -C 12 -aryloxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkylaminocarbonyl, (halogenated C 1 -C 4 -alkyl)aminocarbonyl, C 6 -C 12 -arylaminocarbonyl, C 2 -C 6 -alkenyl (e.g. prop-1,2-en-1-yl), C 2 -C 6 -alkynyl, optionally substituted C 6 -C 12 -aryl (e.g. phenyl, 2-methylphenyl), hydroxy, C 1 -C 6 -alkoxy (e.g. tert-butyloxy), halogenated C 1 -C 6 -alkoxy, C 1 -C 6 -hydroxyalkoxy, C 1 -C 6 -alkoxy-C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy, amino-C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy, C 1 -C 6 -alkylamino-C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy, di-C 1 -C 6 -alkylamino-C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy, C 1 -C 6 -alkylcarbonylamino-C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy, C 6 -C 12 -arylcarbonylamino-C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy, C 1 -C 6 -alkoxycarbonylamino-C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy, C 6 -C 12 -aryl-C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy, C 1 -C 6 -alkylsulfonylamino-C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy, (halogenated C 1 -C 6 -alkyl)sulfonylamino-C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy, C 6 -C 12 -arylsulfonylamino-C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy, (C 6 -C 12 -aryl-C 1 -C 6 -alkyl)sulfonylamino-C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy, C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclylsulfonylamino-C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy, C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyl-C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy, C 6 -C 12 -aryloxy, C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyloxy, C 1 -C 6 -alkylthio, halogenated C 1 -C 6 -alkylthio, C 1 -C 6 -alkylamino, (halogenated C 1 -C 6 -alkyl)amino, di-C 1 -C 6 -alkylamino (e.g. dimethylamino), di-(halogenated C 1 -C 6 -alkyl)amino, C 1 -C 6 -alkylcarbonylamino, (halogenated C 1 -C 6 -alkyl)carbonylamino, C 6 -C 12 -arylcarbonylamino, C 1 -C 6 -alkylsulfonylamino, (halogenated C 1 -C 6 -alkyl)sulfonylamino, C 6 -C 12 -arylsulfonylamino or optionally substituted C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyl (e.g. 3-pyridyl, 2-thienyl, 4-methyl-2-thienyl, 5-methyl-2-thienyl, 5-chloro-2-thienyl, 2,5-dimethyl-3-thienyl, 1,2-diazol-4-yl, 1-methyl-1,2-diazol-4-yl, 1-ethyl-1,2-diazol-4-yl, 1-difluormethyl-1,2-diazol-4-yl, 2-methyl-1,3-diazol-4-yl, 1-methyl-1,3-diazol-4-yl, 2-methyl-1,3-thiazol-5-yl, 2,4-dimethyl-1,3-thiazol-5-yl, 3-pyrrolidinyl, 1-methyl-pyrrol-3-yl, 2-pyridyl, 1-methyl-1,2-diazol-3-yl, 1-methyl-3-trifluoromethyl-1,2-diazol-4-yl, 1,2-dimethyl-1,3-diazol-4-yl, 5-methylisoxazol-3-yl or 1-methyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl).
Preferably, R 1 is C 1 -C 6 -alkyl (e.g. methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, sec-butyl, n-butyl or npentyl), C 3 -C 12 -cycloalkyl-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl (e.g. cyclopropylmethyl, cyclopentylmethyl or cyclohexylmethyl), halogenated C 1 -C 6 -alkyl (e.g. 3-fluoroprop-1-yl, 3-chloroprop-1-yl or 3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-yl), tri-(C 1 -C 4 -alkyl)-silyl-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl (e.g. trimethylsilylethyl), C 1 -C 6 -alkoxyC 1 -C 4 -alkyl (e.g. ethoxyethyl), amino-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkylamino-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, di-C 1 -C 6 -alkylamino-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkyloxycarbonylamino-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkylaminocarbonylamino-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 6 -C 12 -aryl-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 3 -C 12 -cycloalkyl (e.g. cyclopropyl or cyclobutyl), C 2 -C 6 -alkenyl (e.g. prop-1,2-en-1-yl), optionally substituted C 6 -C 12 -aryl (e.g. phenyl), hydroxy, C 1 -C 6 -alkylamino, (halogenated C 1 -C 6 -alkyl)amino, di-C 1 -C 6 -alkylamino or optionally substituted C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyl (e.g. 3-pyridyl, 2-thienyl, 4-methyl-2-thienyl, 5-methyl-2-thienyl, 5-chloro-2-thienyl, 2,5-dimethyl-3-thienyl, 1,2-diazol-4-yl, 1-methyl-1,2-diazol-4-yl, 1-ethyl-1,2-diazol-4-yl, 1-difluormethyl-1,2-diazol-4-yl, 2-methyl-1,3-diazol-4-yl, 1-methyl-1,3-diazol-4-yl, 2-methyl-1,3-thiazol-5-yl, 2,4-dimethyl-1,3-thiazol-5-yl or 3-pyrrolidinyl).
In particular, R 1 is C 1 -C 6 -alkyl (e.g. ethyl or n-propyl), C 3 -C 12 -cycloalkyl-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl (e.g. cyclopropylmethyl), C 3 -C 12 -cycloalkyl (e.g. cyclobutyl), or optionally substituted C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyl (e.g. 3-pyridyl, 1-methyl-1,2-diazol-4-yl, 1-methyl-1,3-diazol-4-yl, 3-oxetanyl, 1-methyl-pyrrol-3-yl).
In connection with R 1 , substituted C 6 -C 12 -aryl in particular includes C 6 -C 12 -aryl, such as phenyl or naphthyl, substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -haloalkyl, cyano, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy, C 1 -C 4 -haloalkoxy, amino, C 1 -C 4 -alkylamino, C 1 -C 4 -dialkylamino, morpholino and piperidinyl. The same applies to substituted C 6 -C 12 -aryl in substituted C 6 -C 12 -aryl-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl.
In connection with R 1 , substituted C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyl in particular includes C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyl, such as pyridyl, thienyl, diazolyl, quinolinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl or morpholinyl, pyrrolyl, isoxazolyl and triazolyl being further examples of such C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyl, substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -haloalkyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxycarbonyl, cyano, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy, C 1 -C 4 -haloalkoxy, C 1 -C 4 -alkylsulfonyl, amino, C 1 -C 4 -alkylamino, C 1 -C 4 -dialkylamino, C 6 -C 12 -arylamino and C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyl (e.g., morpholino or piperidinyl). The same applies to substituted C 3 -C 12 -heteroaryl in substituted C 3 -C 12 -heteroaryl-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl.
According to one embodiment, W is —NR 8 — and Y is a bond. According to an alternative embodiment, W is a bond and Y is —NR 9 —. According to a further alternative embodiment, W is a bond and Y is a bond, especially if R 1 is a nitrogen-bound radical, e.g. nitrogen-bound heterocyclyl such as piperazinyl or morpholinyl.
According to one embodiment, Q is —S(O) 2 —. According to an alternative embodiment, Q is —C(O)—.
According to a particular embodiment, —W-A 1 -Q-Y— is —W-A 1 -S(O) 2 —NR 9 —, —NR 8 —S(O) 2 —, -A 1 -S(O) 2 — or —S(O) 2 —. According to a further particular embodiment, —W-A 1 -Q-Y— is —W-A 1 -CO—NR 9 — or —NR 8 —CO—.
A 1 is optionally substituted C 1 -C 4 -alkylene or a bond. In connection with A 1 , substituted C 1 -C 4 -alkylene in particular includes C 1 -C 4 -alkylene substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl and cyano. Preferably, A 1 is a bond. If A 1 is C 1 -C 4 -alkylene, W is preferably —NR 8 —.
A 2 is optionally substituted C 1 -C 4 -alkylene (e.g. 1,2-ethylene), C 1 -C 4 -alkylene-CO—, —CO—C 1 -C 4 -alkylene, C 1 -C 4 -alkylene-O—C 1 -C 4 -alkylene, C 1 -C 4 -alkylene-NR 10 —C 1 -C 4 -alkylene, optionally substituted C 6 -C 12 -arylene, optionally substituted C 6 -C 12 -heteroarylene or a bond. Additionally, A 2 may be optionally substituted C 2 -C 4 -alkenylen or optionally substituted C 2 -C 4 -alkynylene. Preferably, A 2 is optionally substituted C 1 -C 4 -alkylene (e.g. 1,2-ethylene). More preferably, A 2 is C 1 -C 4 -alkylene (e.g. 1,2-ethylene). Alternatively, it is preferred that A 2 is optionally substituted C 6 -C 12 -arylene, in particular C 6 -C 12 -arylene selected from the group consisting of phen-1,4-ylene and phen-1,3-ylene, or optionally substituted C 6 -C 12 -heteroarylene, in particular C 6 -C 12 -heteroarylene selected from the group consisting of pyrid-2,5-ylene and pyrid-2,4-ylene. If A 2 is a bond, X 1 is preferably optionally substituted C 1 -C 4 -alkylene. Alternatively, if A 2 is a bond, X 1 is in particular optionally substituted C 2 -C 4 -alkenylene or optionally substituted C 2 -C 4 -alkynylene.
In connection with A 2 , substituted C 1 -C 4 -alkylene in particular includes C 1 -C 4 -alkylene substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -haloalkyl and cyano.
In connection with A 2 , substituted C 2 -C 4 -alkenylene or substituted C 2 -C 4 -alkynylene in particular includes C 2 -C 4 -alkenylene or C 2 -C 4 -alkynylene substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -haloalkyl and cyano.
In connection with A 2 , substituted C 6 -C 12 -arylene in particular includes C 6 -C 12 -arylene substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -haloalkyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxycarbonyl, cyano, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy, C 1 -C 4 -haloalkoxy, C 1 -C 4 -alkylsulfonyl, amino, C 1 -C 4 -alkylamino, C 1 -C 4 -dialkylamino, C 6 -C 12 -arylamino and C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyl (e.g., morpholino or piperidinyl).
In connection with A 2 , substituted C 6 -C 12 -heteroarylene in particular includes C 6 -C 12 -heteroarylene substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -haloalkyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxycarbonyl, cyano, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy, C 1 -C 4 -haloalkoxy, C 1 -C 4 -alkylsulfonyl, amino, C 1 -C 4 -alkylamino, C 1 -C 4 -dialkylamino, C 6 -C 12 -arylamino and C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyl (e.g, morpholino or piperidinyl).
X 1 is —O—, —NR 11 —, —S— or optionally substituted C 1 -C 4 -alkylene (e.g. —CH 2 —, 1,2-ethylene or 1,3-popylene). In connection with X 1 , substituted C 1 -C 4 -alkylene in particular includes C 1 -C 4 -alkylene substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -haloalkyl and cyano. Additionally, X 1 may be optionally substituted C 2 -C 4 -alkenylen or optionally substituted C 2 -C 4 -alkynylene (e.g. propynylene). In connection with X 1 , substituted C 2 -C 4 -alkenylene or substituted C 2 -C 4 -alkynylene in particular includes C 2 -C 4 -alkenylene or C 2 -C 4 -alkynylene substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -haloalkyl and cyano. Preferably, X 1 is —O—, —NR 11 , —S—. More preferably, X 1 is —O—. Alternatively, it is preferred if X 1 is optionally substituted C 1 -C 4 -alkylene (e.g. —CH 2 —, 1,2-ethylene or 1,3-propylene).
According to a particular embodiment, A 2 is a bond and X 1 is optionally substituted C 1 -C 4 -alkylene, optionally substituted C 2 -C 4 -alkenylene or optionally substituted C 2 -C 4 -alkynylene.
According to a particular embodiment, R 1 —W-A 1 -Q-Y-A 2 -X 1 — is R 1 —S(O) 2 —NH-A 2 -X 1 —, R 1 —NH—S(O) 2 -A 2 -X 1 —, R 1 —C(O)—NH-A 2 -X 1 — or R 1 —NH—C(O)-A 2 -X 1 —.
According to a particular embodiment, the structural element —Y-A 2 -X 1 — comprises at least 2, 3 or 4 atoms in the main chain. According to further particular embodiments the structural element —Y-A 2 -X 1 — has up to 4, 5 or 6 atoms in the main chain, such as 2 to 6, 2 to 5 or 2 to 4 atoms in the main chain, especially 2, 3 or 4 atoms in the main chain.
According to a further particular embodiment, —Y-A 2 -X 1 — is —C 1 -C 4 -alkylene-O— or —NR 9 —C 1 -C 4 -alkylene-O—, with —Y-A 2 -X 1 — preferably having 2 to 6, 3 to 5 and especially 4 atoms in the main chain. Particular examples of —Y-A 2 -X 1 — include —(CH 2 ) 3 —O— and —NR 9 —(CH 2 ) 2 —O—. In this particular embodiment, R 9 is as defined herein and preferably R 9 is hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl (e.g. methyl or ethyl) or C 3 -C 12 -cycloalkyl (e.g. cyclopropyl), or R 9 is C 1 -C 4 -alkylene that is bound to a carbon atom in A 2 which is C 1 -C 4 -alkylene.
According to a further particular embodiment, —Y-A 2 -X 1 — is —NR 9 —C 1 -C 4 -alkylene- (e.g. —NH—CH 2 —, —NH—(CH 2 ) 2 — or —NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —), with —Y-A 2 -X 1 — preferably having 2 to 6, 2 to 5, 2 to 4 and especially 2, 3 or 4 atoms in the main chain. In this particular embodiment, R 9 is as defined herein and preferably R 9 is hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl (e.g. methyl or ethyl) or C 3 -C 12 -cycloalkyl (e.g. cyclopropyl); or R 9 is C 1 -C 4 -alkylene that is bound to a carbon atom in X 1 which is C 1 -C 4 -alkylene.
According to a further particular embodiment, —Y-A 2 -X 1 — is —NR 9 —C 2 -C 4 -alkenylene- or —NR 9 —C 2 -C 4 -alkynylene- (e.g. —NH—CH 2 —C≡C—), with —Y-A 2 -X 1 — preferably having 2 to 6, 3 to 5 and especially 4 atoms in the main chain. In this particular embodiment, R 9 is as defined herein and preferably is R 9 is hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl (e.g. methyl or ethyl) or C 3 -C 12 -cycloalkyl (e.g. cyclopropyl or cyclobutyl). If A is a heterocyclic ring, this embodiment of —Y-A 2 -X 1 — is particularly suitable.
According to a further particular embodiment, —Y-A 2 -X 1 — is —C 1 -C 4 -alkylene- (e.g. —(CH 2 ) 2 —), with —Y-A 2 -X 1 — preferably having 2 to 6, 2 to 5, 2 to 4 and especially 2 atoms in the main chain. If A is a heterocyclic ring, this embodiment of —Y-A 2 -X 1 — is particularly suitable.
According to a further particular embodiment, the structural motif —Y-A 2 -X 1 as disclosed herein is bound to Q being —S(O) 2 — or —C(O)—. Particular examples for this embodiment include heterocyclic compounds of the invention wherein R is R 1 —S(O) 2 —Y-A 2 -X 1 or R 1 —C(O)—Y-A 2 -X 1 .
The radical R and in particular the radical R 1 —W-A 1 -Q-Y-A 2 -X 1 — may, in principle, be bound to the 6-, 7-, 8, or 9-position of the benzazepine skeleton:
In said formulae, R 1 , W, A 1 , Q, Y, A 2 , X 1 , R 2 , A 3 , R 3 , R 4 , X 2 , X 3 , R 5 are as defined herein.
Further particular examples include benzazepine derivatives of the above formulae wherein the radical R 1 —W-A 1 -Q-Y-A 2 -X 1 — is replaced by the radical —CN.
Benzazepine derivatives having the radical R 1 —W-A 1 -Q-Y-A 2 -X 1 — (or the radical —CN) in the 7-, 8-, 9-position are preferred.
Particularly preferred are benzazepine derivatives having the radical R 1 —W-A 1 -Q-Y-A 2 -X 1 — (or the radical —CN) in the 8-position.
In addition to the radical R 1 —W-A 1 -Q-Y-A 2 -X 1 — (or the radical —CN), the benzazepine derivatives of the invention may have one or more than one further substituent bound to the benzene ring. In these positions, the skeleton of the benzazepine derivatives may thus be substituted with one or more than one radical R 2 . If there is more than one radical R 2 , these may be the same or different radicals. In particular, in 6-, 7-, 8- and/or 9-position, the benzazepine skeleton may be substituted with one or more than one radical R 2 . The benzazepine derivatives of the invention may therefore be represented by one of the following formulae:
or by corresponding formulae wherein the radical R 1 —W-A 1 -Q-Y-A 2 -X 1 — is replaced by the radical —CN,
wherein R 2a , R 2b , R 2c , R 2d independently have one of the meanings given for R 2 , and R 1 , W, A 1 , Q, Y, A 2 , X 1 , R 2 , A 3 , R 3 , R 4 , X 2 , X 3 , R 5 are as defined herein.
R 2 is hydrogen, halogen (e.g. fluorine), C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, halogenated C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, hydroxy-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, —CN, C 2 -C 6 -alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 -alkynyl, optionally substituted C 6 -C 12 -aryl, hydroxy, C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, halogenated C 1 -C 6 -alkoxy, C 1 -C 6 -alkoxycarbonyl, C 2 -C 6 -alkenyloxy, C 6 -C 12 -aryl-C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy, C 1 -C 6 -alkylcarbonyloxy, C 1 -C 6 -alkylthio, C 1 -C 6 -alkylsulfinyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkylsulfonyl, aminosulfonyl, amino, C 1 -C 6 -alkylamino, C 2 -C 6 -alkenylamino, nitro or optionally substituted C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyl, or two radicals R 2 together with the ring atoms to which they are bound form a 5- or 6 membered ring.
An optionally substituted 5- or 6-membered ring that is formed by two radicals R 2 together with the ring atoms of A to which they are bound is, for instance, a benzene ring.
In connection with R 2 , substituted C 6 -C 12 -aryl in particular includes C 6 -C 12 -aryl, such as phenyl, substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen and C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -haloalkyl, cyano, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy and C 1 -C 4 -haloalkoxy.
In connection with R 2 , substituted C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyl in particular includes C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyl, such as morpholinyl, pyrrolidinyl and piperidinyl, substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -haloalkyl, cyano, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy and C 1 -C 4 -haloalkoxy.
Preferably, R 2 is hydrogen, halogen (e.g. fluorine) or C 1 -C 6 -alkoxy. In particular, R 2 is hydrogen or halogen (e.g. fluorine).
According to a particular embodiment, the benzazepine derivatives of the invention have one of the following formulae:
or a corresponding formula wherein the radical R 1 —W-A 1 -Q-Y-A 2 -X 1 — is replaced by the radical —CN,
wherein R 1 , W, A 1 , Q, Y, A 2 , X 1 , R 2 , A 3 , R 3 , R 4 , X 2 , X 3 , R 5 are as defined herein.
Particularly preferred are benzazepine derivatives of the following formula:
wherein R 1 , W, A 1 , Q, Y, A 2 , X 1 , R 2 , A 3 , R 3 , R 4 , X 2 , X 3 , R 5 are as defined herein, with R 2 preferably being halogen, in particular fluorine.
A 3 is —CH 2 —, —O—, —NR 16 —, or —S—. If A 3 is —CH 2 —, the compounds of formula (I) are referred to as 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepines. If A 3 is —O—, the compounds of formula (I) are referred to as 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[f][1,4]oxazepines. If A 3 is —NR 16 —, the compounds of formula (I) are referred to as 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[e][1,4]diazepines. If A 3 is —S—, the compounds of formula (I) are referred to as 6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5-thia-8-azabenzocycloheptenes. According to a particular embodiment, A 3 is —CH 2 —, —O— or —S—.
In 1-, 3-, 4- and/or 5-position, the benzazepine derivatives of the invention may be substituted with one or more than one radical R 3 . If there is more than one radical R 3 , these may be the same or different radicals. The benzazepine derivatives of the invention may therefore be represented by the following formula:
wherein A 3 is —CR 3a R 3b —, —O—, —NR 16 —, or —S; R 3a , R 3b , R 3c , R 3d , R 3e , R 3f , R 3g independently have one of the meanings given for R 3 ; and R, R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , X 2 , X 3 , R 5 , R 16 are as defined herein.
R 3 is hydrogen, halogen, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkoxy, or two radicals R 3 together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a carbonyl group.
Preferably, R 3 is hydrogen or C 1 -C 6 -alkyl. In particular, R 3 is hydrogen.
R 4 is hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl (e.g. methyl, ethyl, n-propyl or isopropyl), C 3 -C 12 -cycloalkyl-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl (e.g. cyclopropylmethyl), halogenated C 1 -C 4 -alkyl (e.g. 2-fluoroethyl or 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl), hydroxy-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkoxy-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, amino-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 6 -C 12 -aryl-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 3 -C 12 -cycloalkyl (e.g. cyclopropyl), CH 2 CN, —CHO, C 1 -C 4 -alkylcarbonyl (e.g. methylcarbonyl, ethylcarbonyl or isopropylcarbonyl), (halogenated C 1 -C 4 -alkyl)carbonyl (e.g. fluoromethylcarbonyl, difluoromethylcarbonyl, trifluoromethylcarbonyl, 1,1,1-trifluoroeth-2-ylcarbonyl or 1,1,1-trifluoroprop-3-ylcarbonyl), C 6 -C 12 -arylcarbonyl (e.g. phenylcarbonyl), C 1 -C 4 -alkoxycarbonyl (e.g. ethoxycarbonyl or tert-butyloxycarbonyl), C 6 -C 12 -aryloxycarbonyl (e.g. phenoxycarbonyl), C 1 -C 6 -alkylaminocarbonyl, C 2 -C 6 -alkenyl, —C(═NH)NH 2 , —C(═NH)NHCN, C 1 -C 6 -alkylsulfonyl, C 6 -C 12 -arylsulfonyl, amino, —NO or C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyl (e.g. 3-oxetanyl).
Preferably, R 4 is hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl (e.g. methyl, ethyl, n-propyl or isopropyl), C 3 -C 12 -cycloalkyl-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl (e.g. cyclopropylmethyl), halogenated C 1 -C 4 -alkyl (e.g. 2-fluoroethyl or 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl), amino-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 6 -C 12 -aryl-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 3 -C 12 -cycloalkyl (e.g. cyclopropyl), CH 2 CN, C 1 -C 4 -alkylcarbonyl (e.g. methylcarbonyl or isopropylcarbonyl), (halogenated C 1 -C 4 -alkyl)carbonyl (e.g. fluoromethylcarbonyl, difluoromethylcarbonyl or trifluoromethylcarbonyl), C 6 -C 12 -arylcarbonyl (e.g. phenylcarbonyl), C 1 -C 4 -alkoxycarbonyl (e.g. ethoxycarbonyl or tert-butyloxycarbonyl), C 6 -C 12 -aryloxycarbonyl (e.g. phenoxycarbonyl), —C(═NH)NH 2 , —C(═NH)NHCN, C 1 -C 6 -alkylsulfonyl, amino, —NO or C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyl (e.g. 3-oxetanyl).
In particular, R 4 is hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl (e.g. methyl, ethyl or n-propyl), C 3 -C 12 -cycloalkyl (e.g. cyclopropyl) or C 3 -C 12 -cycloalkyl-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl (e.g. cyclopropylmethyl).
X 2 is —O—, —NR 6 —, —S—, >CR 12a R 12b or a bond. Preferably, X 2 is >CR 12a R 12b .
X 3 is —O—, —NR 7 —, —S—, >CR 13a R 13b or a bond. Preferably, X 3 is a bond.
Thus, it is preferred if X 2 is >CR 12a R 12b and X 3 is a bond.
R 12a is hydrogen, optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkylamino-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, di-C 1 -C 6 -alkylamino-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyl-C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, optionally substituted C 6 -C 12 -aryl or hydroxy. Preferably, R 12a is hydrogen or C 1 -C 6 -alkyl.
R 13a is hydrogen, optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkylamino-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, di-C 1 -C 6 -alkylamino-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyl-C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, optionally substituted C 6 -C 12 -aryl or hydroxy. Preferably, R 13a is hydrogen or C 1 -C 6 -alkyl.
In connection with R 12a and R 13a , substituted C 1 -C 6 -alkyl in particular includes C 1 -C 6 -alkyl substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy and amino.
In connection with R 12a and R 13a , substituted C 6 -C 12 -aryl in particular includes C 6 -C 12 -aryl, such as phenyl, substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -haloalkyl, cyano, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy and C 1 -C 4 -haloalkoxy.
R 12b is hydrogen or C 1 -C 6 -alkyl. According to a particular embodiment, R 12b is hydrogen.
R 13b is hydrogen or C 1 -C 6 -alkyl. According to a particular embodiment, R 13b is hydrogen.
Alternatively, R 12a and R 12b , or R 13a and R 13b , together are together are carbonyl or, preferably, optionally substituted C 1 -C 4 -alkylene (e.g. 1,3-propylene), wherein one —CH 2 — of C 1 -C 4 -alkylene may be replaced by an oxygen atom or —NR 14 —.
In connection with R 12a and R 12b , or R 13a and R 13b , substituted C 1 -C 4 -alkylene in particular includes C 1 -C 4 -alkylene substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -haloalkyl, cyano, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy and C 1 -C 4 -haloalkoxy.
According to a particular embodiment, R 12a is C 1 -C 6 -alkyl and R 12b is hydrogen or C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, or R 13a is C 1 -C 6 -alkyl and R 13b is hydrogen or C 1 -C 6 -alkyl.
According to a further particular embodiment, R 12a is hydrogen and R 12b is hydrogen, or R 13a is hydrogen and R 13b is hydrogen.
According to a further particular embodiment, R 12a and R 12b together are optionally substituted 1,3-propylene, or R 13a and R 13b together are optionally substituted 1,3-propylene.
R 5 is optionally substituted C 6 -C 12 -aryl (e.g. phenyl, 2-fluorophenyl, 2-chlorophenyl, 3-fluorophenyl, 3-chlorophenyl; 3-cyanophenyl, 3-methylphenyl, 3-trifluoromethylphenyl, 3-methoxyphenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 4-chlorophenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, 3,4-difluorophenyl, 3,5-difluorophenyl, 3-fluoro-5-chlorophenyl, 3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl or 3,4-dichlorophenyl,), optionally substituted C 3 -C 12 -cycloalkyl (e.g. cyclohexyl) or optionally substituted C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyl.
In connection with R 5 , substituted C 3 -C 12 -cycloalkyl in particular includes C 3 -C 12 -cycloalkyl, such as cyclopropyl or cyclohexyl, substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, halogenated C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, CN, hydroxy, C 1 -C 6 -alkoxy, halogenated C 1 -C 6 -alkoxy, amino, C 1 -C 6 -alkylamino, di-C 1 -C 6 -alkylamino and C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyl.
In connection with R 5 , substituted C 6 -C 12 -aryl in particular includes C 6 -C 12 -aryl, such as phenyl, substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen (e.g. F, Cl, Br), optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 -alkyl (e.g. methyl), halogenated C 1 -C 6 -alkyl (e.g. trifluoromethyl), CN, hydroxy, C 1 -C 6 -alkoxy (e.g. methoxy), halogenated C 1 -C 6 -alkoxy, amino, C 1 -C 6 -alkylamino, di-C 1 -C 6 -alkylamino and C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyl.
In connection with R 5 , substituted C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyl in particular includes C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyl substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, halogenated C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, CN, hydroxy, C 1 -C 6 -alkoxy, halogenated C 1 -C 6 -alkoxy, amino, C 1 -C 6 -alkylamino, di-C 1 -C 6 -alkylamino and C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyl.
In connection with R 5 , C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyl in particular is C 3 -C 12 -heteroaryl.
Preferably, R 5 is optionally substituted C 6 -C 12 -aryl, in particular as in the benzazepine derivatives of the formula:
wherein R, R 2 , A 3 , R 3 , R 4 , X 2 , X 3 are as defined herein, and
R 17a , R 17b , R 17c , R 17d , R 17e independently are hydrogen, halogen (e.g. F, Cl or Br), optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 -alkyl (e.g. methyl), halogenated C 1 -C 6 -alkyl (e.g. trifluoromethyl), CN, hydroxy, C 1 -C 6 -alkoxy (e.g. methoxy), amino, C 1 -C 6 -alkylamino, di-C 1 -C 6 -alkylamino or C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyl.
It is also preferred if R 5 is optionally substituted C 6 -C 12 -heteroaryl, in particular as in the benzazepine derivatives of the formula:
wherein R, R 2 , A 3 , R 3 , R 4 , X 2 , X 3 are as defined herein, and
R 17b , R 17c , R 17d , R 17e independently are hydrogen, halogen (e.g. F, Cl or Br), optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 -alkyl (e.g. methyl), halogenated C 1 -C 6 -alkyl (e.g. trifluoromethyl), CN, hydroxy, C 1 -C 6 -alkoxy (e.g. methoxy), amino, C 1 -C 6 -alkylamino, di-C 1 -C 6 -alkylamino or C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyl.
According to a particular embodiment, the invention relates to benzazepine derivatives of the formula:
wherein R, R 2 , A 3 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 are as defined herein, R 5 preferably being optionally substituted aryl and in particular optionally substituted phenyl as disclosed herein.
In connection with R 5 or R 17a , R 17b , R 17c , R 17d , R 17e , substituted C 1 -C 6 -alkyl in particular includes C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, especially C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, C 1 -C 6 -alkoxy, amino, C 1 -C 6 -alkylamino, di-C 1 -C 6 -alkylamino and C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyl (e.g. morpholinyl or piperidinyl).
According to a particular embodiment, R 17a , R 17b , R 17d , R 17e are hydrogen and R 17c is different from hydrogen (para-mono-substitution).
According to a further particular embodiment, R 17a , R 17c , R 17d , R 17e are hydrogen and R 17a is different from hydrogen (meta-mono-substitution).
According to a further particular embodiment, R 17a , R 17c , R 17d , R 17e are hydrogen and R 17a is different from hydrogen (meta-ortho-substitution).
In connection with R 17a , R 17b , R 17c , R 17d , R 17e , C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyl in particular includes morpholinyl, imidazolyl and pyrazolyl.
R 6 is hydrogen or C 1 -C 6 -alkyl. Preferably, R 6 is hydrogen.
R 7 is hydrogen or C 1 -C 6 -alkyl. Preferably, R 7 is hydrogen.
R 8 is hydrogen or C 1 -C 6 -alkyl. Preferably, R 8 is hydrogen.
R 9 is hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl (e.g. methyl or ethyl), C 3 -C 12 -cycloalkyl (e.g. cyclopropyl), amino-C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, optionally substituted C 6 -C 12 -aryl-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl or C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyl (e.g. 3-azetidinyl). Preferably, R 9 is hydrogen or C 1 -C 6 -alkyl (e.g. methyl or ethyl).
According to a particular embodiment, R 9 and R 1 together are C 1 -C 4 -alkylene (e.g. 1,3-1,2-ethylene or propylene) so as that R 9 and R 1 together with the atom in Q to which R 1 is bound and the nitrogen atom to which R 9 is bound form an heterocyclic ring having, in particular, 4, 5 or 6 ring member atoms (including the nitrogen atom and Q). With W and A 1 both being a bond, such a ring may be represented by the following partial structure:
wherein A 2 , X 1 , Q is as defined herein (e.g. S(O) 2 ) and n is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4.
According to a further particular embodiment, R 9 is C 1 -C 4 -alkylene (e.g. methylene or 1,3-propylene) that is bound to a carbon atom in A 2 and A 2 is C 1 -C 4 -alkylene so that R 9 and at least part of A 2 together with the nitrogen atom to which R 9 is bound form an N-containing heterocyclic ring having, in particular, 4, 5, 6 or 7 ring member atoms (including the nitrogen atom). Such a ring may be represented by the following partial structure:
wherein R 1 , W, A 1 , Q and X 1 are as defined herein, p is 1 or 2, r is 0, 1 or 2 and q is 0, 1 or 2. In this particular embodiment, X 1 preferably is —O—. Particular combinations of p, r and q include p=1, r=0, q=1; and p=1, r=0, q=0. Alternatively, p is 0, r is 3 and q is 1, with X 1 preferably being —O—.
According to a further particular embodiment, R 9 is C 1 -C 4 -alkylene (e.g. methylene or 1,3-propylene) that is bound to a carbon atom in X 1 and X 1 is C 1 -C 4 -alkylene (e.g. 1,2-ethylene) so that R 9 and at least part of X 1 together with the nitrogen atom to which R 9 is bound form an N-containing heterocyclic ring having, in particular, 4, 5, 6 or 7 ring member atoms (including the nitrogen atom). With A 2 being a bond, such a ring may be represented by the following partial structure:
wherein R 1 , W, A 1 and Q are as defined herein, p is 1 or 2, r is 0, 1 or 2 and q is 0, 1 or 2. Particular combinations of p, r and q include p=1, r=0, q=0.
R 10 is hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl or C 1 -C 6 -alkylsulfonyl. Preferably, R 10 is hydrogen.
R 11 is hydrogen or C 1 -C 6 -alkyl. Preferably, R 11 is hydrogen.
Alternatively, R 9 , R 11 together are C 1 -C 4 -alkylene (e.g. ethylene).
R 14 is hydrogen or C 1 -C 6 -alkyl. Preferably, R 14 is hydrogen.
R 15 is hydrogen or C 1 -C 6 -alkyl. Preferably, R 15 is hydrogen.
R 16 is hydrogen or C 1 -C 6 -alkyl. Preferably, R 16 is hydrogen or C 1 -C 6 -alkyl (e.g. methyl).
Particular embodiments of benzazepine derivatives of the invention result if
R is R 1 —W-A 1 -Q-Y-A 2 -X 1 —; R 1 is C 1 -C 6 -alkyl (e.g. ethyl or n-propyl), C 3 -C 12 -cycloalkyl-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl (e.g. cyclopropylmethyl), C 3 -C 12 -cycloalkyl (e.g. cyclobutyl), or optionally substituted C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyl (e.g. 3-pyridyl, 1-methyl-1,2-diazol-4-yl, 1-methyl-1,3-diazol-4-yl, 3-oxetanyl, 1-methyl-pyrrol-3-yl); W is a bond; A 1 is a bond; Q is —S(O) 2 —; Y is —NR 9 — or a bond; A 2 is C 1 -C 4 -alkylene (e.g. 1,2-ethylene) or a bond; X 1 is —O— or optionally substituted C 1 -C 4 -alkylene (e.g. methylene, 1,2-ethylene or 1,3-propylene); R 2 is hydrogen or halogen (e.g. fluorine); A 3 is —CH 2 —, —O—, —NR 16 , or —S—; R 3 is hydrogen; R 4 is hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl (e.g. methyl, ethyl or n-propyl), C 3 -C 12 -cycloalkyl (e.g. cyclopropyl) or or C 3 -C 12 -cycloalkyl-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl (e.g. cyclopropylmethyl); X 2 is >CR 12a R 12b ; X 3 is a bond; R 5 is optionally substituted phenyl (e.g. phenyl, 2-fluorophenyl, 2-chlorophenyl, 3-fluorophenyl, 3-chlorophenyl, 3-trifluoromethylphenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 4-chlorophenyl) or optionally substituted pyridyl (e.g. 2-pyridyl); R 9 is hydrogen, or R 9 is C 1 -C 4 -alkylene (e.g. methylene) that is bound to a carbon atom in X 1 and X 1 is C 1 -C 4 -alkylene (e.g. 1,2-ethylene); R 12a is hydrogen; R 12b is hydrogen; or R 12a , R 12b
together are C 1 -C 4 -alkylene (e.g. 1,3-propylene); and
R 16 is hydrogen or C 1 -C 6 -alkyl (e.g. methyl).
Further particular compounds of the present invention are the individual benzazepine derivatives of the formula (Id) as listed in the following tables 1 to 12 and physiologically tolerated salts thereof:
Table 1
Compounds of the formula (Id) wherein R 2 is hydrogen, R 3 is hydrogen, R 17 is hydrogen and the combination of R 1 , —Y-A 2 -X 1 —, >CR 12a R 12b , A 3 , R 4 for a compound in each case corresponds to one line of Table A (A-1 to A-448).
Table 2
Compounds of the formula (Id) wherein R 2 is hydrogen, R 3 is hydrogen, R 17 is 3-F and the combination of R 1 , —Y-A 2 -X 1 —, >CR 12a R 12b , A 3 , R 4 for a compound in each case corresponds to one line of Table A (A-1 to A-448).
Table 3
Compounds of the formula (Id) wherein R 2 is hydrogen, R 3 is hydrogen, R 17 is 3-Cl and the combination of R 1 , —Y-A 2 -X 1 —, >CR 12a R 12b —, A 3 , R 4 for a compound in each case corresponds to one line of Table A (A-1 to A-448).
Table 4
Compounds of the formula (Id) wherein R 2 is hydrogen, R 3 is hydrogen, R 17 is 3-CF 3 and the combination of R 1 , —Y-A 2 -X 1 —, >CR 12a R 12b —, A 3 , R 4 for a compound in each case corresponds to one line of Table A (A-1 to A-448).
Table 5
Compounds of the formula (Id) wherein R 2 is hydrogen, R 3 is hydrogen, R 17 is 4-F and the combination of R 1 , —Y-A 2 -X 1 —, >CR 12a R 12b , A 3 , R 4 for a compound in each case corresponds to one line of Table A (A-1 to A-448).
Table 6
Compounds of the formula (Id) wherein R 2 is hydrogen, R 3 is hydrogen, R 17 is 4-Cl and the combination of R 1 , —Y-A 2 -X 1 —, >CR 12a R 12b , A 3 , R 4 for a compound in each case corresponds to one line of Table A (A-1 to A-448).
Table 7
Compounds of the formula (Id) wherein R 2 is 7-F, R 3 is hydrogen, R 17 is hydrogen and the combination of R 1 , —Y-A 2 -X 1 —, >CR 12a R 12b , A 3 , R 4 for a compound in each case corresponds to one line of Table A (A-1 to A-448).
Table 8
Compounds of the formula (Id) wherein R 2 is 7-F, R 3 is hydrogen, R 17 is 3-F and the combination of R 1 , —Y-A 2 -X 1 —, >CR 12a R 12b , A 3 , R 4 for a compound in each case corresponds to one line of Table A (A-1 to A-448).
Table 9
Compounds of the formula (Id) wherein R 2 is 7-F, R 3 is hydrogen, R 17 is 3-Cl and the combination of R 1 , —Y-A 2 -X 1 —, >CR 12a R 12b , A 3 , R 4 for a compound in each case corresponds to one line of Table A (A-1 to A-448).
Table 10
Compounds of the formula (Id) wherein R 2 is 7-F, R 3 is hydrogen, R 17 is 3-CF 3 and the combination of R 1 , —Y-A 2 -X 1 —, >CR 12a R 12b , A 3 , R 4 for a compound in each case corresponds to one line of Table A (A-1 to A-448).
Table 11
Compounds of the formula (Id) wherein R 2 is 7-F, R 3 is hydrogen, R 17 is 4-F and the combination of R 1 , —Y-A 2 -X 1 —, >CR 12a R 12b , A 3 , R 4 for a compound in each case corresponds to one line of Table A (A-1 to A-448).
Table 12
Compounds of the formula (Id) wherein R 2 is 7-F, R 3 is hydrogen, R 17 is 4-Cl and the combination of R 1 , —Y-A 2 -X 1 —, >CR 12a R 12b , A 3 , R 4 for a compound in each case corresponds to one line of Table A (A-1 to A-448).
R 1
—Y—A 2 —X 1 —
>CR 12a R 12b
A 3
R 4
A-1.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-2.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-3.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-4.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-5.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-6.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-7.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-8.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-9.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-10.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-11.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-12.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-13.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-14.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-15.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-16.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-17.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-18.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-19.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-20.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-21.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-22.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-23.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-24.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-25.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-26.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-27.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-28.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-29.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-30.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-31.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-32.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-33.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-34.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-35.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-36.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—H
A-37.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—H
A-38.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—H
A-39.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—H
A-40.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—H
A-41.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—H
A-42.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—H
A-43.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-44.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-45.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-46.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-47.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-48.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-49.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-50.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-51.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-52.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-53.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-54.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-55.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-56.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-57.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-58.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-59.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-60.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-61.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-62.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-63.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-64.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-65.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-66.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-67.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-68.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-69.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-70.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-71.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-72.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-73.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-74.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-75.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-76.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-77.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-78.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-79.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-80.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-81.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-82.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-83.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-84.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-85.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-86.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-87.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-88.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-89.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-90.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-91.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-92.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-93.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-94.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-95.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-96.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-97.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-98.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-99.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-100.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-101.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-102.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-103.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-104.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-105.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-106.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-107.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-108.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-109.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-110.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-111.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-112.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-113.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-114.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-115.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-116.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-117.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-118.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-119.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-120.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-121.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-122.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-123.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-124.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-125.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-126.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-127.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-128.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-129.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-130.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-131.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-132.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-133.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-134.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-135.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-136.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-137.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-138.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-139.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-140.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-141.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-142.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-143.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-144.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-145.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-146.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-147.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-148.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-149.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-150.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-151.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-152.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-153.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-154.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-155.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-156.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-157.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-158.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-159.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-160.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-161.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-162.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-163.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-164.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-165.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-166.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-167.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-168.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-169.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-170.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-171.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-172.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-173.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-174.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-175.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-176.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-177.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-178.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-179.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-180.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-181.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-182.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-183.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-184.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-185.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-186.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-187.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 —CH 2 CH 3
A-188.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-189.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-190.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-191.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-192.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-193.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-194.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-195.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-196.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-197.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-198.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-199.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-200.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-201.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-202.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-203.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-204.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-205.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-206.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-207.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-208.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-209.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-210.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-211.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-212.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-213.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-214.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-215.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-216.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-217.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-218.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-219.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-220.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-221.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-222.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-223.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-224.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-225.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—H
A-226.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—H
A-227.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—H
A-228.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—H
A-229.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—H
A-230.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—H
A-231.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—H
A-232.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—O—
—H
A-233.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—O—
—H
A-234.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—O—
—H
A-235.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—O—
—H
A-236.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—O—
—H
A-237.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—O—
—H
A-238.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—O—
—H
A-239.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—H
A-240.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—H
A-241.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—H
A-242.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—H
A-243.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—H
A-244.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—H
A-245.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—H
A-246.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—H
A-247.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—H
A-248.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—H
A-249.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—H
A-250.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—H
A-251.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—H
A-252.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—H
A-253.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—O—
—H
A-254.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—O—
—H
A-255.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—O—
—H
A-256.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—O—
—H
A-257.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—O—
—H
A-258.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—O—
—H
A-259.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—O—
—H
A-260.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—O—
—H
A-261.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—O—
—H
A-262.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—O—
—H
A-263.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—O—
—H
A-264.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—O—
—H
A-265.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—O—
—H
A-266.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—O—
—H
A-267.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—O—
—H
A-268.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—O—
—H
A-269.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—O—
—H
A-270.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—O—
—H
A-271.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—O—
—H
A-272.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—O—
—H
A-273.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—O—
—H
A-274.
—NH—CH 2 —
—O—
—H
A-275.
—NH—CH 2 —
—O—
—H
A-276.
—NH—CH 2 —
—O—
—H
A-277.
—NH—CH 2 —
—O—
—H
A-278.
—NH—CH 2 —
—O—
—H
A-279.
—NH—CH 2 —
—O—
—H
A-280.
—NH—CH 2 —
—O—
—H
A-281.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-282.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-283.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-284.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-285.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-286.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-287.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-288.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-289.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-290.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-291.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-292.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-293.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-294.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-295.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-296.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-297.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-298.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-299.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-300.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-301.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-302.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-303.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-304.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-305.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-306.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-307.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-308.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-309.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-310.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-311.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-312.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-313.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-314.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-315.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-316.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—O—
—CH 3
A-317.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—O—
—CH 3
A-318.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—O—
—CH 3
A-319.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—O—
—CH 3
A-320.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—O—
—CH 3
A-321.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—O—
—CH 3
A-322.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—O—
—CH 3
A-323.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-324.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-325.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-326.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-327.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-328.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-329.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-330.
—NH—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-331.
—NH—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-332.
—NH—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-333.
—NH—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-334.
—NH—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-335.
—NH—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-336.
—NH—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-337.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-338.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-339.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-340.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-341.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-342.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-343.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-344.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-345.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-346.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-347.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-348.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-349.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-350.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-351.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-352.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-353.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-354.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-355.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-356.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-357.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-358.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-359.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-360.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-361.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-362.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-363.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-364.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-365.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-366.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-367.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-368.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-369.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-370.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-371.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-372.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-373.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-374.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-375.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-376.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-377.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-378.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-379.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-380.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-381.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-382.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-383.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-384.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-385.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-386.
—NH—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-387.
—NH—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-388.
—NH—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-389.
—NH—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-390.
—NH—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-391.
—NH—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-392.
—NH—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-393.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-394.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-395.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-396.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-397.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-398.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-399.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 —CH 3
A-400.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-401.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-402.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-403.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-404.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-405.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-406.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-407.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-408.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-409.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-410.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-411.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-412.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-413.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-414.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-415.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-416.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-417.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-418.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-419.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-420.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-421.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-422.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-423.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-424.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-425.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-426.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-427.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-428.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-429.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-430.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-431.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-432.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-433.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-434.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-435.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-436.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-437.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-438.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-439.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-440.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-441.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-442.
—NH—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-443.
—NH—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-444.
—NH—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-445.
—NH—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-446.
—NH—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-447.
—NH—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-448.
—NH—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
Further particular compounds of the present invention are the individual benzazepine derivatives of the formula (Id) as listed in tables 1 to 12 and physiologically tolerated salts thereof wherein the radical R 1 —S(O) 2 —Y-A 2 -X 1 — is replaced by the radical —CN.
Further particular compounds of the present invention are the benzazepine derivatives disclosed in preparation examples and physiologically tolerated salts thereof. These include for each preparation example the exemplified compound as well as the corresponding free base and any other physiologically tolerated salts of the free base (if the exemplified compound is a salt), or any physiologically tolerated salt of the free base (if the exemplified compound is a free base). These further include enantiomers, diastereomers, tautomers and any other isomeric forms of said compounds, be they explicitly or implicitly disclosed.
The compounds of the formula (I) can be prepared by analogy to methods which are well known in the art. Suitable methods for the preparation of compounds of formula (I) are outlined in the following schemes.
The process depicted in scheme 1 is useful for obtaining benzazepine precursors of the general formula 3, wherein X 1 is —O— or —S— and A 3 is optionally substituted alkylene (e.g. —CH 2 —).
As shown in scheme 1, the compound of general formula 1 readily undergoes enamine alkylation to give the enamine 2 and after subsequent hydrolysis the compound of general formula 3.
In scheme 1, the variables X 2 , X 3 , R 5 are as defined herein, and L 1 represents an alkyl substituent (e.g. Me, Et, Bn).
The process depicted in scheme 1 is also useful for obtaining benzazepines, wherein X 1 is optionally substituted alkylene. In this case, L 1 is a group that represents, or can be converted into, the desired side chain R 1 —W-A 1 -Q-Y-A 2 -.
Alternatively, compounds of formula 3 can be prepared as described in scheme 2.
As shown in scheme 2, the compound of general formula 4 readily undergoes alkylation to give the compound of general formula 5. Conversion to the acid chloride and subsequent ring closure with ethylene in the presence of a Lewis acid (e.g. AlCl 3 ) affords compound 3 (e.g. J. Het. Chem., 23 (2), 343, 1986 and Bioorg. Med. Chem. Let, 17 (22), 6160, 2007).
In scheme 2, the variables X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , R 5 are as defined herein and L 1 and L 2 are suitable protecting groups (e.g. L 1 =Me, Et, Bn). Compounds 3 can be further converted to compounds of the general formula (I).
The process depicted in scheme 3 is useful for obtaining bezazepines, wherein X 1 is —O— or —S—, A 3 is optionally substituted alkylene (e.g. —CH 2 —), Y is —NR 9 —, and Q is —S(O) 2 .
Compounds of the general formula 3 readily undergo condensation reactions to the corresponding mixtures of E- and Z-oxims 4. The oxims can be transferred into the tosylates, which subsequently undergo a Beckmann rearrangement to give a mixture of lactames of the general formula 5 and 6 (e.g. Org. Lett. 2, 2373, 2000). Alternatively, the Beckmann rearrangement can be carried out under acidic conditions to convert the oxims 4 directly to the lactames 5 and 6. Lactames 5 and 6 can be separated (e.g. flash chromatography). Lactames 5 can be converted to the amines of the general formula 7 using LiAlH 4 or other well known reducing agents (BH 3 Me 2 S). Protection of the amino group with a suitable protecting group (e.g. L 2 =COOEt) leads to compounds of the general formula 8.
In scheme 3, the variables R 1 , W, A 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , X 2 , X 3 , R 5 , R 9 , A 2 are as defined herein and L 1 and L 2 are suitable protecting groups (e.g. L 1 =Me, Et, Bn, or tBuMe 2 Si; L 2 =COOtBu or COOEt).
The process depicted in scheme 4 is useful for obtaining benzazepines, wherein X 1 is methylene, A 2 is a bond, Y is —NR 9 —, and Q is —S(O) 2 .
Instead of the triflate 18, the corresponding bromide, iodide, or nonaflate can be used to prepare compound 19.
In scheme 4, the variables R 1 , W, A 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , X 2 , X 3 , R 5 , R 9 are as defined herein, and L 1 and L 2 are a suitable protecting group (e.g. L 1 =Me, Et, Bn, or tBuMe 2 Si; L 2 =COO t Bu or COOEt).
The process depicted in scheme 5 is useful for obtaining benzazepines, wherein X 1 is optionally substituted alkylene, A 2 is optionally substituted alkylene or a bond, Y is —NR 9 —, and Q is —S(O) 2 .
Instead of the trifluoroborate 24, the corresponding 9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]non-9-yl derivative can be used to prepare compound 25.
In scheme 5, the variables R 1 , W, A 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , X 2 , X 3 , R 5 , R 9 are as defined herein, and L 2 is a suitable protecting group (e.g. L 2 =COO t Bu or COOEt).
The process depicted in scheme 6 is useful for obtaining benzazepines, wherein X is —NR 11 —, A 2 is optionally substituted alkylene, Y is —NR 9 —, and Q is —S(O) 2 .
In scheme 6, the variables R 1 , W, A 1 , R 11 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , X 2 , X 3 , R 5 , R 9 are as defined herein, and L 2 and L 4 are a suitable protecting group (e.g. L 2 , L 4 =COO t Bu or COOEt).
The process depicted in scheme 7 is useful for obtaining benzoxazepine precursors of the general formula 39, wherein X′ is —O— or —S— and A 3 is —O—.
As shown in scheme 7, the compound of general formula 33 readily undergoes alkylation to give the compound of general formula 34. Deprotection leads to compounds of the general formula 35, which are converted via well known amide coupling reactions to the corresponding compounds of general formula 36 (e.g. EDC, DMAP). Amides of the general formula 36 undergo cyclization to imines of the formula 37 under Vilsmeier reaction conditions (e.g. POCl 3 , SOCl 2 , oxalyl chloride; see Chem. Ind. 1973, 870, Indian J. Chem., Sect. B (37B), 1998, 965, and Advances in Organic Chemistry (9), Pt. 1, 1976, 225). Re-duction of imins of the general formula 37 (e.g. with NaBH 4 ) readily gives the corresponding amines of general formula 38. Protection of the free amine with a suitable protecting group (e.g. L 2 =COO t Bu) yields compounds of the general formula 39. Introduction of the various side chains is performed as already described for the benzazepine derivatives in schemes 4 to 6.
In scheme 7, the variables R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , X 2 , X 3 , R 5 are as defined herein, L represents an alkyl substituent (e.g. Me, Et, Bn) and L 2 is a suitable protecting group (e.g. L 2 =COO t Bu or COOEt).
The process depicted in scheme 7 is also useful for obtaining benzazepines derivatives of formula (I), wherein A 3 is —S—, or NR 16 .
The acid addition salts of the benzazepine derivatives of formula (I) are prepared in a customary manner by mixing the free base with a corresponding acid, optionally in solution in an organic solvent, for example a lower alcohol, such as methanol, ethanol or propanol, an ether, such as methyl tert-butyl ether or diisopropyl ether, a ketone, such as acetone or methyl ethyl ketone, or an ester, such as ethyl acetate.
The benzazepines derivatives of formula (II):
wherein L is an amino-protecting group, Y is NR 9 , and A 2 , X 1 , R 2 , A 3 , R 3 , R 4 , X 2 , X 3 , R 5 are defined as herein are useful as intermediates in the preparation of GlyT1 inhibitors, in particular those of formula (I).
Suitable amino-protecting groups are well known in the art such as those described in Protective Groups in Organic Chemistry, ed. J. F. W. McOmie, Plenum Press, 1973; and T. W. Greene & P. G. M. Wuts, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, John Wiley & Sons, 1991.
According to a particular embodiment, L is optionally substituted alkylcarbonyl (e.g., tertbutylcarbonyl), optionally substituted arylcarbonyl, optionally substituted arylalkycarbonyl (e.g., benzylcarbonyl), optionally substituted alkoxycarbonyl (e.g., methoxycarbonyl or tert-butyloxycarbonyl), optionally substituted aryloxycarbonyl (e.g. phenoxycarbonyl) or optionally substituted arylalkoxycarbonyl.
The compounds of the formula (I) are capable of inhibiting the activity of glycine transporter, in particular glycine transporter 1 (GlyT1).
The utility of the compounds in accordance with the present invention as inhibiting the glycine transporter activity, in particular GlyT1 activity, may be demonstrated by methodology known in the art. For instance, human GlyT1c expressing recombinant hGlyT1c — 5_CHO cells can be used for measuring glycine uptake and its inhibition (IC 50 ) by a compound of formula (I).
Amongst the compounds of the formula (I) those are preferred which achieve effective inhibition at low concentrations. In particular, compounds of the formula (I) are preferred which inhibit glycine transporter 1 (GlyT1) at a level of IC 50 <1 μMol, more preferably at a level of IC 50 <0.5 μMol, particularly preferably at a level of IC 50 <0.2 μMol and most preferably at a level of IC 50 <0.1 μMol.
The compounds of formula (I) display good to moderate metabolic stability.
The metabolic stability of a compound can be measured for example by incubating a solution of this compound with liver microsomes from particular species (for example rat, dog or human) and determining the half-life of the compound under these conditions (RS Obach, Curr Opin Drug Discov Devel. 2001, 4, 36-44). It is possible in this connection to conclude from an observed longer half-life that the metabolic stability of the compound is improved. The stability in the presence of human liver microsomes is of particular interest because it makes it possible to predict the metabolic degradation of the compound in the human liver. Compounds with increased metabolic stability (measured in the liver microsome test) are therefore probably also degraded more slowly in the liver. The slower metabolic degradation in the liver may lead to higher and/or longer-lasting concentrations (active levels) of the compound in the body, so that the elimination half-life of the compounds of the invention is increased. Increased and/or longer-lasting active levels may lead to a better activity of the compound in therapeutic treatment. In addition, an improved metabolic stability may lead to an increased bioavailability after oral administration, because the compound is subject, after absorption in the intestine, to less metabolic degradation in the liver (so-called first pass effect). An increased oral bioavailability may, owing to an increased concentration (active level) of the compound, lead to a better activity of the compound after oral administration.
Amongst the compounds of the formula (I) those are particularly preferred which display good to moderate metabolic stability towards human liver microsomes. In particular, compounds of the formula (I) are preferred which display a microsomal clearance at a level of mCl <1000 μl/min/mg, more preferably at a level of mCl <500 μl/min/mg, particularly preferably at a level of mCl <100 μl/min/mg and most preferably at a level of mCl <50 μl/min/mg.
The compounds of the formula (I) according to the present invention are thus useful as pharmaceuticals.
The present invention therefore also relates to pharmaceutical compositions which comprise an inert carrier and a compound of the formula (I).
The present invention also relates to the use of the compounds of the formula (I) in the manufacture of a medicament for inhibiting the glycine transporter GlyT1, and to corresponding methods of inhibiting the glycine transporter GlyT1.
The NMDA receptor is central to a wide range of CNS processes, and its role in a variety of diseases in humans or other species has been described. GlyT1 inhibitors slow the removal of glycine from the synapse, causing the level of synaptic glycine to rise. This in turn increases the occupancy of the glycine binding site on the NMDA receptor, which increases activation of the NMDA receptor following glutamate release from the presynaptic terminal. Glycine transport inhibitors and in particular inhibitors of the glycine transporter GlyT1 are thus known to be useful in treating a variety of neurologic and psychiatric disorders. Further, glycine A receptors play a role in a variety of diseases in humans or other species. Increasing extracellular glycine concentrations by inhibiting glycine trans-port may enhance the activity of glycine A receptors. Glycine transport inhibitors and in particular inhibitors of the glycine transporter GlyT1 are thus useful in treating a variety of neurologic and psychiatric disorders.
The present invention thus further relates to the use of the compounds of the formula (I) for the manufacture of a medicament for treating a neurologic or psychiatric disorder, and to corresponding methods of treating said disorders.
According to a particular embodiment, the disorder is associated with glycinergic or glutamatergic neurotransmission dysfunction.
According to a further particular embodiment, the disorder is one or more of the following conditions or diseases: schizophrenia or a psychotic disorder including schizophrenia (paranoid, disorganized, catatonic or undifferentiated), schizophreniform disorder, schizoaffective disorder, delusional disorder, brief psychotic disorder, shared psychotic disorder, psychotic disorder due to a general medical condition and substance-induced psychotic disorder, including both the positive and the negative symptoms of schizophrenia and other psychoses; cognitive disorders including dementia (associated with Alzheimer's disease, ischemia, multi-infarct dementia, trauma, vascular problems or stroke, HIV disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Pick's disease, Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease, perinatal hypoxia, other general medical conditions or substance abuse); delirium, amnestic disorders or cognitive impairment including age related cognitive decline; anxiety disorders including acute stress disorder, agoraphobia, generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic attack, panic disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, separation anxiety disorder, social phobia, specific phobia, substance-induced anxiety disorder and anxiety due to a general medical condition; substance-related disorders and addictive behaviors (including substance-induced delirium, persisting dementia, persisting amnestic disorder, psychotic disorder or anxiety disorder; tolerance, dependence or withdrawal from substances including alcohol, amphetamines, cannabis, cocaine, hallucinogens, inhalants, nicotine, opioids, phencyclidine, sedatives, hypnotics or anxiolytics); obesity, bulimia nervosa and compulsive eating disorders; bipolar disorders, mood disorders including depressive disorders; depression including unipolar depression, seasonal depression and post-partum depression, premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PDD), mood disorders due to a general medical condition, and substance-induced mood disorders; learning disorders, pervasive developmental disorder including autistic disorder, attention deficit disorders including attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and conduct disorder; movement disorders, including akinesias and akinetic-rigid syndromes (including Parkinson's disease, drug-induced parkinsonism, postencephalitic parkinsonism, progressive supranuclear palsy, multiple system atrophy, corticobasal degeneration, parkinsonism-ALS dementia complex and basal ganglia calcification), medication-induced parkinsonism (such as neuroleptic-induced parkinsonism, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, neuroleptic-induced acute dystonia, neuroleptic-induced acute akathisia, neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia and medication-induced postural tremor), Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome, epilepsy, muscular spasms and disorders associated with muscular spasticity or weakness including tremors; dyskinesias [including tremor (such as rest tremor, postural tremor and intention tremor), chorea (such as Sydenham's chorea, Huntington's disease, benign hereditary chorea, neuroacanthocytosis, symptomatic chorea, drug-induced chorea and hemiballism), myoclonus (including generalised myoclonus and focal myoclonus), tics (including simple tics, complex tics and symptomatic tics), and dystonia (including generalised dystonia such as iodiopathic dystonia, drug-induced dystonia, symptomatic dystonia and paroxymal dystonia, and focal dystonia such as blepharospasm, oromandibular dystonia, spasmodic dysphonia, spasmodic torticollis, axial dystonia, dystonic writer's cramp and hemiplegic dystonia)]; urinary incontinence; neuronal damage including ocular damage, retinopathy or macular degeneration of the eye, tinnitus, hearing impairment and loss, and brain edema; emesis; and sleep disorders including insomnia and narcolepsy.
According to a further particular embodiment, the disorder is pain, in particular chronic pain and especially neuropathic pain.
Pain can be classified as acute and chronic pain. Acute pain and chronic pain differ in their etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment.
Acute pain, which occurs following tissue injury, is self-limiting, serves as an alert to ongoing tissue damage and following tissue repair it will usually subside. There are minimal psychological symptoms associated with acute pain apart from mild anxiety. Acute pain is nociceptive in nature and occurs following chemical, mechanical and thermal stimulation of A-delta and C-polymodal pain receptors.
Chronic pain, on the other hand, serves no protective biological function. Rather than being the symptom of tissue damage it is a disease in its own right. Chronic pain is unrelenting and not self-limiting and can persist for years, perhaps decades after the initial injury. Chronic pain can be refractory to multiple treatment regimes. Psychological symptoms associated with chronic pain include chronic anxiety, fear, depression, sleeplessness and impairment of social interaction. Chronic non-malignant pain is predominantly neuropathic in nature and involves damage to either the peripheral or central nervous systems.
Acute pain and chronic pain are caused by different neuro-physiological processes and therefore tend to respond to different types of treatments. Acute pain can be somatic or visceral in nature. Somatic pain tends to be a well localised, constant pain and is described as sharp, aching, throbbing or gnawing. Visceral pain, on the other hand, tends to be vague in distribution, paroxysmal in nature and is usually described as deep, aching, squeezing or colicky in nature. Examples of acute pain include post-operative pain, pain associated with trauma and the pain of arthritis. Acute pain usually responds to treatment with opioids or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
Chronic pain, in contrast to acute pain, is described as burning, electric, tingling and shooting in nature. It can be continuous or paroxysmal in presentation. The hallmarks of chronic pain are chronic allodynia and hyperalgesia. Allodynia is pain resulting from a stimulus that normally does not ellicit a painful response, such as a light touch. Hyperalgesia is an increased sensitivity to normally painful stimuli. Primary hyperalgesia occurs immediately within the area of the injury. Secondary hyperalgesia occurs in the undamaged area surrounding the injury. Examples of chronic pain include complex regional pain syndrome, pain arising from peripheral neuropathies, post-operative pain, chronic fatigue syndrome pain, tension-type headache, pain arising from mechanical nerve injury and severe pain associated with diseases such as cancer, metabolic disease, neurotropic viral disease, neurotoxicity, inflammation, multiple sclerosis or any pain arising as a consequence of or associated with stress or depressive illness.
Although opioids are cheap and effective, serious and potentially life-threatening side effects occur with their use, most notably respiratory depression and muscle rigidity. In addition the doses of opioids which can be administered are limited by nausea, emesis, constipation, pruritis and urinary retention, often resulting in patients electing to receive suboptimal pain control rather than suffer these distressing side-effects. Furthermore, these side-effects often result in patients requiring extended hospitalisation. Opioids are highly addictive and are scheduled drugs in many territories.
The compounds of formula (I) are particularly useful in the treatment of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression including unipolar depression, seasonal depression and post-partum depression, premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PDD), learning disorders, pervasive developmental disorder including autistic disorder, attention deficit disorders including Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, tic disorders including Tourette's disorder, anxiety disorders including phobia and post traumatic stress disorder, cognitive disorders associated with dementia, AIDS dementia, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's disease, spasticity, myoclonus, muscle spasm, tinnitus and hearing impairment and loss are of particular importance.
Particular cognitive disorders are dementia, delirium, amnestic disorders and cognitive impartment including age-related cognitive decline.
Particular anxiety disorders are generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder and panic attack.
Particular schizophrenia or psychosis pathologies are paranoid, disorganized, catatonic or undifferentiated schizophrenia and substance-induced psychotic disorder.
Particular neurologic disorders that can be treated with the compounds of the formula (I) include in particular a cognitive disorder such as dementia, cognitive impairment, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Particular psychiatric disorders that can be treated with the compounds of the formula (I) include in particular an anxiety disorder, a mood disorder such as depression or a bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, a psychotic disorder.
Within the context of the treatment, the use according to the invention of the compounds of the formula (I) involves a method. In this method, an effective quantity of one or more compounds or the formula (I), as a rule formulated in accordance with pharmaceutical and veterinary practice, is administered to the individual to be treated, preferably a mammal, in particular a human being. Whether such a treatment is indicated, and in which form it is to take place, depends on the individual case and is subject to medical assessment (diagnosis) which takes into consideration signs, symptoms and/or malfunctions which are present, the risks of developing particular signs, symptoms and/or malfunctions, and other factors.
As a rule, the treatment is effected by means of single or repeated daily administration, where appropriate together, or alternating, with other drugs or drug-containing preparations.
The invention also relates to the manufacture of pharmaceutical compositions for treating an individual, preferably a mammal, in particular a human being. Thus, the compounds of the formula (I) are customarily administered in the form of pharmaceutical compositions which comprise an inert carrier (e.g. a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient) together with at least one compound according to the invention and, where appropriate, other drugs. These compositions can, for example, be administered orally, rectally, transdermally, subcutaneously, intravenously, intramuscularly or intranasally.
Examples of suitable pharmaceutical formulations are solid medicinal forms, such as powders, granules, tablets, in particular film tablets, lozenges, sachets, cachets, sugarcoated tablets, capsules, such as hard gelatin capsules and soft gelatin capsules, suppositories or vaginal medicinal forms, semisolid medicinal forms, such as ointments, creams, hydrogels, pastes or plasters, and also liquid medicinal forms, such as solutions, emulsions, in particular oil-in-water emulsions, suspensions, for example lotions, injection preparations and infusion preparations, and eyedrops and eardrops. Implanted release devices can also be used for administering inhibitors according to the invention. In addition, it is also possible to use liposomes or microspheres.
When producing the compositions, the compounds according to the invention are optionally mixed or diluted with one or more carriers (excipients). Carriers (excipients) can be solid, semisolid or liquid materials which serve as vehicles, carriers or medium for the active compound.
Suitable carriers (excipients) are listed in the specialist medicinal monographs. In addition, the formulations can comprise pharmaceutically acceptable auxiliary substances, such as wetting agents; emulsifying and suspending agents; preservatives; antioxidants; antiirritants; chelating agents; coating auxiliaries; emulsion stabilizers; film formers; gel formers; odor masking agents; taste corrigents; resin; hydrocolloids; solvents; solubilizers; neutralizing agents; diffusion accelerators; pigments; quaternary ammonium compounds; refatting and overfatting agents; raw materials for ointments, creams or oils; silicone derivatives; spreading auxiliaries; stabilizers; sterilants; suppository bases; tablet auxiliaries, such as binders, fillers, glidants, disintegrants or coatings; propellants; drying agents; opacifiers; thickeners; waxes; plasticizers and white mineral oils. A formulation in this regard is based on specialist knowledge as described, for example, in Fiedler, H. P., Lexikon der Hilfsstoffe für Pharmazie, Kosmetik and angrenzende Gebiete [Encyclopedia of auxiliary substances for pharmacy, cosmetics and related fields], 4 th edition, Aulendorf: ECVEditio-Cantor-Verlag, 1996.
The compounds of formula (I) may also be suitable for combination with other therapeutic agents.
Thus, the present invention also provides:
i) a combination comprising a compound of formula (I) with one or more further therapeutic agents;
ii) a pharmaceutical composition comprising a combination product as defined in i) above and at least one carrier, diluent or excipient;
iii) the use of a combination as defined in i) above in the manufacture of a medicament for treating or preventing a disorder, disease or condition as defined herein;
iv) a combination as defined in i) above for use in treating or preventing a disorder, disease or condition as defined herein;
v) a kit-of-parts for use in the treatment of a disorder, disease or condition as defined herein, comprising a first dosage form comprising a compound of formula (I) and one or more further dosage forms each comprising one or more further therapeutic agents for simultaneous therapeutic administration,
vi) a combination as defined in i) above for use in therapy;
vii) a method of treatment or prevention of a disorder, disease or condition as defined herein comprising administering an effective amount of a combination as defined in i) above;
viii) a combination as defined in i) above for treating or preventing a disorder, disease or condition as defined herein.
The combination therapies of the invention may be administered adjunctively. By adjunctive administration is meant the coterminous or overlapping administration of each of the components in the form of separate pharmaceutical compositions or devices. This regime of therapeutic administration of two or more therapeutic agents is referred to generally by those skilled in the art and herein as adjunctive therapeutic administration; it is also known as add-on therapeutic administration. Any and all treatment regimes in which a patient receives separate but coterminous or overlapping therapeutic administration of the compounds of formula (I) and at least one further therapeutic agent are within the scope of the current invention. In one embodiment of adjunctive therapeutic administration as described herein, a patient is typically stabilized on a therapeutic administration of one or more of the components for a period of time and then receives administration of another component.
The combination therapies of the invention may also be administered simultaneously. By simultaneous administration is meant a treatment regime wherein the individual components are administered together, either in the form of a single pharmaceutical composition or device comprising or containing both components, or as separate compositions or devices, each comprising one of the components, administered simultaneously. Such combinations of the separate individual components for simultaneous combination may be provided in the form of a kit-of-parts.
In a further aspect, the invention provides a method of treatment of a psychotic disorder by adjunctive therapeutic administration of compounds of formula (I) to a patient receiving therapeutic administration of at least one antipsychotic agent. In a further aspect, the invention provides the use of compounds of formula (I) in the manufacture of a medicament for adjunctive therapeutic administration for the treatment of a psychotic disorder in a patient receiving therapeutic administration of at least one antipsychotic agent. The invention further provides compounds of formula (I) for use for adjunctive therapeutic administration for the treatment of a psychotic disorder in a patient receiving therapeutic administration of at least one antipsychotic agent.
In a further aspect, the invention provides a method of treatment of a psychotic disorder by adjunctive therapeutic administration of at least one antipsychotic agent to a patient receiving therapeutic administration of compounds of formula (I). In a further aspect, the invention provides the use of at least one antipsychotic agent in the manufacture of a medicament for adjunctive therapeutic administration for the treatment of a psychotic disorder in a patient receiving therapeutic administration of compounds of formula (I). The invention further provides at least one antipsychotic agent for adjunctive therapeutic administration for the treatment of a psychotic disorder in a patient receiving therapeutic administration of compounds of formula (I).
In a further aspect, the invention provides a method of treatment of a psychotic disorder by simultaneous therapeutic administration of compounds of formula (I) in combination with at least one antipsychotic agent. The invention further provides the use of a combination of compounds of formula (I) and at least one antipsychotic agent in the manufacture of a medicament for simultaneous therapeutic administration in the treatment of a psychotic disorder. The invention further provides a combination of compounds of formula (I) and at least one antipsychotic agent for simultaneous therapeutic administration in the treatment of a psychotic disorder. The invention further provides the use of compounds of formula (I) in the manufacture of a medicament for simultaneous therapeutic administration with at least one antipsychotic agent in the treatment of a psychotic disorder. The invention further provides compounds of formula (I) for use for simultaneous therapeutic administration with at least one antipsychotic agent in the treatment of a psychotic disorder. The invention further provides the use of at least one antipsychotic agent in the manufacture of a medicament for simultaneous therapeutic administration with compounds of formula (I) in the treatment of a psychotic disorder. The invention further provides at least one antipsychotic agent for simultaneous therapeutic administration with compounds of formula (I) in the treatment of a psychotic disorder.
In further aspects, the invention provides a method of treatment of a psychotic disorder by simultaneous therapeutic administration of a pharmaceutical composition comprising compounds of formula (I) and at least one mood stabilising or antimanic agent, a pharmaceutical composition comprising compounds of formula (I) and at least one mood stabilising or antimanic agent, the use of a pharmaceutical composition comprising compounds of formula (I) and at least one mood stabilising or antimanic agent in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a psychotic disorder, and a pharmaceutical composition comprising compounds of formula (I) and at least one mood stabilising or antimanic agent for use in the treatment of a psychotic disorder.
Antipsychotic agents include both typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs. Examples of antipsychotic drugs that are useful in the present invention include, but are not limited to: butyrophenones, such as haloperidol, pimozide, and droperidol; phenothiazines, such as chlorpromazine, thioridazine, mesoridazine, trifluoperazine, perphenazine, fluphenazine, thiflupromazine, prochlorperazine, and acetophenazine; thioxanthenes, such as thiothixene and chlorprothixene; thienobenzodiazepines; dibenzodiazepines; benzisoxazoles; dibenzothiazepines; imidazolidinones; benziso-thiazolyl-piperazines; triazine such as lamotrigine; dibenzoxazepines, such as loxapine; dihydroindolones, such as molindone; aripiprazole; and derivatives thereof that have antipsychotic activity.
Examples of tradenames and suppliers of selected antipsychotic drugs are as follows: clozapine (available under the tradename CLOZARIL®, from Mylan, Zenith Goldline, UDL, Novartis); olanzapine (available under the tradename ZYPREX®, from Lilly); ziprasidone
(available under the tradename GEODON®, from Pfizer); risperidone (available under the tradename RISPERDAL®, from Janssen); quetiapine fumarate (available under the tradename SEROQUEL®, from AstraZeneca); haloperidol (available under the tradename HALDOL®, from Ortho-McNeil); chlorpromazine (available under the tradename THORAZINE®, from SmithKline Beecham (GSK)); fluphenazine (available under the tradename PROLIXIN®, from Apothecon, Copley, Schering, Teva, and American Pharmaceutical Partners, Pasadena); thiothixene (available under the tradename NAVANE®, from Pfizer); trifluoperazine (10-[3-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)propyl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenothiazine dihydrochloride, available under the tradename STELAZINE®, from Smith Klein Beckman); perphenazine (available under the tradename TRILAFON®; from Schering); thioridazine (available under the tradename MELLARIL®; from Novartis, Roxane, HiTech, Teva, and Alpharma); molindone (available under the tradename MOBAN®, from Endo); and loxapine (available under the tradename LOXITANE(D; from Watson). Furthermore, benperidol (Glianimon®), perazine (Taxilan®) or melperone (Eunerpan®) may be used. Other antipsychotic drugs include promazine (available under the tradename SPARINE®), triflurpromazine (available under the tradename VESPR1N®), chlorprothixene (available under the tradename TARACTAN®), droperidol (available under the tradename INAPSINE®), acetophenazine (available under the tradename TINDAL®), prochlorperazine (available under the tradename COMPAZINE®), methotrimeprazine (available under the tradename NOZINAN®), pipotiazine (available under the tradename PIPOTRIL®), ziprasidone, and hoperidone.
In a further aspect, the invention provides a method of treatment of a neurodegenerative disorder such as Alzheimer Disease by adjunctive therapeutic administration of compounds of formula (I) to a patient receiving therapeutic administration of at least one agent suitable for the treatment of a neurodegenerative disorder such as Alzheimer Disease. In a further aspect, the invention provides the use of compounds of formula (I) in the manufacture of a medicament for adjunctive therapeutic administration for the treatment of a neurodegenerative disorder such as Alzheimer Disease in a patient receiving therapeutic administration of at least one agent suitable for the treatment of a neurodegenerative disorder such as Alzheimer Disease. The invention further provides compounds of formula (I) for use for adjunctive therapeutic administration for the treatment of a neurodegenerative disorder such as Alzheimer Disease in a patient receiving therapeutic administration of at least one agent suitable for the treatment of a neurodegenerative disorder such as Alzheimer Disease.
In a further aspect, the invention provides a method of treatment of a neurodegenerative disorder such as Alzheimer Disease by adjunctive therapeutic administration of at least one agent suitable for the treatment of a neurodegenerative disorder such as Alzheimer Disease to a patient receiving therapeutic administration of compounds of formula (I). In a further aspect, the invention provides the use of at least one agent suitable for the treatment of a neurodegenerative disorder such as Alzheimer Disease in the manufacture of a medicament for adjunctive therapeutic administration for the treatment of a neurodegenerative disorder such as Alzheimer Disease in a patient receiving therapeutic administration of compounds of formula (I). The invention further provides at least one agent suitable for the treatment of a neurodegenerative disorder such as Alzheimer Disease for adjunctive therapeutic administration for the treatment of a neurodegenerative disorder such as Alzheimer Disease in a patient receiving therapeutic administration of compounds of formula (I).
In a further aspect, the invention provides a method of treatment of a neurodegenerative disorder such as Alzheimer Disease by simultaneous therapeutic administration of compounds of formula (I) in combination with at least one agent suitable for the treatment of a neurodegenerative disorder such as Alzheimer Disease. The invention further provides the use of a combination of compounds of formula (I) and at least one agent suitable for the treatment of a neurodegenerative disorder such as Alzheimer Disease in the manufacture of a medicament for simultaneous therapeutic administration in the treatment of a neurodegenerative disorder such as Alzheimer Disease. The invention further provides a combination of compounds of formula (I) and at least one agent suitable for the treatment of a neurodegenerative disorder such as Alzheimer Disease for simultaneous therapeutic administration in the treatment of a neurodegenerative disorder such as Alzheimer Disease. The invention further provides the use of compounds of formula (I) in the manufacture of a medicament for simultaneous therapeutic administration with at least one agent suitable for the treatment of a neurodegenerative disorder such as Alzheimer Disease in the treatment of a neurodegenerative disorder such as Alzheimer Disease. The invention further provides compounds of formula (I) for use for simultaneous therapeutic administration with at least one agent suitable for the treatment of a neurodegenerative disorder such as Alzheimer Disease in the treatment of a neurodegenerative disorder such as Alzheimer Disease. The invention further provides the use of at least one agent suitable for the treatment of a neurodegenerative disorder such as Alzheimer Disease in the manufacture of a medicament for simultaneous therapeutic administration with compounds of formula (I) in the treatment of a neurodegenerative disorder such as Alzheimer Disease. The invention further provides at least one agent suitable for the treatment of a neurodegenerative disorder such as Alzheimer Disease for simultaneous therapeutic administration with compounds of formula (I) in the treatment of a neurodegenerative disorder such as Alzheimer Disease.
Examples of agents suitable for the treatment of a neurodegenerative disorder such as Alzheimer Disease that are useful in the present invention include, but are not limited to: cholinesterase inhibitors, agents targeting nicotinic or muscarinic acethylcholine receptors, NMDA receptors, amyloid formation, mitochondrial dysfunctions, disease associated calpain activity, neuroinflamation, tumor necrosis factor receptors, NF-kappaB, peroxisome proliferator activator receptor gamma, Apolipoprotein E variant 4 (ApoE4), diseaseassociated increase of the HPA axis, epileptic discharges, vascular dysfunction, vascular risk factors, and oxidative stress.
Suitable cholinesterase inhibitors which may be used in combination with the compounds of the inventions include for example tacrine, donepezil, galantamine and rivastigmine.
Suitable NMDA receptors targeting agents which may be used in combination with the compounds of the inventions include for example memantine.
Suitable agents affecting increased HPA axis activity which may be used in combination with the compounds of the inventions include for example CRF1 antagonists or V1b antagonists.
In a further aspect therefore, the invention provides a method of treatment of pain by adjunctive therapeutic administration of compounds of formula (I) to a patient receiving therapeutic administration of at least one agent suitable for the treatment of pain. In a further aspect, the invention provides the use of compounds of formula (I) in the manufacture of a medicament for adjunctive therapeutic administration for the treatment of pain in a patient receiving therapeutic administration of at least one agent suitable for the treatment of pain. The invention further provides compounds of formula (I) for use for adjunctive therapeutic administration for the treatment of pain in a patient receiving therapeutic administration of at least one agent suitable for the treatment of pain.
In a further aspect, the invention provides a method of treatment of pain by adjunctive therapeutic administration of at least one agent suitable for the treatment of pain to a patient receiving therapeutic administration of compounds of formula (I). In a further aspect, the invention provides the use of at least one agent suitable for the treatment of pain in the manufacture of a medicament for adjunctive therapeutic administration for the treatment of pain in a patient receiving therapeutic administration of compounds of formula (I).
The invention further provides at least one agent suitable for the treatment of pain for adjunctive therapeutic administration for the treatment of pain in a patient receiving therapeutic administration of compounds of formula (I).
In a further aspect, the invention provides a method of treatment of pain by simultaneous therapeutic administration of compounds of formula (I) in combination with at least one agent suitable for the treatment of pain. The invention further provides the use of a combination of compounds of formula (I) and at least one agent suitable for the treatment of pain in the manufacture of a medicament for simultaneous therapeutic administration in the treatment of pain. The invention further provides a combination of compounds of formula (I) and at least one agent suitable for the treatment of pain for simultaneous therapeutic administration in the treatment of pain. The invention further provides the use of compounds of formula (I) in the manufacture of a medicament for simultaneous therapeutic administration with at least one agent suitable for the treatment of pain in the treatment of pain. The invention further provides compounds of formula (I) for use for simultaneous therapeutic administration with at least one agent suitable for the treatment of pain in the treatment of pain. The invention further provides the use of at least one agent suitable for the treatment of pain in the manufacture of a medicament for simultaneous therapeutic administration with compounds of formula (I) in the treatment of pain. The invention further provides at least one agent suitable for the treatment of pain for simultaneous therapeutic administration with compounds of formula (I) in the treatment of pain.
Examples of agents suitable for the treatment of pain that are useful in the present invention include, but are not limited to: NSAIDs (Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs), anti-convulsant drugs such as carbamazepine and gabapentin, sodium channel blockers, anti-depressant drugs, cannabinoids and local anaesthetics.
Suitable agents used in combination with the compounds of the inventions include for example celecoxib, etoricoxib, lumiracoxib, paracetamol, tramadol, methadone, venlafaxine, imipramine, duloxetine, bupropion, gabapentin, pregabalin, lamotrigine, fentanyl, parecoxib, nefopam, remifentanil, pethidine, diclofenac, rofecoxib, nalbuphine, sufentanil, pethidine, diamorphine and butorphanol.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the compounds according to the invention may advantageously be used in conjunction with one or more other therapeutic agents, for instance, antidepressant agents such as 5HT3 antagonists, serotonin agonists, NK-1 antagonists, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), noradrenaline re-uptake inhibitors (SNRI), tricyclic antidepressants, dopaminergic antidepressants, H3 antagonists, 5HT1A antagonists, 5HT1 B antagonists, 5HT1 D antagonists, D1 agonists, M1 agonists and/or anticonvulsant agents, as well as cognitive enhancers.
Suitable 5HT3 antagonists which may be used in combination of the compounds of the inventions include for example ondansetron, granisetron, metoclopramide.
Suitable serotonin agonists which may be used in combination with the compounds of the invention include sumatriptan, rauwolscine, yohimbine, metoclopramide.
Suitable SSRIs which may be used in combination with the compounds of the invention include fluoxetine, citalopram, femoxetine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, indalpine, sertraline, zimeldine.
Suitable SNRIs which may be used in combination with the compounds of the invention include venlafaxine and reboxetine.
Suitable tricyclic antidepressants which may be used in combination with a compound of the invention include imipramine, amitriptiline, chlomipramine and nortriptiline.
Suitable dopaminergic antidepressants which may be used in combination with a compound of the invention include bupropion and amineptine.
Suitable anticonvulsant agents which may be used in combination of the compounds of the invention include for example divalproex, carbamazepine and diazepam.
The following examples serve to explain the invention without limiting it.
The compounds were characterized by mass spectrometry, generally recorded via HPLCMS in a fast gradient on C18-material (electrospray-ionisation (ESI) mode).
Preparation Examples
Example 1
For Reference Purposes
1-Benzyl-8-methoxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepine
1.1 1-benzyl-7-methoxy-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-2(1H)-one oxime
To a solution of 4.47 mmol of 1-benzyl-7-methoxy-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-2(1H)-one in 15 ml ethanol were added 5.59 mmol hydroxylamine hydrochloride (dissolved in 3 ml water). The solution was stirred at 65° C. for 1.5 h. The mixture was cooled to RT and concentrated. The residue was dissolved in methyl tert-butylether and washed with water (2×), dried over MgSO 4 and filtered. Evaporation of the solvent gave 1.29 g of 1-benzyl-7-methoxy-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-2(1H)-one oxime (mixture of E- and Z-isomer, 100%).
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=282 Calculated for C 18 H 19 NO 2 =281
1.2 1-Benzyl-8-methoxy-4,5-dihydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-3(2H)-one
To a solution of 8.46 mmol of p-toluenesulfonylchloride, 8.4 mmol triethylamine and 0.16 mmol of dimethylaminopyridine in 5 ml of dichloromethane was added a solution of 945 mg of 1-benzyl-7-methoxy-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-2(1H)-one oxime in 5 ml dichloromethane. The solution was stirred at room temperature over night. The mixture was diluted with dichloromethane and washed with water and saturated NaHCO 3 solution. The combined organic layers were dried over MgSO 4 and filtered. Evaporation of the solvent gave 1.9 g of crude material that was purified by flash chromatography to yield 637 mg of the desired isomer 1-benzyl-8-methoxy-4,5-dihydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-3(2H)-one (67%) and 248 mg of its regioisomer 1-benzyl-8-methoxy-4,5-dihydro-1H-benzo[d]azepin-2(3H)-one (26%).
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=282 Calculated for C 18 H 19 NO 2 =281
1.3 1-Benzyl-8-methoxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepine
To a solution of 2.17 mmol of 1-benzyl-8-methoxy-4,5-dihydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-3(2H)-one in tetrahydrofuran under nitrogen atmosphere was added 3.25 mmol of lithiumaluminumhydride as 1 M solution in tetrahydrofuran. The solution was heated to reflux and stirred for 1.5 h. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and water (1 ml) was carefully added. The mixture was concentrated and the residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate. The organic phase was extracted with acidified water (acidified with 1 M HCl, 4×). To the combined aqueous phase was added NaOH (50%) until basic and ethyl acetate. The suspension was filtered over celite. The residue was washed with water and ethyl acetate. Phases were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were dried over MgSO 4 and filtered. Evaporation of the solvent gave 439 mg of crude material that was purified by flash chromatography to yield 399 mg of 1-benzyl-8-methoxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepine (69%).
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=268 Calculated for C 18 H 21 NO=267
Example 2
N-(2-(1-Benzyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-yloxy)ethyl)-1-methyl-1H-imidazole-4-sulfonamide
2.1 Ethyl 1-benzyl-8-methoxy-4,5-dihydro-1H-benzo[c]azepine-2(3H)-carboxylate
To a solution of 0.97 mmol of 1-benzyl-8-methoxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepine in 10 ml dichloromethane under nitrogene atmosphere were added 1.17 mmol dimethyl amino pyridine and 1.12 mmol ethyl carbonochloridate and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. The mixture was diluted with methylenechloride and washed with saturated NH 4 Cl solution and brine. The combined organic layers were dried over MgSO 4 and filtered. Evaporation of the solvent gave 248 mg of 1-benzyl-8-methoxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepine (75%).
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=340 Calculated for C 21 H 25 NO 3 =339
2.2 Ethyl 1-benzyl-8-hydroxy-4,5-dihydro-1H-benzo[c]azepine-2(3H)-carboxylate
To a solution of 0.73 mmol 1-benzyl-8-methoxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepine in 7 ml dichloromethylene under nitrogen atmosphere were added 2.20 mmol borontribromide (1M solution in dichloromethane) at 0° C. and stirred for 2 h. To the mixture was added saturated solution of NaHCO 3 . Phases were separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were washed with water, dried over MgSO 4 and filtered. Evaporation of the solvent gave 242 mg of 11-benzyl-8-hydroxy-4,5-dihydro-1H-benzo[c]azepine-2(3H)-carboxylate (100%).
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=326 Calculated for C 20 H 23 NO 3 =325
2.3 ethyl 2-(1-benzyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-yloxy)ethylcarbamate
To a suspension of 1.88 mmol sodium hydride (60% in mineral oil) in 2 ml dimethyl acetamide under nitrogene atmosphere was added a solution of 0.74 mmol 11-benzyl-8-hydroxy-4,5-dihydro-1H-benzo[c]azepine-2(3H)-carboxylate in 5 ml dimethyl acetamide at room temperature and stirred for 1 h. Then, a solution of 2.23 mmol tert-butyl 2-bromoethylcarbamate in 1 ml dimethyl acetamide was added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 d. 1.88 mmol of sodium hydride were added followed by 2.23 mmol of tert-butyl 2-bromoethylcarbamate in 1 ml dimethyl acetamide. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for additional 4 d. 1.88 mmol of sodium hydride were added followed by 2.23 mmol of tert-butyl 2-bromoethylcarbamate in 1 ml dimethyl acetamide. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for additional 2 d. The mixture was poured onto water and extracted with diethyl ether (3×). The combined organic layers were washed with water, dried over MgSO 4 and filtered. Evaporation of the solvent gave 1.17 g mg of crude material that was purified by flash chromatography to yield 359 mg of ethyl 2-(1-benzyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-yloxy)ethylcarbamate (100%).
ESI-MS [M + -Boc]=369 Calculated for C 27 H 36 N 2 O 5 =468
2.4 Ethyl 8-(2-aminoethoxy)-1-benzyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-benzo[c]azepine-2(3H)carboxylate
To a solution of 0.46 mmol of ethyl 2-(1-benzyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-yloxy)ethylcarbamate in 3 ml dichloromethane were added 4.57 mmol of a 5-6 N solution of HCl in isopropanol. The mixture was stirred at room temperature over night. The mixture was heated to 40° C. and stirred for additional 2 h. The solvent was evaporated to give 151 mg of crude 2-(1-benzyl-2-(ethoxycarbonyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-yloxy)ethanaminium chloride (82%).
ESI-MS [M + +H]=369 Calculated for C 22 H 28 N 2 O 3 =368
2.5 Ethyl 1-benzyl-8-(2-(1-methyl-1H-imidazole-4-sulfonamido)ethoxy)-4,5-dihydro-1H-benzo[c]azepine-2(3H)-carboxylate
To a solution of 0.12 mmol 2-(1-benzyl-2-(ethoxycarbonyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-yloxy)ethanaminium chloride in 3 ml dichloromethane were added 0.33 mmol dimethylaminopyridine and 0.17 mmol 1-methyl-1H-imidazole-4-sulfonyl chloride. The mixture was stirred at room temperature over night. The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with NH 4 Cl solution (2×), water (1×), and brine (1×). The organic layer was dried over MgSO 4 and filtered. Evaporation of the solvent gave 66 mg of crude material that was purified by flash chromatography to yield 60 mg of ethyl 1-benzyl-8-(2-(1-methyl-1H-imidazole-4-sulfonamido)ethoxy)-4,5-dihydro-1H-benzo[c]azepine-2(3H)carboxylate (95%).
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=513 Calculated for C 26 H 32 N 4 O 5 S=512
2.6 N-(2-(1-Benzyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-yloxy)ethyl)-1-methyl-1H-imidazole-4-sulfonamide
0.11 mmol of ethyl 1-benzyl-8-(2-(1-methyl-1H-imidazole-4-sulfonamido)ethoxy)-4,5-dihydro-1H-benzo[c]azepine-2(3H)-carboxylate were dissolved in a solution of potassium hydroxide in ethanol (20%). The solution was heated in the microwave at 100° C. for 3 h. The mixture was diluted with brine and extracted with ethyl acetate (3×). The combined organic layers were concentrated in vacuo to give 96 mg of crude material that was purified by flash chromatography to yield 37 mg of N-(2-(1-benzyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-yloxy)ethyl)-1-methyl-1H-imidazole-4-sulfonamide (77%).
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=441 Calculated for C 23 H 28 N 4 O 3 S=440
Example 3
N-(2-(1-Benzyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-yloxy)ethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-sulfonamide
N-(2-(1-Benzyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-yloxy)ethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-sulfonamide was prepared in analogy to example 2 using 1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-sulfonyl chloride in place of 1-methyl-1H-imidazole-4-sulfonyl chloride.
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=441 Calculated for C 23 H 28 N 4 O 3 S=440
Example 4
N-(2-(1-benzyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-yloxy)ethyl)-1-cyclopropylmethanesulfonamide
N-(2-(1-Benzyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-yloxy)ethyl)-1-cyclopropylmethanesulfonamide was prepared in analogy to example 2 using cyclopropylmethanesulfonyl chloride in place of 1-methyl-1H-imidazole-4-sulfonyl chloride.
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=415 Calculated for C 23 H 30 N 2 O 3 S=414
Example 5
For Reference Purposes Only
5-(1-(4-Chlorophenyl)cyclobutyl)-7-methoxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrobenzo[f][1,4]oxazepine hydrochloride
5.1 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-N-(2-(4-methoxyphenoxy)ethyl)cyclobutanecarboxamide
To a solution of 5.74 mmol of 2-(3-methoxy-phenyl)-ethylamine and 10.97 mmol of 4-dimethylaminopyridine in 400 ml dichloromethane were added 5.22 mmol 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-cyclobutanecarboxylic acid and the mixture was cooled to 4° C. EDC was added and the mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature within 45 min. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for additional 60 h. The organic phase was washed with water (3×) and brine, dried over Na 2 SO 4 , and filtered. Evaporation of the solvent gave the crude material, which was purified by flash chromatography to yield 1.87 g of 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(2-(4-methoxyphenoxy)ethyl)cyclobutanecarboxamide (99%).
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=360 Calculated for C 20 H 22 ClNO 3 =359
5.2 5-(1-(4-Chlorophenyl)cyclobutyl)-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydrobenzo[f][1,4]oxazepine
To a solution of 2.92 mmol of 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(2-(4-methoxyphenoxy)ethyl)cyclobutanecarboxamide in 2 ml acetonitrile were added 114.78 mmol POCl 3 and the mixture was stirred in the microwave at 135° C. for 2 h. The mixture was concentrated and the residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate. The organic phase was washed with water (3×) and brine, dried over Na 2 SO 4 , and filtered and concentrated to give 0.8 g of a light yellow solid. The crude material was purified by flash chromatography to yield 0.15 g of 5-(1-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclo-butyl)-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydrobenzo[f][1,4]oxazepine (15%).
5.3 5-(1-(4-Chlorophenyl)cyclobutyl)-7-methoxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrobenzo[f][1,4]oxazepine hydrochloride
To a solution of 0.51 mmol of 5-(1-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclo-butyl)-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydrobenzo[f][1,4]oxazepine in 5 ml methanol and 0.1 ml water were added 1.00 mmol sodium borohydride and the mixture was stirred at room temperature over night. The mixture was concentrated and the residue was dissolved in methylene chloride and water was added. The phases were separated using a Chromabond® PTS column. The aqueous phase was extracted with methylene chloride (1×). The combined organic phases were dried over Na 2 SO 4 , and filtered and concentrated to give 0.18 g of a crude material, which was purified by flash chromatography. To the combined fractions was added a solution of hydrogen chloride in 2-propanol and concentrated. The residue was dissolved in methanol and concentrated (2×). The material was further purified by flash chromatography to yield 14 mg of 5-(1-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclobutyl)-7-methoxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrobenzo[f][1,4]oxazepine hydrochloride as a white solid (HCl-salt, 15%).
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=344 Calculated for C 20 H 22 Cl 1 NO 2 =343
Example 6
1-Methyl-1H-imidazole-4-sulfonic acid [2-(1-benzyl-2-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-yloxy)-ethyl]-amide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=455 Calculated for C 24 H 30 N 4 O 3 S=454
Example 7
1-Methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-sulfonic acid [2-(1-benzyl-2-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-yloxy)-ethyl]amide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=455 Calculated for C 24 H 30 N 4 O 3 S=454
Example 8
Propane-1-sulfonic acid {2-[1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-yloxy]-ethyl}-amide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=437 Calculated for C 22 H 29 ClN 2 O 3 S=437
Example 9
Ethanesulfonic acid {2-[1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-yloxy]-ethyl}-amide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=423 Calculated for C 21 H 27 ClN 2 O 3 S=423
Example 10
Propane-1-sulfonic acid [2-(1-benzyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-yloxy)-ethyl]-amide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=403 Calculated for C 22 H 30 N 2 O 3 S=403
Example 11
Ethanesulfonic acid [2-(1-benzyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-yloxy)-ethyl]-amide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=389 Calculated for C 21 H 28 N 2 O 3 S=388
Example 12
N-{2-[1-(4-Chlorobenzyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-yloxy]-ethyl}-C-cyclopropyl-methanesulfonamide
The 1R- and 1 S-enantiomers have been prepared but the absolute configuration has not been assigned to the individual compounds.
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=449/451 Calculated for C 23 H 29 ClN 2 O 3 S=449
Example 13
N-{2-[1-Benzyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-yloxy]-ethyl}-C-cyclopropyl-methanesulfonamide
The 1R- and 1 S-enantiomers have been prepared but the absolute configuration has not been assigned to the individual compounds.
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=Calculated for C 23 H 30 N 2 O 3 S=415
Example 14
Propane-1-sulfonic acid [1-(4-chloro-benzyl)-2,3,4,5-tetra-hydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-ylmethyl]-amide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=407 Calculated for C 21 H 27 ClN 2 O 2 S=407
Example 15
N-[1-(4-Chloro-benzyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-ylmethyl]-C-cyclopropyl-methanesulfonamide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=419 Calculated for C 22 H 27 ClN 2 O 2 S=419
Example 16
Ethanesulfonic acid [1-(4-chloro-benzyl)-2,3,4,5-tetra-hydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-ylmethyl]-amide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=393 Calculated for C 20 H 25 ClN 2 O 2 S=393
Example 17
Cyclobutanesulfonic acid [1-(4-chloro-benzyl)-2,3,4,5-tetra-hydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-ylmethyl]-amide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=419 Calculated for C 22 H 27 ClN 2 O 2 S=419
Example 18
1-Methyl-1H-imidazole-4-sulfonic acid [1-(4-chloro-benzyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo-[c]azepin-8-ylmethyl]-amide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=445 Calculated for C 22 H 25 ClN 4 O 2 S=445
Example 19
1-Methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-sulfonic acid [1-(4-chloro-benzyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo-[c]azepin-8-ylmethyl]-amide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=445 Calculated for C 22 H 25 ClN 4 O 2 S=445
Example 20
1-Methyl-1H-imidazole-4-sulfonic acid {2-[1-(3-fluoro-benzyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-yloxy]-ethyl}-amide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=459 Calculated for C 23 H 27 FN 4 O 3 S=458
Example 21
1-Methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-sulfonic acid {2-[1-(3-fluoro-benzyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-yloxy]-ethyl}-amide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=459 Calculated for C 23 H 27 FN 4 O 3 S=458
Example 22
1-Methyl-1H-imidazole-4-sulfonic acid [1-(3-fluoro-benzyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-ylmethyl]-amide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=429 Calculated for C 22 H 25 FN 4 O 2 S=428
Example 23
Propane-1-sulfonic acid {2-[1-(3-fluoro-benzyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-yloxy]-ethyl}-amide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=421 Calculated for C 22 H 29 FN 2 O 3 S=421
Example 24
C-Cyclopropyl-N-{2-[1-(3-fluoro-benzyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-yloxy]-ethyl}-methanesulfonamide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=432 Calculated for C 23 H 29 FN 2 O 3 S=432
Example 25
Ethanesulfonic acid {2-[1-(3-fluoro-benzyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-yloxy]-ethyl}-amide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=407 Calculated for C 21 H 27 FN 2 O 3 S=407
Example 26
1-Methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-sulfonic acid [1-(3-fluoro-benzyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-ylmethyl]-amide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=429 Calculated for C 22 H 25 FN 4 O 2 S=428
Example 27
Propane-1-sulfonic acid [1-(3-fluoro-benzyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-ylmethyl]-amide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=391 Calculated for C 21 H 27 FN 2 O 2 S=390
Example 28
C-Cyclopropyl-N-[1-(3-fluoro-benzyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-ylmethyl)-methanesulfonamide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=403 Calculated for C 22 H 27 FN 2 O 2 S=403
Example 29
Ethanesulfonic acid [1-(3-fluoro-benzyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-ylmethyl]-amide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=377 Calculated for C 20 H 25 FN 2 O 2 S=376
Example 30
N-(1-Benzyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-ylmethyl)-C-cyclopropyl-methane-sulfonamide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=385 Calculated for C 22 H 28 N 2 O 2 S=385
Example 31
Cyclobutanesulfonic acid (1-benzyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-ylmethyl)-amide; compound with (E)-buten-2-enedioic acid
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=395 Calculated for C 22 H 28 N 2 O 2 S=385
Example 32
Propane-1-sulfonic acid (1-benzyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]-azepin-8-ylmethyl)-amide; compound with (E)-buten-2-enedioic acid
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=373 Calculated for C 21 H 28 N 2 O 2 S=373
Example 33
Ethanesulfonic acid (1-benzyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]-azepin-8-ylmethyl)-amide; compound with (E)-buten-2-enedioic acid
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=359 Calculated for C 20 H 26 N 2 O 2 S=358
Example 34
1-Methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-sulfonic acid (1-benzyl-2,3,4,5-tetra-hydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-ylmethyl)-amide; compound with (E)-buten-2-enedioic acid
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=411 Calculated for C 22 H 26 N 4 O 3 S=411
Example 35
1-Methyl-1H-imidazole-4-sulfonic acid (1-benzyl-2,3,4,5-tetra-hydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-ylmethyl)-amide; compound with (E)-buten-2-enedioic acid
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=411 Calculated for C 22 H 26 N 4 O 3 S=411
Example 36
1-Methyl-1H-imidazole-4-sulfonic acid (1-benzyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-ylmethyl)-methyl-amide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=425 Calculated for C 23 H 28 N 4 O 2 S=425
Example 37
1-Methyl-1H-imidazole-4-sulfonic acid (1-benzyl-2-propyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-ylmethyl)-amide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=453 Calculated for C 25 H 32 N 4 O 2 S=453
Example 38
1-Methyl-1H-imidazole-4-sulfonic acid (1-benzyl-2-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-ylmethyl)-amide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=425 Calculated for C 23 H 28 N 4 O 2 S=425
Example 39
1-Methyl-1H-imidazole-4-sulfonic acid (1-benzyl-2-ethyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-ylmethyl)-amide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=439 Calculated for C 24 H 30 N 4 O 2 S=439
Example 40
1-Methyl-1H-imidazole-4-sulfonic acid (1-benzyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-ylmethyl)-ethyl-amide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=439 Calculated for C 24 H 30 N 4 O 2 S=439
Example 41
1-Methyl-1H-imidazole-4-sulfonic acid (1-benzyl-7-fluoro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-ylmethyl)-amide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=429 Calculated for C 22 H 25 FN 4 O 2 S=428
Example 42
Ethanesulfonic acid (1-benzyl-7-fluoro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-ylmethyl)-amide; compound with trifluoro-acetic acid
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=354 Calculated for C 20 H 25 FN 2 O 2 S=376
Example 43
Ethanesulfonic acid [2-(1-benzyl-7-fluoro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo-[c]azepin-8-yloxy)-ethyl]-amide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=407 Calculated for C 21 H 27 FN 2 O 3 S=406
Example 44
N-(1-Benzyl-7-fluoro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-ylmethyl)-C-cyclopropyl-methanesulfonamide; compound with (E)-but-2-enedioic acid
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=403 Calculated for C 22 H 27 FN 2 O 2 S=403
Example 45
1-Methyl-1H-imidazole-4-sulfonic acid [2-(1-benzyl-7-fluoro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-yloxy)-ethyl]amide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=459 Calculated for C 23 H 27 FN 4 O 3 S=459
Example 46
N-[2-(1-Benzyl-7-fluoro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-yloxy)-ethyl]-C-cyclopropyl-methanesulfonamide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=433 Calculated for C 23 H 29 FN 2 O 3 S=
Example 47
1-Methyl-1H-imidazole-4-sulfonic acid [5-(1-methyl-1-phenyl-ethyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-benzo[f][1,4]oxazepin-7-ylmethyl]-amide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=440 Calculated for C 23 H 28 N 4 O 3 S=441
Example 48
1-Methyl-1H-imidazole-4-sulfonic acid [2-(5-benzyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-benzo[f][1,4]oxazepin-7-yloxy)-ethyl]-amide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=443 Calculated for C 22 H 26 N 4 O 4 S=444
Example 49
1-Methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-sulfonic acid [2-(5-benzyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrobenzo[f][1,4]oxazepin-7-yloxy)-ethyl]-amide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=443 Calculated for C 22 H 26 N 4 O 4 S=444
Example 50
Ethanesulfonic acid [2-(5-benzyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-benzo[f][1,4]oxazepin-7-yloxy)-ethyl]-amide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=391 Calculated for C 20 H 26 N 2 O 4 S=390
Example 51
Propane-1-sulfonic acid [2-(5-benzyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-benzo[f][1,4]oxazepin-7-yloxy)-ethyl]-amide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=405 Calculated for C 21 H 28 N 2 O 4 S=404
Example 52
Cyclobutanesulfonic acid [2-(5-benzyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-benzo[f][1,4]oxazepin-7-yloxy)-ethyl]-amide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=417 Calculated for C 22 H 28 N 2 O 4 S=417
Example 53
N-[2-(5-Benzyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-benzo[f][1,4]oxazepin-7-yloxy)-ethyl]-C-cyclopropyl-methanesulfonamide
The following compounds were obtained or can be obtained using the procedures described herein.
1
1-Methyl-1H-imidazole-4- sulfonic acid [2-(1-benzyl-2- methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro- 1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-yloxy)- ethyl]-amide
2
1-Methyl-1H-pyrazole-4- sulfonic acid [2-(1-benzyl-2- methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro- 1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-yloxy)- ethyl]-amide
3
Propane-1-sulfonic acid [2- (1-benzyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro- 1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-yloxy)- ethyl]-amide
4
Ethanesulfonic acid [2-(1- benzyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro- 1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-yloxy)- ethyl]-amide
5
Propane-1-sulfonic acid (1- benzyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro- 1H-benzo[c]-azepin-8- ylmethyl)-amide
6
Ethanesulfonic acid (1- benzyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro- 1H-benzo[c]azepin-8- ylmethyl)-amide
7
N-(1-Benzyl-2,3,4,5- tetrahydro-1H- benzo[c]azepin-8-ylmethyl)- C-cyclopropyl-methane- sulfonamide
8
1-Methyl-1H-imidazol-4- sulfonic acid (1-benzyl- 2,3,4,5-tetra-hydro-1H- benzo[c]azepin-8-ylmethyl)- amide
9
1-Methyl-1H-pyrazole-4- sulfonic acid (1-benzyl- 2,3,4,5-tetra-hydro-1H- benzo[c]azepin-8-ylmethyl)- amide
10
1-Methyl-1H-imidazole-4- sulfonic acid (1-benzyl-2- methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro- 1H-benzo[c]azepin-8- ylmethyl)-amide
11
1-Methyl-1H-pyrazole-4- sulfonic acid (1-benzyl-2- methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro- 1H-benzo[c]azepin-8- ylmethyl)-amide
12
1-benzyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro- 1H-benzo[c]azepine-8- carbonitrile
13
N-[2-(1-Benzyl-7-fluoro- 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H- benzo[c]azepin-8-yloxy)- ethyl]-C-cyclopropyl- methanesulfonamide
14
Propane-1-sulfonic acid [2- (1-benzyl-7-fluoro-2,3,4,5- tetrahydro-1H- benzo[c]azepin-8-yloxy)- ethyl]-amide
15
Ethanesulfonic acid [2-(1- benzyl-7-fluoro-2,3,4,5- tetrahydro-1H-benzo- [c]azepin- 8-yloxy)-ethyl]-amide
16
Propane-1-sulfonic acid (1- benzyl-7-fluoro-2,3,4,5- tetrahydro-1H- benzo[c]azepin-8-ylmethyl)- amide
17
Ethanesulfonic acid (1- benzyl-7-fluoro-2,3,4,5- tetrahydro-1H- benzo[c]azepin-8-ylmethyl)- amide
18
N-(1-Benzyl-7-fluoro-2,3,4,5- tetrahydro-1H- benzo[c]azepin-8-ylmethyl)- C-cyclopropyl- methanesulfonamide
19
1-Methyl-1H-imidazole-4- sulfonic acid (1-benzyl-7- fluoro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H- benzo[c]azepin-8-ylmethyl)- amide
20
1-Methyl-1H-pyrazole-4- sulfonic acid (1-benzyl-7- fluoro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H- benzo[c]azepin-8-ylmethyl)-amide
21
Propane-1-sulfonic acid {2- [1-(4-fluoro-benzyl)-2,3,4,5- tetrahydro-1H- benzo[c]azepin-8-yloxy]- ethyl}-amide
22
Ethanesulfonic acid {2-[1-(4- fluoro-benzyl)-2,3,4,5- tetrahydro-1H- benzo[c]azepin-8-yloxy]- ethyl}-amide
23
1-Methyl-1H-imidazole-4- sulfonic acid [1-(4-fluoro- benzyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro- 1H-benzo[c]azepin-8- ylmethyl]-amide
24
Propane-1-sulfonic acid [1- (4-chloro-benzyl)-2,3,4,5- tetra-hydro-1H- benzo[c]azepin-8-ylmethyl]- amide
25
Ethanesulfonic acid [1-(4- chloro-benzyl)-2,3,4,5-tetra- hydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8- ylmethyl]-amide
26
N-[1-(4-Chloro-benzyl)- 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H- benzo[c]azepin-8-ylmethyl]- C-cyclopropyl- methanesulfonamide
27
1-Methyl-1H-imidazole-4- sulfonic acid [1-(4-chloro- benzyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro- 1H-benzo[c]azepin-8- ylmethyl]-amide
28
1-Methyl-1H-pyrazole-4- sulfonic acid [1-(4-chloro- benzyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro- 1H-benzo[c]azepin-8- ylmethyl]-amide
29
Propane-1-sulfonic acid (1- pyridin-2-yl-methyl-2,3,4,5- tetrahydro-1H- benzo[c]azepin-8-ylmethyl)- amide
30
Ethanesulfonic acid (1- pyridin-2-yl-methyl-2,3,4,5- tetrahydro-1H- benzo[c]azepin-8-ylmethyl)- amide
31
C-Cyclopropyl-N-(1-pyridin- 2-ylmethyl-2,3,4,5- tetrahydro-1H- benzo[c]azepin-8-ylmethyl)- methanesulfonamide
32
1-Methyl-1H-imidazole-4- sulfonic acid {2-[1-(4-chloro- benzyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro- 1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-yloxy]- ethyl}-amide
33
1-Methyl-1H-pyrazole-4- sulfonic acid {2-[1-(4-chloro- benzyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro- 1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-yloxy]- ethyl}-amide
34
1-Methyl-1H-imidazole-4- sulfonic acid {2-[1-(3-chloro- benzyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro- 1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-yloxy]- ethyl}-amide
35
1-Methyl-1H-pyrazole-4- sulfonic acid {2-[1-(3-chloro- benzyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro- 1H-benzyl[c]azepin-8-yloxy]- ethyl}-amide
36
1-Methyl-1H-imidazole-4- sulfonic acid {2-[1-(3-fluoro- benzyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro- 1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-yloxy]- ethyl}-amide
37
1-Methyl-1H-pyrazole-4- sulfonic acid {2-[1-(3-fluoro- benzyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro- 1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-yloxy]- ethyl}-amide
38
Propane-1-sulfonic acid [1- (4-fluoro-benzyl)-2,3,4,5- tetrahydro-1H- benzo[c]azepin-8-ylmethyl]- amide
39
Ethanesulfonic acid [1-(4- fluoro-benzyl)-2,3,4,5- tetrahydro-1H- benzo[c]azepin-8-ylmethyl]- amide
40
C-Cyclopropyl-N-[1-(4- fluoro-benzyl)-2,3,4,5- tetrahydro-1H- benzo[c]azepin-8-ylmethyl]- methanesulfonamide
41
1-Methyl-1H-imidazole-4- sulfonic acid [1-(4-fluoro- benzyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro- 1H-benzo[c]azepin-8- ylmethyl]-amide
Biological Testing
1. [ 3 H]-Glycine Uptake into Recombinant CHO Cells Expressing Human GlyT1:
Human GlyT1c expressing recombinant hGlyT1c — 5_CHO cells were plated at 20,000 cells per well in 96 well Cytostar-T scintillation microplates (Amersham Biosciences) and cultured to sub-confluency for 24 h. For glycine uptake assays the culture medium was aspirated and the cells were washed once with 100 μl HBSS (Gibco BRL, #14025-050) with 5 mM L-Alanine (Merck #1007). 80 μl HBSS buffer were added, followed by 10 μl inhibitor or vehicle (10% DMSO) and 10 μl [ 3 H]-glycine (TRK71, Amersham Biosciences) to a final concentration of 200 nM for initiation of glycine uptake. The plates were placed in a Wallac Microbeta (PerkinElmer) and continuously counted by solid phase scintillation spectrometry during up to 3 hours. Nonspecific uptake was determined in the presence of 10 μM Org24598. IC 50 calculations were made by four-parametric logistic nonlinear regression analysis (GraphPad Prism) using determinations within the range of linear increase of [ 3 H]-glycine incorporation between 60 and 120 min.
2. Radioligand Binding Assays Using Recombinant CHO Cell Membranes Expressing Human GlyT1:
Radioligand binding to human GlyT1c transporter-expressing membranes was determined as described in Mezler et al., Molecular Pharmacology 74:1705-1715, 2008.
3. Metabolic Stability
Metabolic stability was determined as follows:
0.5 μM test substance was preincubated together with human liver microsomes (0.25 mg of microsomal protein/ml) in 0.05 M potassium phosphate buffer of pH 7.4 in microtiter plates at 37° C. for 5 min. The reaction was started by adding NADPH (1.0 mM). After 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 min, 65 μl aliquots were removed, and the reaction was immediately stopped and cooled with twice the amount of ethanol. The samples were frozen until analyzed. The remaining concentration of undegraded test substance was determined by LC MSMS. The half-life (T½) was determined from the gradient of the signal of test substance/unit time plot, allowing to calculate the half-life of the test substance, assuming first order kinetics, from the decrease in the concentration of the compound with time. The microsomal clearance (mCl) was calculated from mCl=ln 2/T½/(content of microsomal protein in mg/ml)×1000 (modified from references: Di, The Society for Biomolecular Screening, 2003, 453-462; Obach, DMD, 1999 vol 27. N 11, 1350-1359).
The following results were obtained with the compounds disclosed in the examples:
Example
radioligand binding K iapp [nmol]
human mCl [μl/min/mg]
1
>10000
≦50
2
≦100
≦50
3
≦10
≦50
4
≦100
≦50
5
≦10000
≦250
6
≦10
≦150
7
≦10
≦200
8
≦1000
≦250
9
≦10000
≦100
10
≦100
≦50
11
≦1000
≦50
12*
≦1000
≦150
≦10000
≦150
13*
≦100
≦50
≦1000
≦50
14
≦1000
≦50
15
≦10000
≦100
16
≦10000
≦50
17
≦1000
≦100
18
≦1000
≦50
19
≦100
≦100
20
≦10
≦50
21
≦10
≦100
22
≦10
≦50
23
≦100
≦150
24
≦100
≦100
25
≦1000
≦50
26
≦10
≦50
27
≦1000
≦100
28
≦100
≦50
29
≦1000
≦50
30
≦100
≦50
31
≦100
≦100
32
≦1000
≦100
33
≦10000
≦50
34
≦10
≦50
35
≦10
≦50
36
≦100
≦50
37
≦10
≦300
38
≦100
≦100
39
≦100
≦150
40
≦100
≦50
41
≦10
≦50
42
≦1000
≦50
43
≦1000
≦50
44
≦100
≦50
45
≦100
≦50
46
≦100
≦50
47
≦10000
—
48
≦100
≦50
49
≦100
≦50
50
≦10000
≦50
51
≦1000
≦100
52
≦1000
≦100
53
≦1000
≦100
*(1R)/(1S)
Further, the present application relates to isoindoline derivatives of the formula (A):
wherein R, R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , X 2 , X 3 , R 5 are as defined herein for the benzazepine derivatives, or a physiologically tolerated salt thereof; pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds; and the use of such compounds for therapeutic purposes. The compounds are GlyT1 inhibitors.
The isoindoline derivatives and their physiologically tolerated salts can be prepared by analogy to methods which are well known in the art. Suitable methods for the preparation of isoindoline derivatives of formula (A) are outlined in the following schemes.
The following examples serve to explain the invention relating to the isoindoline derivatives without limiting it.
The compounds were characterized by mass spectrometry, generally recorded via HPLCMS in a fast gradient on C18-material (electrospray-ionisation (ESI) mode).
Preparation Examples
The following compounds were obtained using the procedures described herein.
Example A1
N-[2-(3-benzyl-1-oxo-isoindolin-5-yl)oxyethyl]-1-methyl-imidazole-4-sulfonamide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=427 Calculated for C 21 H 22 N 4 O 4 S=426
Example A 2
N-[(3-benzyl-1-oxo-isoindolin-5-ylmethyl]-1-methyl-imidazole-4-sulfonamide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=397 Calculated for C 20 H 20 N 4 O 3 S=396
Example A3
[2-(3-Benzyl-1-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindol-5-yloxy)-ethyl]-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=383 Calculated for C 22 H 26 N 2 O 4 =382
Example A4
N-[(3-benzylisoindolin-5-yl)methyl]-1-methyl-imidazole-4-sulfonamide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=383 Calculated for C 20 H 22 N 4 O 2 S=382
Example A5
N-[2-(3-benzylisoindolin-5-yl)oxyethyl]-1-methyl-imidazole-4-sulfonamide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=413 Calculated for C 21 H 24 N 4 O 3 S=412
Example A6
N-[2-(3-benzyl-1-oxo-isoindolin-5-yl)oxyethyl]-1-methyl-pyrazole-4-sulfonamide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=427 Calculated for C 21 H 22 N 4 O 4 S=426
Example A7
N-[2-(3-benzylisoindolin-5-yl)oxyethyl]-1-methyl-pyrazole-4-sulfonamide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=413 Calculated for C 21 H 24 N 4 O 3 S=412
Example A8
N-[2-(3-benzyl-3-methyl-1-oxo-isoindolin-5-yl)oxyethyl]-1-methyl-imidazole-4-sulfonamide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=441 Calculated for C 22 H 24 N 4 O 4 S=440
Example A9
N-[2-(3-benzyl-3-methyl-1-oxo-isoindolin-5-yl)oxyethyl]-1-methyl-pyrazole-4-sulfonamide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=441 Calculated for C 22 H 24 N 4 O 4 S=440
Example A10
N-[2-(3-benzyl-3-methyl-isoindolin-5-yl)oxyethyl]-1-methyl-pyrazole-4-sulfonamide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=427 Calculated for C 22 H 26 N 4 O 3 S=426
Example A11
N-[2-(3-benzyl-3-methyl-isoindolin-5-yl)oxyethyl]-1-methyl-imidazole-4-sulfonamide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=427 Calculated for C 22 H 26 N 4 O 3 S=426
Example A12
N-[2-[3-benzyl-2-(2,2,2-trifluoroacetyhisoindolin-5-yl]oxyethyl]-1-methylpyrazole-4-sulfonamide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=509 Calculated for C 23 H 23 F 3 N 4 O 4 S=509
Example A13
N-[2-(3-benzyl-2-methyl-isoindolin-5-yl)oxyethyl]-1-methyl-pyrazole-4-sulfonamide; 2,2,2-trifluoroacetic acid
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=427 Calculated for C 22 H 26 N 4 O 3 S=426
Example A14
N-[2-(3-benzyl-2-methyl-isoindolin-5-yl)oxyethyl]-1-methyl-imidazole-4-sulfonamide; 2,2,2-trifluoroacetic acid
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=427 Calculated for C 22 H 26 N 4 O 3 S=426
Example A15
N-[2-[3-benzyl-2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)isoindolin-5-yl]oxyethyl]-1-methylpyrazole-4-sulfonamide; 2,2,2-trifluoroacetic acid
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=495 Calculated for C 23 H 25 F 3 N 4 O 3 S=494
Example A16
N-[2-[3-benzyl-2-(oxetan-3-yl)isoindolin-5-yl]oxyethyl]-1-methyl-pyrazole-4-sulfonamide; 2,2,2-trifluoroacetic acid
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=469 Calculated for C 24 H 28 N 4 O 4 S=468
Example A17
N-[2-(3-benzyl-3-methyl-1-oxo-isoindolin-5-yl)oxyethyl]-1-cyclopropylmethanesulfonamide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=415 Calculated for C 22 H 26 N 2 O 4 S=414
Example A18
N-[2-(3-benzyl-3-methyl-isoindolin-5-yl)oxyethyl]-1-cyclopropylmethanesulfonamide; 2,2,2-trifluoroacetic acid
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=401 Calculated for C 22 H 28 N 2 O 3 S=400
Example A19
N-[2-(3-benzyl-6-fluoro-1-oxo-isoindolin-5-yl)oxyethyl]-1-methyl-imidazole-4-sulfonamide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=443 Calculated for C 21 H 21 FN 4 O 4 S=444
Example A 20
N-(2-(3-benzyl-6-fluoro-2-methylisoindolin-5-yloxy)ethyl)-1-cyclopropylmethanesulfonamide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=419 Calculated for C 22 H 27 FN 2 O 3 S=418
1.PublishNumber: US-2012316153-A1
2.Date Publish: 20121213
3.Inventor: AMBERG WILHELM
LANGE UDO
OCHSE MICHAEL
POHLKI FRAUKE
BEHL BERTHOLD
MEZLER MARIO
HORNBERGER WILLFRIED
HUTCHINS CHARLES W.
4.Inventor Harmonized: AMBERG WILHELM(DE)
LANGE UDO(DE)
OCHSE MICHAEL(DE)
POHLKI FRAUKE(DE)
BEHL BERTHOLD(DE)
MEZLER MARIO(DE)
HORNBERGER WILLFRIED(DE)
HUTCHINS CHARLES W(US)
5.Country: US
6.Claims:
(en)The present invention relates to benzazepine derivatives of the formula (I)
or a physiologically tolerated salt thereof.
The present invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions comprising such benzazepine derivatives, and the use of such benzazepine derivatives for therapeutic purposes.
7.Description:
(en)CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS
This claims priority to U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/597,997, filed on Feb. 13, 2012, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/598,042, filed on Feb. 13, 2012, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 61/485,198, filed on May 12, 2011, the contents of all of which are herein fully incorporated by reference.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to benzazepine derivatives, pharmaceutical compositions comprising such benzazepine derivatives, and the use of such benzazepine derivatives for therapeutic purposes. The benzazepine derivatives are GlyT1 inhibitors.
Dysfunction of glutamatergic pathways has been implicated in a number of disease states in the human central nervous system (CNS) including but not limited to schizophrenia, cognitive deficits, dementia, Parkinson disease, Alzheimer disease and bipolar disorder. A large number of studies in animal models lend support to the NMDA hypofunction hypothesis of schizophrenia.
NMDA receptor function can be modulated by altering the availability of the co-agonist glycine. This approach has the critical advantage of maintaining activity-dependent activation of the NMDA receptor because an increase in the synaptic concentration of glycine will not produce an activation of NMDA receptors in the absence of glutamate. Since synaptic glutamate levels are tightly maintained by high affinity transport mechanisms, an increased activation of the glycine site will only enhance the NMDA component of activated synapses.
Two specific glycine transporters, GlyT1 and GlyT2 have been identified and shown to belong to the Na/Cl-dependent family of neurotransmitter transporters which includes taurine, gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), proline, monoamines and orphan transporters. GlyT1 and GlyT2 have been isolated from different species and shown to have only 50% identity at the amino acid level. They also have a different pattern of expression in mammalian central nervous system, with GlyT2 being expressed in spinal cord, brainstem and cerebellum and GlyT1 present in these regions as well as forebrain areas such as cortex, hippocampus, septum and thalamus. At the cellular level, GlyT2 has been reported to be expressed by glycinergic nerve endings in rat spinal cord whereas GlyT1 appears to be preferentially expressed by glial cells. These expression studies have led to the suggestion that GlyT2 is predominantly responsible for glycine uptake at glycinergic synapses whereas GlyT1 is involved in monitoring glycine concentration in the vicinity of NMDA receptor expressing synapses. Recent functional studies in rat have shown that blockade of GlyT1 with the potent inhibitor (N-[3-(4′-fluorophenyl)-3-(4′-phenylphenoxy)propyl])-sarcosine (NFPS) potentiates NMDA receptor activity and NMDA receptor-dependent long-term potentiation in rat.
Molecular cloning has further revealed the existence of three variants of GlyT1, termed GlyT-1a, GlyT-1b and GlyT-1c, each of which displays a unique distribution in the brain and peripheral tissues. The variants arise by differential splicing and exon usage, and differ in their N-terminal regions.
The physiological effects of GlyT1 in forebrain regions together with clinical reports showing the beneficial effects of GlyT1 inhibitor sarcosine in improving symptoms in schizophrenia patients suggest that selective GlyT1 inhibitors represent a new class of antipsychotic drugs.
Glycine transporter inhibitors are already known in the art, for example:
(see also Hashimoto K., Recent Patents on CNS Drug Discovery, 2006, 1, 43-53; Harsing L. G. et al., Current Medicinal Chemistry, 2006, 13, 1017-1044; Javitt D. C., Molecular Psychiatry (2004) 9, 984-997; Lindsley, C. W. et al., Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry, 2006, 6, 771-785; Lindsley C. W. et al., Current Topics in Medicinal Chemistry, 2006, 6, 1883-1896).
It was one object of the present invention to provide further glycine transporter inhibitors.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present invention relates to benzazepine derivatives of the formula (I)
wherein
R is R 1 —W-A 1 -Q-Y-A 2 -X 1 — or —CN; R 1 is hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, halogenated alkyl, trialkylsilylalkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, alkylcarbonylaminoalkyl, alkyloxycarbonylaminoalkyl, alkylaminocarbonylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminocarbonylaminoalkyl, alkylsulfonylaminoalkyl, (optionally substituted arylalkyl)aminoalkyl, optionally substituted arylalkyl, optionally substituted heterocyclylalkyl, cycloalkyl, alkylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, halogenated alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, alkylaminocarbonyl, (halogenated alkyl)aminocarbonyl, arylaminocarbonyl, alkenyl, alkynyl, optionally substituted aryl, hydroxy, alkoxy, halogenated alkoxy, hydroxyalkoxy, alkoxyalkoxy, aminoalkoxy, alkylaminoalkoxy, dialkylam inoalkoxy, alkylcarbonylaminoalkoxy, arylcarbonylaminoalkoxy, alkoxycarbonylam inoalkoxy, arylalkoxy, alkylsulfonylaminoalkoxy, (halogenated alkyl)sulfonylaminoalkoxy, arylsulfonylaminoalkoxy, (arylalkyl)sulfonylaminoalkoxy, heterocyclylsulfonylaminoalkoxy, heterocyclylalkoxy, aryloxy, heterocyclyloxy, alkylthio, halogenated alkylthio, alkylamino, (halogenated alkyl)amino, dialkylamino, di-(halogenated alkyl)amino, alkylcarbonylamino, (halogenated alkyl)carbonylamino, arylcarbonylamino, alkylsulfonylamino, (halogenated alkyl)sulfonylamino, arylsulfonylamino or optionally substituted heterocyclyl; W is —NR 8 — or a bond; A 1 is optionally substituted alkylene or a bond; Q is —S(O) 2 — or —C(O)—; Y is —NR 8 — or a bond; A 2 is optionally substituted alkylene, alkylene-CO—, —CO-alkylene, alkylene-O-alkylene, alkylene-NR 10 -alkylene, optionally substituted alkenylene, optionally substituted alkynylene, optionally substituted arylene, optionally substituted heteroarylene or a bond; X 1 is —O—, —NR 11 —, —S—, optionally substituted alkylene, optionally substituted alkenylen, optionally substituted alkynylene; R 2 is hydrogen, halogen, alkyl, halogenated alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, —CN, alkenyl, alkynyl, optionally substituted aryl, hydroxy, alkoxy, halogenated alkoxy, alkoxycarbonyl, alkenyloxy, arylalkoxy, alkylcarbonyloxy, alkylthio, alkylsulfinyl, alkylsulfonyl, aminosulfonyl, amino, alkylamino, alkenylamino, nitro or optionally substituted heterocyclyl, or two radicals R 2 together with the ring atoms of A to which they are bound form a 5- or 6-membered ring; A 3 is —CH 2 —, —O—, —NR 16 —, or —S—; R 3 is hydrogen, halogen, alkyl or alkoxy, or two radicals R 3 together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a carbonyl group; R 4 is hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, halogenated alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, CH 2 CN, arylalkyl, cycloalkyl, —CHO, alkylcarbonyl, (halogenated alkyl)carbonyl, arylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, alkylaminocarbonyl, alkenyl, —C(═NH)NH 2 , —C(═NH)NHCN, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, amino, —NO or heterocyclyl; X 2 is —O—, —NR 6 —, —S—, >CR 12a R 12b or a bond; X 3 is —O—, —NR 7 —, —S—, >CR 13a R 13b or a bond; R 5 is optionally substituted aryl, optionally substituted cycloalkyl or optionally substituted heterocyclyl; R 6 is hydrogen or alkyl; R 7 is hydrogen or alkyl; R 8 is hydrogen or alkyl; R 9 is hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkyl, aminoalkyl, optionally substituted arylalkyl or heterocyclyl; or R 9 , R 1 together are alkylene; or R 9 is alkylene that is bound to a carbon atom in A 2 and A 2 is alkylene or to a carbon atom in X 1 and X 1 is alkylene; R 10 is hydrogen, alkyl or alkylsulfonyl; R 11 is hydrogen or alkyl, or R 9 , R 11 together are alkylene, R 12a is hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, heterocyclylalkyl, optionally substituted aryl or hydroxy; R 12b is hydrogen or alkyl, or R 12a , R 12b
together are carbonyl or optionally substituted alkylene, wherein one —CH 2 — of alkylene may be replaced by an oxygen atom or —NR 14 —;
R 13a is hydrogen, optionally substituted alkyl, alkylaminoalkyl, dialkylaminoalkyl, heterocyclylalkyl, optionally substituted aryl or hydroxy; R 13b is hydrogen or alkyl, or R 13a , R 13b
together are carbonyl or optionally substituted alkylene, wherein one —CH 2 — of alkylene may be replaced by an oxygen atom or —NR 15 —;
R 14 is hydrogen or alkyl; R 15 is hydrogen or alkyl; and R 16 is hydrogen, alkyl, cycloalkylalkyl, halogenated alkyl, hydroxyalkyl, alkoxyalkyl, aminoalkyl, CH 2 CN, arylalkyl, cycloalkyl, —CHO, alkylcarbonyl, (halogenated alkyl)carbonyl, arylcarbonyl, alkoxycarbonyl, aryloxycarbonyl, alkylaminocarbonyl, alkenyl, —C(═NH)NH 2 , —C(═NH)NHCN, alkylsulfonyl, arylsulfonyl, amino, —NO or heterocyclyl,
or a physiologically tolerated salt thereof.
Thus, the present invention relates to benzazepine derivatives having the formula (Ia)
wherein R 1 , W, A 1 , Q, Y, A 2 , X 1 , R 2 , A 3 , R 3 , R 4 , X 2 , X 3 , R 5 are as defined herein.
Further, the present invention relates to benzazepine derivatives of formula (I) wherein R is —CN, i.e. benzazepine derivatives having the formula (Ib)
wherein R 2 , A 3 , R 3 , R 4 , X 2 , X 3 , R 5 are as defined herein.
Thus, the term benzazepine derivative is used herein to denote in particular benzazepines and benzazepine derivatives wherein the fused heterocyclic ring contains a further heteroatom.
Said compounds of formula (I), i.e., the benzazepine derivatives of formula (I) and their physiologically tolerated salts, are glycine transporter inhibitors and thus useful as pharmaceuticals. The compounds of formula (I) display good to moderate metabolic stability.
The present invention thus further relates to the compounds of formula (I) for use in therapy.
The present invention also relates to pharmaceutical compositions which comprise a carrier and a compound of formula (I).
In particular, said compounds, i.e., the benzazepine derivatives and their physiologically tolerated salts, are inhibitors of the glycine transporter GlyT1.
The present invention thus further relates to the compounds of formula (I) for use in inhibiting the glycine transporter.
The present invention also relates to the use of the compounds of formula (I) in the manufacture of a medicament for inhibiting the glycine transporter GlyT1 and corresponding methods of inhibiting the glycine transporter GlyT1.
Glycine transport inhibitors and in particular inhibitors of the glycine transporter GlyT1 are known to be useful in treating a variety of neurologic and psychiatric disorders.
The present invention thus further relates to the compounds of formula (I) for use in treating a neurologic or psychiatric disorder.
The present invention further relates to the compounds of formula (I) for use in treating pain.
The present invention also relates to the use of the compounds of formula (I) in the manufacture of a medicament for treating a neurologic or psychiatric disorder and corresponding methods of treating said disorders. The present invention also relates to the use of the compounds of formula (I) in the manufacture of a medicament for treating pain and corresponding methods of treating pain.
The present invention further relates to benzazepines derivatives of formula (II):
wherein L is an amino-protecting group, Y is NR 9 , and A 2 , X 1 , R 2 , A 3 , R 3 , R 4 , X 2 , X 3 , R 5 are defined as herein.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Provided that the benzazepine derivatives of the formula (I) of a given constitution may exist in different spatial arrangements, for example if they possess one or more centers of asymmetry, polysubstituted rings or double bonds, or as different tautomers, it is also possible to use enantiomeric mixtures, in particular racemates, diastereomeric mixtures and tautomeric mixtures, preferably, however, the respective essentially pure enantiomers, diastereomers and tautomers of the compounds of formula (I) and/or of their salts.
According to one embodiment, an enantiomer of the benzazepine derivatives of the present invention has the following formula:
wherein R, R 2 , A 3 , R 3 , R 4 , X 2 , X 3 , R 5 are as defined herein.
According to another embodiment, an enantiomer of the benzazepine derivatives of the present invention has the following formula:
wherein R, R 2 , A 3 , R 3 , R 4 , X 2 , X 3 , R 5 are as defined herein.
The physiologically tolerated salts of the benzazepine derivatives of the formula (I) are especially acid addition salts with physiologically tolerated acids. Examples of suitable physiologically tolerated organic and inorganic acids are hydrochloric acid, hydrobromic acid, phosphoric acid, sulfuric acid, C 1 -C 4 -alkylsulfonic acids, such as methanesulfonic acid, cycloaliphatic sulfonic acids, such as S-(+)-10-camphor sulfonic acid, aromatic sulfonic acids, such as benzenesulfonic acid and toluenesulfonic acid, di- and tricarboxylic acids and hydroxycarboxylic acids having 2 to 10 carbon atoms, such as oxalic acid, malonic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, lactic acid, tartaric acid, citric acid, glycolic acid, adipic acid and benzoic acid. Other utilizable acids are described, e.g., in Fortschritte der Arzneimittelforschung [Advances in drug research], Volume 10, pages 224 ff., Birkhauser Verlag, Basel and Stuttgart, 1966. The physiologically tolerated salts of the benzazepine derivatives also include salts of a physiologically tolerated anion with an benzazepine derivatives wherein one or more than one nitrogen atom is quaternized, e.g. with an alkyl residue (e.g. methyl or ethyl).
The present invention moreover relates to compounds of formula (I) as defined herein, wherein at least one of the atoms has been replaced by its stable, non-radioactive isotope (e.g., hydrogen by deuterium, 12 C by 13 C, 14 N by 15 N , 16 O by 18 O) and preferably wherein at least one hydrogen atom has been replaced by a deuterium atom.
Of course, such compounds contain more of the respective isotope than this naturally occurs and thus is anyway present in the compounds (I).
Stable isotopes (e.g., deuterium, 13 C, 15 N, 18 O) are nonradioactive isotopes which contain one or more additional neutron than the normally abundant isotope of the respective atom. Deuterated compounds have been used in pharmaceutical research to investigate the in vivo metabolic fate of the compounds by evaluation of the mechanism of action and metabolic pathway of the non-deuterated parent compound (Blake et al. J. Pharm. Sci. 64, 3, 367-391 (1975)). Such metabolic studies are important in the design of safe, effective therapeutic drugs, either because the in vivo active compound administered to the patient or because the metabolites produced from the parent compound prove to be toxic or carcinogenic (Foster et al., Advances in Drug Research Vol. 14, pp. 2-36, Academic press, London, 1985; Kato et al., J. Labelled Comp. Radiopharmaceut., 36(10):927-932 (1995); Kushner et al., Can. J. Physiol. Pharmacol., 77, 79-88 (1999).
Incorporation of a heavy atom particularly substitution of deuterium for hydrogen, can give rise to an isotope effect that could alter the pharmacokinetics of the drug. This effect is usually insignificant if the label is placed at a metabolically inert position of the molecule.
Stable isotope labeling of a drug can alter its physico-chemical properties such as pKa and lipid solubility. These changes may influence the fate of the drug at different steps along its passage through the body. Absorption, distribution, metabolism or excretion can be changed. Absorption and distribution are processes that depend primarily on the molecular size and the lipophilicity of the substance. These effects and alterations can affect the pharmacodynamic response of the drug molecule if the isotopic substitution affects a region involved in a ligand-receptor interaction.
Drug metabolism can give rise to large isotopic effect if the breaking of a chemical bond to a deuterium atom is the rate limiting step in the process. While some of the physical properties of a stable isotope-labeled molecule are different from those of the unlabeled one, the chemical and biological properties are the same, with one important exception: because of the increased mass of the heavy isotope, any bond involving the heavy isotope and another atom will be stronger than the same bond between the light isotope and that atom. In any reaction in which the breaking of this bond is the rate limiting step, the reaction will proceed slower for the molecule with the heavy isotope due to “kinetic isotope effect”. A reaction involving breaking a C-D bond can be up to 700 percent slower than a similar reaction involving breaking a C—H bond. If the C-D bond is not involved in any of the steps leading to the metabolite, there may not be any effect to alter the behavior of the drug. If a deuterium is placed at a site involved in the metabolism of a drug, an isotope effect will be observed only if breaking of the C-D bond is the rate limiting step. There is evidence to suggest that whenever cleavage of an aliphatic C—H bond occurs, usually by oxidation catalyzed by a mixed-function oxidase, replacement of the hydrogen by deuterium will lead to observable isotope effect. It is also important to understand that the incorporation of deuterium at the site of metabolism slows its rate to the point where another metabolite produced by attack at a carbon atom not substituted by deuterium becomes the major pathway a process called “metabolic switching”.
Deuterium tracers, such as deuterium-labeled drugs and doses, in some cases repeatedly, of thousands of milligrams of deuterated water, are also used in healthy humans of all ages, including neonates and pregnant women, without reported incident (e.g. Pons G and Rey E, Pediatrics 1999 104: 633; Coward W A et al., Lancet 1979 7: 13; Schwarcz H P, Control. Clin. Trials 1984 5(4 Suppl): 573; Rodewald L E et al., J. Pediatr. 1989 114: 885; Butte N F et al. Br. J. Nutr. 1991 65: 3; MacLennan A H et al. Am. J. Obstet. Gynecol. 1981 139: 948). Thus, it is clear that any deuterium released, for instance, during the metabolism of compounds of this invention poses no health risk.
The weight percentage of hydrogen in a mammal (approximately 9%) and natural abundance of deuterium (approximately 0.015%) indicates that a 70 kg human normally contains nearly a gram of deuterium. Furthermore, replacement of up to about 15% of normal hydrogen with deuterium has been effected and maintained for a period of days to weeks in mammals, including rodents and dogs, with minimal observed adverse effects (Czajka D M and Finkel A J, Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci. 1960 84: 770; Thomson J F, Ann. New York Acad. Sci. 1960 84: 736; Czakja D M et al., Am. J. Physiol. 1961 201: 357). Higher deuterium concentrations, usually in excess of 20%, can be toxic in animals. However, acute replacement of as high as 15%-23% of the hydrogen in humans' fluids with deuterium was found not to cause toxicity (Blagojevic N et al. in “Dosimetry & Treatment Planning for Neutron Capture Therapy”, Zamenhof R, Solares G and Harling 0 Eds. 1994. Advanced Medical Publishing, Madison Wis. pp. 125-134; Diabetes Metab. 23: 251 (1997)).
Increasing the amount of deuterium present in a compound above its natural abundance is called enrichment or deuterium-enrichment. Examples of the amount of enrichment include from about 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12, 16, 21, 25, 29, 33, 37, 42, 46, 50, 54, 58, 63, 67, 71, 75, 79, 84, 88, 92, 96, to about 100 mol %.
The hydrogens present on a particular organic compound have different capacities for exchange with deuterium. Certain hydrogen atoms are easily exchangeable under physiological conditions and, if replaced by deuterium atoms, it is expected that they will readily exchange for protons after administration to a patient. Certain hydrogen atoms may be exchanged for deuterium atoms by the action of a deuteric acid such as D 2 SO 4 /D 2 O. Alternatively, deuterium atoms may be incorporated in various combinations during the synthesis of compounds of the invention. Certain hydrogen atoms are not easily exchangeable for deuterium atoms. However, deuterium atoms at the remaining positions may be incorporated by the use of deuterated starting materials or intermediates during the construction of compounds of the invention.
Deuterated and deuterium-enriched compounds of the invention can be prepared by using known methods described in the literature. Such methods can be carried out utilizing corresponding deuterated and optionally, other isotope-containing reagents and/or intermediates to synthesize the compounds delineated herein, or invoking standard synthetic protocols known in the art for introducing isotopic atoms to a chemical structure. Relevant procedures and intermediates are disclosed, for instance in Lizondo, J et al., Drugs Fut, 21(11), 1116 (1996); Brickner, S J et al., J Med Chem, 39(3), 673 (1996); Mallesham, B et al., Org Lett, 5(7), 963 (2003); PCT publications WO1997010223, WO2005099353, WO1995007271, WO2006008754; U.S. Pat. Nos. 7,538,189; 7,534,814; 7,531,685; 7,528,131; 7,521,421; 7,514,068; 7,511,013; and US Patent Application Publication Nos. 20090137457; 20090131485; 20090131363; 20090118238; 20090111840; 20090105338; 20090105307; 20090105147; 20090093422; 20090088416; 20090082471, the methods are hereby incorporated by reference.
The organic moieties mentioned in the above definitions of the variables are—like the term halogen—collective terms for individual listings of the individual group members. The prefix C n -C m indicates in each case the possible number of carbon atoms in the group.
Unless indicated otherwise, the term “substituted” means that a radical is substituted with 1, 2 or 3, especially 1, substituent which are in particular selected from the group consisting of halogen, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, hydroxy-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyl-alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxyC 1 -C 4 -alkyl, amino-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkenyl, OH, SH, CN, CF 3 , O—CF 3 , COON, O—CH 2 —COON, C 1 -C 6 -alkoxy, C 1 -C 6 -alkylthio, C 3 -C 7 -cycloalkyl, COO—C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, CONH 2 , CONN—C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, SO 2 NH—C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, CON—(C 1 -C 6 -alkyl) 2 , SO 2 N—(C 1 -C 6 -alkyl) 2 , NH 2 , NH—C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, N—(C 1 -C 6 -alkyl) 2 , NH—(C 1 -C 4 -alkyl-C 6 -C 12 -aryl), NH—CO—C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, NH—SO 2 —C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, SP 2 —C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 6 -C 12 -aryl, O—C 6 -C 12 -aryl, O—CH 2 —C 6 -C 12 -aryl, CONH—C 6 -C 12 -aryl, SO 2 NH—C 6 -C 12 -aryl, CONH—C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyl, SO 2 NH—C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyl, SO 2 —C 6 -C 12 aryl, NH—SO 2 —C 6 -C 12 -aryl, NH—CO—C 6 -C 12 -aryl, NH—SO 2 —C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyl, NH—CO—C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyl and C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyl, wherein aryl and heterocyclyl in turn may be unsubstituted or substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -haloalkyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy and C 1 -C 4 -haloalkoxy.
The term halogen denotes in each case fluorine, bromine, chlorine or iodine, in particular fluorine or chlorine.
C 1 -C 4 -Alkyl is a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Examples of an alkyl group are methyl, C 2 -C 4 -alkyl such as ethyl, n-propyl, iso-propyl, n-butyl, 2-butyl, iso-butyl or tert-butyl. C 1 -C 2 -Alkyl is methyl or ethyl, C 1 -C 3 -alkyl is additionally n-propyl or isopropyl.
C 1 -C 6 -Alkyl is a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having from 1 to 6 carbon atoms. Examples include methyl, C 2 -C 4 -alkyl as mentioned herein and also pentyl, 1-methylbutyl, 2-methylbutyl, 3-methylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylpropyl, 1-ethylpropyl, hexyl, 1,1-dimethylpropyl, 1,2-dimethylpropyl, 1-methylpentyl, 2-methylpentyl, 3-methylpentyl, 4-methylpentyl, 1,1-dimethylbutyl, 1,2-dimethylbutyl, 1,3-dimethylbutyl, 2,2-dimethylbutyl, 2,3-dimethylbutyl, 3,3-dimethylbutyl, 1-ethylbutyl, 2-ethylbutyl, 1,1,2-trimethylpropyl, 1,2,2-trimethylpropyl, 1-ethyl-1-methylpropyl and 1-ethyl-2-methylpropyl.
Halogenated C 1 -C 4 -alkyl is a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 or 2 carbon atoms, wherein at least one, e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or all of the hydrogen atoms are replaced by 1, 2, 3, 4 or a corresponding number of identical or different halogen atoms, such as in halogenomethyl, dihalogenomethyl, trihalogenomethyl, (R)-1-halogenoethyl, (S)-1-halogenoethyl, 2-halogenoethyl, 1,1-dihalogenoethyl, 2,2-dihalogenoethyl, 2,2,2-trihalogenoethyl, (R)-1-halogenopropyl, (S)-1-halogenopropyl, 2-halogenopropyl, 3-halogenopropyl, 1,1-dihalogenopropyl, 2,2-dihalogenopropyl, 3,3-dihalogenopropyl, 3,3,3-trihalogenopropyl, (R)-2-halogeno-1-methylethyl, (S)-2-halogeno-1-methylethyl, (R)-2,2-dihalogeno-1-methylethyl, (S)-2,2-dihalogeno-1-methylethyl, (R)-1,2-dihalogeno-1-methylethyl, (S)-1,2-dihalogeno-1-methylethyl, (R)-2,2,2-trihalogeno-1-methylethyl, (S)-2,2,2-trihalogeno-1-methylethyl, 2-halogeno-1-(halogenomethyl)ethyl, 1-(dihalogenomethyl)-2,2-dihalogenoethyl, (R)-1-halogenobutyl, (S)-1-halogenobutyl, 2-halogenobutyl, 3-halogenobutyl, 4-halogenobutyl, 1,1-dihalogenobutyl, 2,2-dihalogenobutyl, 3,3-dihalogenobutyl, 4,4-dihalogenobutyl, 4,4,4-trihalogenobutyl, etc. Particular examples include the fluorinated C 1 -C 4 alkyl groups as defined, such as trifluoromethyl. C 6 -C 12 -Aryl-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl is a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 or 2 carbon atoms, in particular 1 or two carbon atoms, wherein one hydrogen atom is replaced by C 6 -C 12 -aryl, such as in benzyl.
Hydroxy-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl is a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 or 2 carbon atoms, wherein one or two hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or two hydroxyl groups, such as in hydroxymethyl, (R)-1-hydroxyethyl, (S)-1-hydroxyethyl, 2-hydroxyethyl, (R)-1-hydroxypropyl, (S)-1-hydroxypropyl, 2-hydroxypropyl, 3-hydroxypropyl, (R)-2-hydroxy-1-methylethyl, (S)-2-hydroxy-1-methylethyl, 2-hydroxy-1-(hydroxymethyl)ethyl, (R)-1-hydroxybutyl, (S)-1-hydroxybutyl, 2-hydroxybutyl, 3-hydroxybutyl, 4-hydroxybutyl.
C 1 -C 6 -Alkoxy-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl is a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 or 2 carbon atoms, wherein one or two hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or two alkoxy groups having 1 to 6, preferably 1 to 4, in particular 1 or 2 carbon atoms, such as in methoxymethyl, (R)-1-methoxyethyl, (S)-1-methoxyethyl, 2-methoxyethyl, (R)-1-methoxypropyl, (S)-1-methoxypropyl, 2-methoxypropyl, 3-methoxypropyl, (R)-2-methoxy-1-methylethyl, (S)-2-methoxy-1-methylethyl, 2-methoxy-1-(methoxymethyl)ethyl, (R)-1-methoxybutyl, (S)-1-methoxybutyl, 2-methoxybutyl, 3-methoxybutyl, 4-methoxybutyl, ethoxymethyl, (R)-1-ethoxyethyl, (S)-1-ethoxyethyl, 2-ethoxyethyl, (R)-1-ethoxypropyl, (S)-1-ethoxypropyl, 2-ethoxypropyl, 3-ethoxypropyl, (R)-2-ethoxy-1-methylethyl, (S)-2-ethoxy-1-methylethyl, 2-ethoxy-1-(ethoxymethyl)ethyl, (R)-1-ethoxybutyl, (S)-1-ethoxybutyl, 2-ethoxybutyl, 3-ethoxybutyl, 4-ethoxybutyl.
Amino-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl is a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 or 2 carbon atoms, in particular 1 or two carbon atoms, wherein one hydrogen atom is replaced by an amino group, such as in aminomethyl, 2-aminoethyl.
C 1 -C 6 -Alkylamino-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl is a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 or 2 carbon atoms, in particular 1 or two carbon atoms, wherein one hydrogen atom is replaced by a C 1 -C 6 -alkylamino group, in particular by a C 1 -C 4 -alkylamino group, such as in methylaminomethyl, ethylaminomethyl, n-propylaminomethyl, iso-propylaminomethyl, nbutylaminomethyl, 2-butylaminomethyl, iso-butylaminomethyl or tert-butylaminomethyl.
Di-C 1 -C 6 -Alkylamino-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl is a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 or 2 carbon atoms, in particular 1 or two carbon atoms, wherein one hydrogen atom is replaced by a di-C 1 -C 6 -Alkylamino group, in particular by a di-C 1 -C 4 -alkylamino group, such as in dimethylaminomethyl.
C 1 -C 6 -Alkylcarbonylamino-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl is a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 or 2 carbon atoms, in particular 1 or two carbon atoms, wherein one hydrogen atom is replaced by a C 1 -C 6 -alkylcarbonylamino group, in particular by a C 1 -C 4 -alkylcarbonylamino group, such as in methylcarbonylaminomethyl, ethylcarbonylaminomethyl, n-propylcarbonylaminomethyl, iso-propylcarbonylaminomethyl, n-butylcarbonylaminomethyl, 2-butylcarbonylaminomethyl, iso-butylcarbonylaminomethyl or tertbutylcarbonylaminomethyl.
C 1 -C 6 -Alkylaminocarbonylamino-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl is a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 or 2 carbon atoms, in particular 1 or two carbon atoms, wherein one hydrogen atom is replaced by a C 1 -C 6 -alkylaminocarbonylamino group, in particular by a C 1 -C 4 -alkylaminocarbonylamino group, such as in methylaminocarbonylaminomethyl, ethylaminocarbonylaminomethyl, npropylaminocarbonylaminomethyl, iso-propylaminocarbonylaminomethyl, nbutylaminocarbonylaminomethyl, 2-butylaminocarbonylaminomethyl, isobutylaminocarbonylaminomethyl or tert-butylaminocarbonylaminomethyl.
Di-C 1 -C 6 -alkylaminocarbonylamino-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl is a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 or 2 carbon atoms, in particular 1 or two carbon atoms, wherein one hydrogen atom is replaced by a di-C 1 -C 6 -alkylaminocarbonylamino group, in particular by a di-C 1 -C 4 -alkylaminocarbonylamino group, such as in dimethylaminocarbonylaminomethyl, dimethylaminocarbonylaminoethyl, dimethylaminocarbonylaminon-propyl.
C 1 -C 6 -Alkylsulfonylamino-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl is a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 or 2 carbon atoms, in particular 1 or two carbon atoms, wherein one hydrogen atom is replaced by a C 1 -C 6 -alkylsulfonylamino group, in particular by a C 1 -C 4 -alkylsulfonylamino group, such as in methylsulfonylaminomethyl, ethylsulfonylaminomethyl, n-propylsulfonylaminomethyl, isopropylsulfonylaminomethyl, n-butylsulfonylaminomethyl, 2-butylsulfonylaminomethyl, isobutylsulfonylaminomethyl or tert-butylsulfonylaminomethyl.
(C 6 -C 12 -Aryl-C 1 -C 6 -alkyl)amino-C 1 -C 4 alkyl is a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 or 2 carbon atoms, in particular 1 or two carbon atoms, wherein one hydrogen atom is replaced by a (C 6 -C 12 -aryl-C 1 -C 6 -alkyl)amino group, in particular a (C 6 -C 12 -aryl-C 1 -C 2 -alkyl)amino group, such as in benzylaminomethyl.
C 3 -C 12 -Heterocyclyl-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl is a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably 1 to 3 carbon atoms, more preferably 1 or 2 carbon atoms, in particular 1 or two carbon atoms, wherein one hydrogen atom is replaced by C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyl, such as in N-pyrrolidinylmethyl, N-piperidinylmethyl, N-morpholinylmethyl.
C 3 -C 12 -Cycloalkyl is a cycloaliphatic radical having from 3 to 12 carbon atoms. In particular, 3 to 6 carbon atoms form the cyclic structure, such as cyclopropyl, cyclobutyl, cyclopentyl and cyclohexyl. The cyclic structure may be unsubstituted or may carry 1, 2, 3 or 4 C 1 -C 4 alkyl radicals, preferably one or more methyl radicals.
Carbonyl is >C═O.
C 1 -C 6 -Alkylcarbonyl is a radical of the formula R—C(O)—, wherein R is an alkyl radical having from 1 to 6, preferably from 1 to 4, in particular 1 or 2 carbon atoms as defined herein. Examples include acetyl, propionyl, n-butyryl, 2-methylpropionyl, pivaloyl.
Halogenated C 1 -C 6 -alkylcarbonyl is C 1 -C 6 -alkylcarbonyl as defined herein, wherein at least one, e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or all of the hydrogen atoms are replaced by 1, 2, 3, 4 or a corresponding number of identical or different halogen atoms. Examples include fluoromethylcarbonyl, difluoromethylcarbonyl, trifluoromethylcarbonyl. Further examples are 1,1,1-trifluoroeth-2-ylcarbonyl, 1,1,1-trifluoroprop-3-ylcarbonyl.
C 6 -C 12 -Arylcarbonyl is a radical of the formula R—C(O)—, wherein R is an aryl radical having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms as defined herein. Examples include benzoyl.
C 1 -C 6 -Alkoxycarbonyl is a radical of the formula R—O—C(O)—, wherein R is an alkyl radical having from 1 to 6, preferably from 1 to 4, in particular 1 or 2 carbon atoms as defined herein. Examples include methoxycarbonyl and tert-butyloxycarbonyl.
Halogenated C 1 -C 6 -alkoxycarbonyl is a C 1 -C 6 -alkoxycarbonyl as defined herein, wherein at least one, e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or all of the hydrogen atoms are replaced by 1, 2, 3, 4 or a corresponding number of identical or different halogen atoms.
C 6 -C 12 -Aryloxycarbonyl is a radical of the formula R—O—C(O)—, wherein R is an aryl radical having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms as defined herein. Examples include phenoxycarbonyl.
Cyano is —C≡N.
Aminocarbonyl is NH 2 C(O)—.
C 1 -C 6 -Alkylaminocarbonyl is a radical of the formula R—NH—C(O)—, wherein R is an alkyl radical having from 1 to 6, preferably from 1 to 4, in particular 1 or 2 carbon atoms as defined herein. Examples include methylaminocarbonyl.
(Halogenated C 1 -C 4 -alkyl)aminocarbonyl is a C 1 -C 4 -alkylaminocarbonyl as defined herein, wherein at least one, e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or all of the hydrogen atoms are replaced by 1, 2, 3, 4 or a corresponding number of identical or different hydrogen atoms.
C 6 -C 12 -Arylaminocarbonyl is a radical of the formula R—NH—C(O)—, wherein R is an aryl radical having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms as defined herein. Examples include phenylaminocarbonyl.
C 2 -C 6 -Alkenyl is a singly unsaturated hydrocarbon radical having 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 carbon atoms, e.g. vinyl, allyl (2-propen-1-yl), 1-propen-1-yl, 2-propen-2-yl, methallyl(2-methylprop-2-en-1-yl) and the like. C 3 -C 5 -Alkenyl is, in particular, allyl, 1-methylprop-2-en-1-yl, 2-buten-1-yl, 3-buten-1-yl, methallyl, 2-penten-1-yl, 3-penten-1-yl, 4-penten-1-yl, 1-methylbut-2-en-1-yl or 2-ethylprop-2-en-1-yl.
C 2 -C 6 -Alkynyl is a singly unsaturated hydrocarbon radical having 2, 3, 4, 5 or 6 carbon atoms, e.g. ethynyl, 2-propyn-1-yl, 1-propyn-1-yl, 2-propyn-2-yl and the like. C 3 -C 5 -Alkynyl is, in particular, 2-propyn-1-yl, 2-butyn-1-yl, 3-butyn-1-yl, 2-pentyn-1-yl, 3-pentyn-1-yl, 4-pentyn-1-yl.
C 1 -C 4 -Alkylene is straight-chain or branched alkylene group having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Examples include methylene and ethylene. A further example is propylene. C 2 -C 4 -Alkenylene is straight-chain or branched alkenylene group having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms.
C 2 -C 4 -Alkynylene is straight-chain or branched alkynylene group having from 2 to 4 carbon atoms. Examples include propynylene.
C 6 -C 12 -Aryl is a 6- to 12-membered, in particular 6- to 10-membered, aromatic cyclic radical. Examples include phenyl and naphthyl.
C 3 -C 12 -Arylene is an aryl diradical. Examples include phen-1,4-ylene and phen-1,3-ylene.
Hydroxy is —OH.
C 1 -C 6 -Alkoxy is a radical of the formula R—O—, wherein R is a straight-chain or branched alkyl group having from 1 to 6, in particular 1 to 4 carbon atoms. Examples include methoxy, ethoxy, n-propoxy, isopropoxy, n-butoxy, 2-butoxy, iso-butoxy (2-methylpropoxy), tert.-butoxy pentyloxy, 1-methylbutoxy, 2-methylbutoxy, 3-methylbutoxy, 2,2-dimethylpropoxy, 1-ethylpropoxy, hexyloxy, 1,1-dimethylpropoxy, 1,2-dimethylpropoxy, 1-methylpentyloxy, 2-methylpentyloxy, 3-methylpentyloxy, 4-methylpentyloxy, 1,1-dimethylbutyloxy, 1,2-dimethylbutyloxy, 1,3-dimethylbutyloxy, 2,2-dimethylbutyloxy, 2,3-dimethylbutyloxy, 3,3-dimethylbutyloxy, 1-ethylbutyloxy, 2-ethylbutyloxy, 1,1,2-trimethylpropoxy, 1,2,2-trimethylpropoxy, 1-ethyl-1-methylpropoxy and 1-ethyl-2-methylpropoxy.
Halogenated C 1 -C 6 -alkoxy is a straight-chain or branched alkoxy group having from 1 to 6, preferably from 1 to 4, in particular 1 or 2 carbon atoms, wherein at least one, e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or all of the hydrogen atoms are replaced by 1, 2, 3, 4 or a corresponding number of identical or different halogen atoms, such as in halogenomethoxy, dihalogenomethoxy, trihalogenomethoxy, (R)-1-halogenoethoxy, (S)-1-halogenoethoxy, 2-halogenoethoxy, 1,1-dihalogenoethoxy, 2,2-dihalogenoethoxy, 2,2,2-trihalogenoethoxy, (R)-1-halogenopropoxy, (S)-1-halogenopropoxy, 2-halogenopropoxy, 3-halogenopropoxy, 1,1-dihalogenopropoxy, 2,2-dihalogenopropoxy, 3,3-dihalogenopropoxy, 3,3,3-trihalogenopropoxy, (R)-2-halogeno-1-methylethoxy, (S)-2-halogeno-1-methylethoxy, (R)-2,2-dihalogeno-1-methylethoxy, (S)-2,2-dihalogeno-1-methylethoxy, (R)-1,2-dihalogeno-1-methylethoxy, (S)-1,2-dihalogeno-1-methylethoxy, (R)-2,2,2-trihalogeno-1-methylethoxy, (S)-2,2,2-trihalogeno-1-methylethoxy, 2-halogeno-1-(halogenomethyl)ethoxy, 1-(dihalogenomethyl)-2,2-dihalogenoethoxy, (R)-1-halogenobutoxy, (S)-1-halogenobutoxy, 2-halogenobutoxy, 3-halogenobutoxy, 4-halogenobutoxy, 1,1-dihalogenobutoxy, 2,2-dihalogenobutoxy, 3,3-dihalogenobutoxy, 4,4-dihalogenobutoxy, 4,4,4-trihalogenobutoxy, etc. Particular examples include the fluorinated C 1 -C 4 alkoxy groups as defined, such as trifluoromethoxy.
C 1 -C 6 -Hydroxyalkoxy is an alkoxy radical having from 1 to 6, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms as defined herein, wherein one or two hydrogen atoms are replaced by hydroxy. Examples include 2-hydroxyethoxy, 3-hydroxypropoxy, 2-hydroxypropoxy, 1-methyl-2-hydroxyethoxy and the like.
C 1 -C 6 -Alkoxy-C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy is an alkoxy radical having from 1 to 4 carbon atoms, preferably 1 or 2 carbon atoms as defined herein, wherein one or two hydrogen atoms are replaced by one or two alkoxy radicals having from 1 to 6, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms as defined herein. Examples include methoxymethoxy, 2-methoxyethoxy, 1-methoxyethoxy, 3-methoxypropoxy, 2-methoxypropoxy, 1-methyl-1-methoxyethoxy, ethoxymethoxy, 2-ethoxyethoxy, 1-ethoxyethoxy, 3-ethoxypropoxy, 2-ethoxypropoxy, 1-methyl-1-ethoxyethoxy and the like.
Amino-C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy is an alkoxy radical having from 1 to 4, preferably 1 or 2 carbon atoms as defined herein, wherein one hydrogen atom is replaced by an amino group. Examples include 2-aminoethoxy.
C 1 -C 6 -Alkylamino-C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy is an alkoxy radical having from 1 to 4, preferably 1 or 2 carbon atoms as defined herein, wherein one hydrogen atom is replaced by an alkylamino group having from 1 to 6, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms as defined herein. Examples include methylaminomethoxy, ethylaminomethoxy, n-propylaminomethoxy, isopropylaminomethoxy, n-butylaminomethoxy, 2-butylaminomethoxy, isobutylaminomethoxy, tert-butylaminomethoxy, 2-(methylamino)ethoxy, 2-(ethylamino)ethoxy, 2-(n-propylamino)ethoxy, 2-(iso-propylamino)ethoxy, 2-(nbutylamino)ethoxy, 2-(2-butylamino)ethoxy, 2-(iso-butylamino)ethoxy, 2-(tertbutylamino)ethoxy.
Di-C 1 -C 6 -alkylamino-C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy is an alkoxy radical having from 1 to 4, preferably 1 or 2 carbon atoms as defined herein, wherein one hydrogen atom is replaced by a dialkylamino group having from 1 to 6, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms as defined herein. Examples include dimethylaminomethoxy, diethylaminomethoxy, N-methyl-N-ethylamino)ethoxy, 2-(dimethylamino)ethoxy, 2-(diethylamino)ethoxy, 2-(N-methyl-Nethylamino)ethoxy.
C 1 -C 6 -Alkylcarbonylamino-C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy is an alkoxy radical having from 1 to 4, preferably 1 or 2 carbon atoms as defined herein, wherein one hydrogen atom is replaced by an alkylcarbonylamino group wherein the alkyl group has from 1 to 6, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms as defined herein. Examples include methylcarbonylaminomethoxy, ethylcarbonylaminomethoxy, n-propylcarbonylaminomethoxy, isopropylcarbonylaminomethoxy, n-butylcarbonylaminomethoxy, 2-butylcarbonylaminomethoxy, iso-butylcarbonylaminomethoxy, tert-butylcarbonylaminomethoxy, 2-(methylcarbonylamino)ethoxy, 2-(ethylcarbonylamino)ethoxy, 2-(npropylcarbonylamino)ethoxy, 2-(iso-propylcarbonylamino)ethoxy, 2-(nbutylcarbonylamino)ethoxy, 2-(2-butylcarbonylamino)ethoxy, 2-(iso-butylcarbonylamino)ethoxy, 2-(tert-butylcarbonylamino)ethoxy.
C 6 -C 12 -Arylcarbonylamino-C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy is an alkoxy radical having from 1 to 4, preferably 1 or 2 carbon atoms as defined herein, wherein one hydrogen atom is replaced by a C 6 -C 12 -arylcarbonylamino group as defined herein. Examples include 2-(benzoylamino)ethoxy.
C 1 -C 6 -Alkoxycarbonylamino-C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy is an alkoxy radical having from 1 to 4, preferably 1 or 2 carbon atoms as defined herein, wherein one hydrogen atom is replaced by an alkoxycarbonylamino group wherein the alkoxy group has from 1 to 6, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms as defined herein. Examples include methoxycarbonylaminomethoxy, ethoxycarbonylaminomethoxy, n-propoxycarbonylaminomethoxy, isopropoxycarbonylaminomethoxy, n-butoxycarbonylaminomethoxy, 2-butoxycarbonylaminomethoxy, iso-butoxycarbonylaminomethoxy, tertbutoxycarbonylaminomethoxy, 2-(methoxycarbonylamino)ethoxy, 2-(ethoxycarbonylamino)ethoxy, 2-(n-propoxycarbonylamino)ethoxy, 2-(iso-propoxycarbonylamino)ethoxy, 2-(n-butoxycarbonylamino)ethoxy, 2-(2-butoxycarbonylamino)ethoxy, 2-(isobutoxycarbonylamino)ethoxy, 2-(tert-butoxycarbonylamino)ethoxy.
C 2 -C 6 -Alkenyloxy is a radical of the formula R—O—, wherein R is a straight-chain or branched alkenyl group having from 2 to 6, in particular 2 to 4 carbon atoms. Examples include vinyloxy, allyloxy (2-propen-1-yloxy), 1-propen-1-yloxy, 2-propen-2-yloxy, methallyloxy (2-methylprop-2-en-1-yloxy) and the like. C 3 -C 5 -Alkenyloxy is, in particular, allyloxy, 1-methylprop-2-en-1-yloxy, 2-buten-1-yloxy, 3-buten-1-yloxy, methallyloxy, 2-penten-1-yloxy, 3-penten-1-yloxy, 4-penten-1-yloxy, 1-methylbut-2-en-1-yloxy or 2-ethylprop-2-en-1-yloxy.
C 6 -C 12 -Aryl-C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy is an alkoxy radical having from 1 to 4, preferably 1 or 2 carbon atoms as defined herein, wherein one hydrogen atom is replaced by a C 6 -C 12 -aryl group as defined herein. Examples include benzyloxy.
C 1 -C 6 -Alkylsulfonylamino-C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy is an alkoxy radical having from 1 to 4, preferably 1 or 2 carbon atoms as defined herein, wherein one hydrogen atom is replaced by an alkylsulfonylamino group having from 1 to 6, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms as defined herein. Examples include 2-(methylsulfonylamino)ethoxy, 2-(ethylsulfonylamino)ethoxy, 2-[(2-methylpropyl)sulfonylamino]ethoxy.
(Halogenated C 1 -C 6 -alkyl)sulfonylamino-C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy is an alkoxy radical having from 1 to 4, preferably 1 or 2 carbon atoms as defined herein, wherein one hydrogen atom is replaced by an alkylsulfonylamino group having from 1 to 6, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms as defined herein, wherein the alkyl group is halogenated. Examples include 2-(trifluoromethylsulfonylamino)ethoxy.
C 6 -C 12 -Arylsulfonylamino-C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy is an alkoxy radical having from 1 to 4, preferably 1 or 2 carbon atoms as defined herein, wherein one hydrogen atom is replaced by a C 6 -C 12 -arylsulfonylamino group as defined herein. Examples include 2-(phenylsulfonylamino)ethoxy, 2-(naphthylsulfonylamino)ethoxy.
(C 6 -C 12 -Aryl-C 1 -C 6 -alkyl)sulfonylamino-C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy is an alkoxy radical having from 1 to 4, preferably 1 or 2 carbon atoms as defined herein, wherein one hydrogen atom is replaced by a (C 6 -C 12 -aryl-C 1 -C 6 -alkyl)sulfonylamino group, preferably by a (C 6 -C 12 -aryl-C 1 -C 2 -alkyl)sulfonylamino group. Examples include 2-(benzylsulfonylamino)ethoxy.
C 3 -C 12 -Heterocyclylsulfonylamino-C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy is an alkoxy radical having from 1 to 4, preferably 1 or 2 carbon atoms as defined herein, wherein one hydrogen atom is replaced by a C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclylsulfonylamino group as defined herein. Examples include 2-(pyridin-3-yl-sulfonylamino)ethoxy.
C 3 -C 12 -Heterocyclyl-C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy is an alkoxy radical having from 1 to 4, preferably 1 or 2 carbon atoms as defined herein, wherein one hydrogen atom is replaced by a C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyl group as defined herein. Examples include 2-(N-pyrrolidinyl)ethoxy, 2-(Nmorpholinyl)ethoxy and 2-(N-imidazolyl)ethoxy.
C 1 -C 2 -Alkylenedioxo is a radical of the formula —O—R—O—, wherein R is a straight-chain or branched alkylene group having from 1 or 2 carbon atoms as defined herein. Examples include methylenedioxo.
C 6 -C 12 -Aryloxy is a radical of the formula R—O—, wherein R is an aryl group having from 6 to 12, in particular 6 carbon atoms as defined herein. Examples include phenoxy.
C 3 -C 12 -Heterocyclyloxy is a radical of the formula R—O—, wherein R is a C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyl group having from 3 to 12, in particular from 3 to 7 carbon atoms as defined herein. Examples include pyridin-2-yloxy.
C 1 -C 6 -Alkylthio is a radical of the formula R—S—, wherein R is an alkyl radical having from 1 to 6, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms as defined herein. Examples include methylthio, ethylthio, propylthio, butylthio, pentylthio, 1-methylbutylthio, 2-methylbutylthio, 3-methylbutylthio, 2,2-dimethylpropylthio, 1-ethylpropylthio, hexylthio, 1,1-dimethylpropylthio, 1,2-dimethylpropylthio, 1-methylpentylthio, 2-methylpentylthio, 3-methylpentylthio, 4-methylpentylthio, 1,1-dimethylbutylthio, 1,2-dimethylbutylthio, 1,3-dimethylbutylthio, 2,2-dimethylbutylthio, 2,3-dimethylbutylthio, 3,3-dimethylbutylthio, 1-ethylbutylthio, 2-ethylbutylthio, 1,1,2-trimethylpropylthio, 1,2,2-trimethylpropylthio, 1-ethyl-1-methylpropyl and 1-ethyl-2-methylpropyl.
Halogenated C 1 -C 6 -alkylthio is a radical of the formula R—S—, wherein R is a halogenated alkyl radical having from 1 to 6, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms as defined herein. Examples include halogenomethylthio, dihalogenomethylthio, trihalogenomethylthio, (R)-1-halogenoethylthio, (S)-1-halogenoethylthio, 2-halogenoethylthio, 1,1-dihalogenoethylthio, 2,2-dihalogenoethylthio, 2,2,2-trihalogenoethylthio, (R)-1-halogenopropylthio, (S)-1-halogenopropylthio, 2-halogenopropylthio, 3-halogenopropylthio, 1,1-dihalogenopropylthio, 2,2-dihalogenopropylthio, 3,3-dihalogenopropylthio, 3,3,3-trihalogenopropylthio, (R)-2-halogeno-1-methylethylthio, (S)-2-halogeno-1-methylethylthio, (R)-2,2-dihalogeno-1-methylethylthio, (S)-2,2-dihalogeno-1-methylethylthio, (R)-1,2-dihalogeno-1-methylethylthio, (S)-1,2-dihalogeno-1-methylethylthio, (R)-2,2,2-trihalogeno-1-methylethylthio, (S)-2,2,2-trihalogeno-1-methylethylthio, 2-halogeno-1-(halogenomethyl)ethylthio, 1-(dihalogenomethyl)-2,2-dihalogenoethylthio, (R)-1-halogenobutylthio, (S)-1-halogenobutylthio, 2-halogenobutylthio, 3-halogenobutylthio, 4-halogenobutylthio, 1,1-dihalogenobutylthio, 2,2-dihalogenobutylthio, 3,3-dihalogenobutylthio, 4,4-dihalogenobutylthio, 4,4,4-trihalogenobutylthio, etc. Particular examples include the fluorinated C 1 -C 4 alkylthio groups as defined, such as trifluoromethylthio.
C 1 -C 6 -Alkylsulfinyl is a radical of the formula R—S(O)—, wherein R is an alkyl radical having from 1 to 6, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms as defined herein. Examples include methylsulfinyl, ethylsulfinyl, propylsulfinyl, butylsulfinyl, pentylsulfinyl, 1-methylbutylsulfinyl, 2-methylbutylsulfinyl, 3-methylbutylsulfinyl, 2,2-dimethylpropylsulfinyl, 1-ethylpropylsulfinyl, hexylsulfinyl, 1,1-dimethylpropylsulfinyl, 1,2-dimethylpropylsulfinyl, 1-methylpentylsulfinyl, 2-methylpentylsulfinyl, 3-methylpentylsulfinyl, 4-methylpentylsulfinyl, 1,1-dimethylbutylsulfinyl, 1,2-dimethylbutylsulfinyl, 1,3-dimethylbutylsulfinyl, 2,2-dimethylbutylsulfinyl, 2,3-dimethylbutylsulfinyl, 3,3-dimethylbutylsulfinyl, 1-ethylbutylsulfinyl, 2-ethylbutylsulfinyl, 1,1,2-trimethylpropylsulfinyl, 1,2,2-trimethylpropylsulfinyl, 1-ethyl-1-methylpropyl and 1-ethyl-2-methylpropyl.
C 1 -C 6 -Alkylsulfonyl is a radical of the formula R—S(O) 2 —, wherein R is an alkyl radical having from 1 to 6, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms as defined herein. Examples include methylsulfonyl, ethylsulfonyl, propylsulfonyl, butylsulfonyl, pentylsulfonyl, 1-methylbutylsulfonyl, 2-methylbutylsulfonyl, 3-methylbutylsulfonyl, 2,2-dimethylpropylsulfonyl, 1-ethylpropylsulfonyl, hexylsulfonyl, 1,1-dimethylpropylsulfonyl, 1,2-dimethylpropylsulfonyl, 1-methylpentylsulfonyl, 2-methylpentylsulfonyl, 3-methylpentylsulfonyl, 4-methylpentylsulfonyl, 1,1-dimethylbutylsulfonyl, 1,2-dimethylbutylsulfonyl, 1,3-dimethylbutylsulfonyl, 2,2-dimethylbutylsulfonyl, 2,3-dimethylbutylsulfonyl, 3,3-dimethylbutylsulfonyl, 1-ethylbutylsulfonyl, 2-ethylbutylsulfonyl, 1,1,2-trimethylpropylsulfonyl, 1,2,2-trimethylpropylsulfonyl, 1-ethyl-1-methylpropyl and 1-ethyl-2-methylpropyl.
(Halogenated C 1 -C 6 -alkyl)sulfonyl is a C 1 -C 6 -alkylsulfonyl as defined herein, wherein at least one, e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or all of the hydrogen atoms are replaced by 1, 2, 3, 4 or a corresponding number of identical or different halogen atoms.
C 6 -C 12 -Arylsulfonyl is a radical of the formula R—S(O) 2 —, wherein R is an aryl radical having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms as defined herein. Examples include phenylsulfonyl.
(C 6 -C 12 -Aryl-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl)sulfonyl is a radical of the formula R—S(O) 2 —, wherein R is a C 6 -C 12 -aryl-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl radical, in particular a C 6 -C 12 -aryl-C 1 -C 2 -alkyl radical as defined herein. Examples include benzylsulfonyl.
C 3 -C 12 -Heterocyclylsulfonyl is a radical of the formula R—S(O) 2 —, wherein R is C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyl as defined herein.
Aminosulfonyl is NH 2 —S(O) 2 —.
C 1 -C 6 -Alkylaminosulfonyl is a radical of the formula R—NH—S(O) 2 — wherein R is an alkyl radical having from 1 to 6, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms as defined herein. Examples include methylaminosulfonyl, ethylaminosulfonyl, n-propylaminosulfonyl, isopropylaminosulfonyl, n-butylaminosulfonyl, 2-butylaminosulfonyl, iso-butylaminosulfonyl, tert-butylaminosulfonyl.
Di-C 1 -C 6 -alkylaminosulfonyl is a radical of the formula RR′N—S(O) 2 — wherein R and R′ are independently of each other an alkyl radical having from 1 to 6, preferably from 1 to 4 carbon atoms as defined herein. Examples include dimethylaminosulfonyl, diethylaminosulfonyl, N-methyl-N-ethylaminosulfonyl.
C 6 -C 12 -Arylaminosulfonyl is a radical of the formula R—NH—S(O) 2 — wherein R is an aryl radical having from 6 to 12, preferably 6 carbon atoms as defined herein.
Amino is NH 2 .
C 1 -C 6 -Alkylamino is a radical of the formula R—NH— wherein R is an alkyl radical having from 1 to 6, in particular from 1 to 4 carbon atoms as defined herein. Examples include methylamino, ethylamino, n-propylamino, iso-propylamino, n-butylamino, 2-butylamino, iso-butylamino, tert-butylamino.
(Halogenated C 1 -C 6 -alkyl)amino is a C 1 -C 6 -alkylamino as defined herein, wherein at least one, e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or all of the hydrogen atoms are replaced by 1, 2, 3, 4 or a corresponding number of identical or different halogen atoms.
Di-C 1 -C 6 -alkylamino is a radical of the formula RR′N— wherein R and R′ are independently of each other an alkyl radical having from 1 to 6, in particular from 1 to 4 carbon atoms as defined herein. Examples include dimethylamino, diethylamino, N-methyl-N-ethylamino.
Di-(halogenated C 1 -C 6 -alkyl)amino is a di-C 1 -C 6 -alkylamino as defined herein, wherein at least one, e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or all of the hydrogen atoms are replaced by 1, 2, 3, 4 or a corresponding number of identical or different halogen atoms.
C 1 -C 6 -Alkylcarbonylamino is a radical of the formula R—C(O)—NH—, wherein R is an alkyl radical having from 1 to 6, in particular from 1 to 4 carbon atoms as defined herein. Examples include acetamido (methylcarbonylamino), propionamido, n-butyramido, 2-methylpropionamido (isopropylcarbonylamino), 2,2-dimethylpropionamido and the like.
(Halogenated C 1 -C 6 -alkyl)carbonylamino is a C 1 -C 6 -alkylcarbonylamino as defined herein, wherein at least one, e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or all of the hydrogen atoms are replaced by 1, 2, 3, 4 or a corresponding number of identical or different halogen atoms.
C 6 -C 12 -Arylcarbonylamino is a radical of the formula R—C(O)—NH—, wherein R is an aryl radical having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms as defined herein. Examples include phenylcarbonylamino.
C 2 -C 6 -Alkenylamino is a radical of the formula R—NH—, wherein R is a straight-chain or branched alkenyl group having from 2 to 6, in particular 2 to 4 carbon atoms. Examples include vinylamino, allylamino (2-propen-1-ylamino), 1-propen-1-ylamino, 2-propen-2-ylamino, methallylamino (2-methylprop-2-en-1-ylamino) and the like. C 3 -C 5 -Alkenylamino is, in particular, allylamino, 1-methylprop-2-en-1-ylamino, 2-buten-1-ylamino, 3-buten-1-ylamino, methallylamino, 2-penten-1-ylamino, 3-penten-1-ylamino, 4-penten-1-ylamino, 1-methylbut-2-en-1-ylamino or 2-ethylprop-2-en-1-ylamino. C 1 -C 6 -Alkylsulfonylamino is a radical of the formula R—S(O) 2 —NH—, wherein R is an alkyl radical having from 1 to 6, in particular from 1 to 4 carbon atoms as defined herein. Examples include methylsulfonylamino, ethylsulfonylamino, n-propylsulfonylamino, isopropylsulfonylamino, n-butylsulfonylamino, 2-butylsulfonylamino, iso-butylsulfonylamino, tert-butylsulfonylamino.
(Halogenated C 1 -C 6 alkyl)sulfonylamino is a C 1 -C 6 -alkylsulfonylamino as defined herein, wherein at least one, e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4 or all of the hydrogen atoms are replaced by 1, 2, 3, 4 or a corresponding number of identical or different halogen atoms.
C 6 -C 12 -Arylsulfonylamino is a radical of the formula R—S(O) 2 —NH—, wherein R is an aryl radical having from 6 to 12 carbon atoms as defined herein. Examples include phenylsulfonylamino.
Nitro is —NO 2 .
C 3 -C 12 -Heterocyclyl is a 3- to 12-membered heterocyclic radical including a saturated heterocyclic radical, which generally has 3, 4, 5, 6, or 7 ring forming atoms (ring members), an unsaturated non-aromatic heterocyclic radical, which generally has 5, 6 or 7 ring forming atoms, and a heteroaromatic radical (hetaryl), which generally has 5, 6 or 7 ring forming atoms. The heterocyclic radicals may be bound via a carbon atom (C-bound) or a nitrogen atom (N-bound). Preferred heterocyclic radicals comprise 1 nitrogen atom as ring member atom and optionally 1, 2 or 3 further heteroatoms as ring members, which are selected, independently of each other from O, S and N. Likewise preferred heterocyclic radicals comprise 1 heteroatom as ring member, which is selected from O, S and N, and optionally 1, 2 or 3 further nitrogen atoms as ring members.
Examples of C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyl include:
C- or N-bound 3-4-membered, saturated rings, such as
2-oxiranyl, 2-oxetanyl, 3-oxetanyl, 2-aziridinyl, 3-thiethanyl, 1-azetidinyl, 2-azetidinyl, 3-azetidinyl;
C-bound, 5-membered, saturated rings, such as
tetrahydrofuran-2-yl, tetrahydrofuran-3-yl, tetrahydrothien-2-yl, tetrahydrothien-3-yl, tetrahydropyrrol-2-yl, tetrahydropyrrol-3-yl, tetrahydropyrazol-3-yl, tetrahydro-pyrazol-4-yl, tetrahydroisoxazol-3-yl, tetrahydroisoxazol-4-yl, tetrahydroisoxazol-5-yl, 1,2-oxathiolan-3-yl, 1,2-oxathiolan-4-yl, 1,2-oxathiolan-5-yl, tetrahydroisothiazol-3-yl, tetrahydroisothiazol-4-yl, tetrahydroisothiazol-5-yl, 1,2-dithiolan-3-yl, 1,2-dithiolan-4-yl, tetrahydroimidazol-2-yl, tetrahydroimidazol-4-yl, tetrahydrooxazol-2-yl, tetrahydrooxazol-4-yl, tetrahydrooxazol-5-yl, tetrahydrothiazol-2-yl, tetrahydrothiazol-4-yl, tetrahydrothiazol-5-yl, 1,3-dioxolan-2-yl, 1,3-dioxolan-4-yl, 1,3-oxathiolan-2-yl, 1,3-oxathiolan-4-yl, 1,3-oxathiolan-5-yl, 1,3-dithiolan-2-yl, 1,3-dithiolan-4-yl, 1,3,2-dioxathiolan-4-yl;
C-bound, 6-membered, saturated rings, such as
tetrahydropyran-2-yl, tetrahydropyran-3-yl, tetrahydropyran-4-yl, piperidin-2-yl, piperidin-3-yl, piperidin-4-yl, tetrahydrothiopyran-2-yl, tetrahydrothiopyran-3-yl, tetrahydrothiopyran-4-yl, 1,3-dioxan-2-yl, 1,3-dioxan-4-yl, 1,3-dioxan-5-yl, 1,4-dioxan-2-yl, 1,3-dithian-2-yl, 1,3-dithian-4-yl, 1,3-dithian-5-yl, 1,4-dithian-2-yl, 1,3-oxathian-2-yl, 1,3-oxathian-4-yl, 1,3-oxathian-5-yl, 1,3-oxathian-6-yl, 1,4-oxathian-2-yl, 1,4-oxathian-3-yl, 1,2-dithian-3-yl, 1,2-dithian-4-yl, hexahydropyrimidin-2-yl, hexahydropyrimidin-4-yl, hexahydropyrimidin-5-yl, hexahydropyrazin-2-yl, hexahydropyridazin-3-yl, hexahydropyridazin-4-yl, tetrahydro-1,3-oxazin-2-yl, tetrahydro-1,3-oxazin-4-yl, tetrahydro-1,3-oxazin-5-yl, tetrahydro-1,3-oxazin-6-yl, tetrahydro-1,3-thiazin-2-yl, tetrahydro-1,3-thiazin-4-yl, tetrahydro-1,3-thiazin-5-yl, tetrahydro-1,3-thiazin-6-yl, tetrahydro-1,4-thiazin-2-yl, tetrahydro-1,4-thiazin-3-yl, tetrahydro-1,4-oxazin-2-yl, tetrahydro-1,4-oxazin-3-yl, tetrahydro-1,2-oxazin-3-yl, tetrahydro-1,2-oxazin-4-yl, tetrahydro-1,2-oxazin-5-yl, tetrahydro-1,2-oxazin-6-yl;
N-bound, 5-membered, saturated rings, such as
tetrahydropyrrol-1-yl (pyrrolidin-1-yl), tetrahydropyrazol-1-yl, tetrahydroisoxazol-2-yl, tetrahydroisothiazol-2-yl, tetrahydroimidazol-1-yl, tetrahydrooxazol-3-yl, tetrahydrothiazol-3-yl;
N-bound, 6-membered, saturated rings, such as
piperidin-1-yl, hexahydropyrimidin-1-yl, hexahydropyrazin-1-yl (piperazin-1-yl), hexahydropyridazin-1-yl, tetrahydro-1,3-oxazin-3-yl, tetrahydro-1,3-thiazin-3-yl, tetrahydro-1,4-thiazin-4-yl, tetrahydro-1,4-oxazin-4-yl (morpholin-1-yl), tetrahydro-1,2-oxazin-2-yl;
C-bound, 5-membered, partially unsaturated rings, such as
2,3-dihydrofuran-2-yl, 2,3-dihydrofuran-3-yl, 2,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl, 2,5-di-hydrofuran-3-yl, 4,5-dihydrofuran-2-yl, 4,5-dihydrofuran-3-yl, 2,3-dihydro-thien-2-yl, 2,3-dihydrothien-3-yl, 2,5-dihydrothien-2-yl, 2,5-dihydrothien-3-yl, 4,5-dihydrothien-2-yl, 4,5-dihydrothien-3-yl, 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-2-yl, 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-3-yl, 2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-2-yl, 2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-3-yl, 4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-2-yl, 4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-3-yl, 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-2-yl, 3,4-dihydro-2H-pyrrol-3-yl, 3,4-dihydro-5H-pyrrol-2-yl, 3,4-dihydro-5H-pyrrol-3-yl, 4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-3-yl, 4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-4-yl, 4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-5-yl, 2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-3-yl, 2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-4-yl, 2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-5-yl, 4,5-dihydroisoxazol-3-yl, 4,5-dihydroisoxazol-4-yl, 4,5-dihydroisoxazol-5-yl, 2,5-dihydroisoxazol-3-yl, 2,5-dihydroisoxazol-4-yl, 2,5-dihydroisoxazol-5-yl, 2,3-dihydroisoxazol-3-yl, 2,3-dihydroisoxazol-4-yl, 2,3-dihydroisoxazol-5-yl, 4,5-dihydroisothiazol-3-yl, 4,5-dihydroisothiazol-4-yl, 4,5-dihydroisothiazol-5-yl, 2,5-dihydroisothiazol-3-yl, 2,5-dihydroisothiazol-4-yl, 2,5-dihydroisothiazol-5-yl, 2,3-dihydroisothiazol-3-yl, 2,3-dihydroisothiazol-4-yl, 2,3-dihydroisothiazol-5-yl, 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl, 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-4-yl, 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-5-yl, 2,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl, 2,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-4-yl, 2,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-5-yl, 2,3-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-yl, 2,3-dihydro-1H-imidazol-4-yl, 4,5-dihydro-oxazol-2-yl, 4,5-dihydrooxazol-4-yl, 4,5-dihydrooxazol-5-yl, 2,5-dihydrooxazol-2-yl, 2,5-dihydrooxazol-4-yl, 2,5-dihydrooxazol-5-yl, 2,3-dihydrooxazol-2-yl, 2,3-dihydrooxazol-4-yl, 2,3-dihydrooxazol-5-yl, 4,5-dihydrothiazol-2-yl, 4,5-dihydrothiazol-4-yl, 4,5-dihydrothiazol-5-yl, 2,5-dihydrothiazol-2-yl, 2,5-dihydrothiazol-4-yl, 2,5-dihydrothiazol-5-yl, 2,3-dihydrothiazol-2-yl, 2,3-dihydrothiazol-4-yl, 2,3-dihydrothiazol-5-yl, 1,3-dioxol-2-yl, 1,3-dioxol-4-yl, 1,3-dithiol-2-yl, 1,3-dithiol-4-yl, 1,3-oxathiol-2-yl, 1,3-oxathiol-4-yl, 1,3-oxathiol-5-yl;
C-bound, 6-membered, partially unsaturated rings, such as
2H-3,4-dihydropyran-6-yl, 2H-3,4-dihydropyran-5-yl, 2H-3,4-dihydropyran-4-yl, 2H-3,4-dihydropyran-3-yl, 2H-3,4-dihydropyran-2-yl, 2H-3,4-dihydrothiopyran-6-yl, 2H-3,4-dihydrothiopyran-5-yl, 2H-3,4-dihydrothiopyran-4-yl, 2H-3,4-dihydrothiopyran-3-yl, 2H-3,4-dihydrothiopyran-2-yl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridin-6-yl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridin-5-yl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl, 1,2,3,4-tetra-hydropyridin-3-yl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridin-2-yl, 2H-5,6-dihydropyran-2-yl, 2H-5,6-dihydropyran-3-yl, 2H-5,6-dihydropyran-4-yl, 2H-5,6-dihydropyran-5-yl, 2H-5,6-dihydropyran-6-yl, 2H-5,6-dihydrothiopyran-2-yl, 2H-5,6-dihydrothiopyran-3-yl, 2H-5,6-dihydrothiopyran-4-yl, 2H-5,6-dihydrothiopyran-5-yl, 2H-5,6-dihydrothiopyran-6-yl, 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridin-2-yl, 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridin-3-yl, 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl, 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridin-5-yl, 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridin-6-yl, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridin-2-yl, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridin-3-yl, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridin-4-yl, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridin-5-yl, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridin-6-yl, 4H-pyran-2-yl, 4H-pyran-3-yl, 4H-pyran-4-yl, 4H-thiopyran-2-yl, 4H-thiopyran-3-yl, 4H-thiopyran-4-yl, 1,4-dihydropyridin-2-yl, 1,4-dihydropyridin-3-yl, 1,4-dihydropyridin-4-yl, 2H-pyran-2-yl, 2H-pyran-3-yl, 2H-pyran-4-yl, 2H-pyran-5-yl, 2H-pyran-6-yl, 2H-thiopyran-2-yl, 2H-thiopyran-3-yl, 2H-thiopyran-4-yl, 2H-thiopyran-5-yl, 2H-thiopyran-6-yl, 1,2-dihydropyridin-2-yl, 1,2-dihydro-pyridin-3-yl, 1,2-dihydropyridin-4-yl, 1,2-dihydropyridin-5-yl, 1,2-dihydro-pyridin-6-yl, 3,4-dihydropyridin-2-yl, 3,4-dihydropyridin-3-yl, 3,4-dihydro-pyridin-4-yl, 3,4-dihydropyridin-5-yl, 3,4-dihydropyridin-6-yl, 2,5-dihydropyridin-2-yl, 2,5-dihydropyridin-3-yl, 2,5-dihydropyridin-4-yl, 2,5-dihydropyridin-5-yl, 2,5-dihydropyridin-6-yl, 2,3-dihydropyridin-2-yl, 2,3-dihydropyridin-3-yl, 2,3-dihydropyridin-4-yl, 2,3-dihydropyridin-5-yl, 2,3-dihydropyridin-6-yl, 2H-5,6-dihydro-1,2-oxazin-3-yl, 2H-5,6-dihydro-1,2-oxazin-4-yl, 2H-5,6-dihydro-1,2-oxazin-5-yl, 2H-5,6-dihydro-1,2-oxazin-6-yl, 2H-5,6-dihydro-1,2-thiazin-3-yl, 2H-5,6-dihydro-1,2-thiazin-4-yl, 2H-5,6-dihydro-1,2-thiazin-5-yl, 2H-5,6-dihydro-1,2-thiazin-6-yl, 4H-5,6-dihydro-1,2-oxazin-3-yl, 4H-5,6-dihydro-1,2-oxazin-4-yl, 4H-5,6-dihydro-1,2-oxazin-5-yl, 4H-5,6-dihydro-1,2-oxazin-6-yl, 4H-5,6-dihydro-1,2-thiazin-3-yl, 4H-5,6-dihydro-1,2-thiazin-4-yl, 4H-5,6-dihydro-1,2-thiazin-5-yl, 4H-5,6-dihydro-1,2-thiazin-6-yl, 2H-3,6-dihydro-1,2-oxazin-3-yl, 2H-3,6-dihydro-1,2-oxazin-4-yl, 2H-3,6-dihydro-1,2-oxazin-5-yl, 2H-3,6-dihydro-1,2-oxazin-6-yl, 2H-3,6-dihydro-1,2-thiazin-3-yl, 2H-3,6-dihydro-1,2-thiazin-4-yl, 2H-3,6-dihydro-1,2-thiazin-5-yl, 2H-3,6-dihydro-1,2-thiazin-6-yl, 2H-3,4-dihydro-1,2-oxazin-3-yl, 2H-3,4-dihydro-1,2-oxazin-4-yl, 2H-3,4-dihydro-1,2-oxazin-5-yl, 2H-3,4-dihydro-1,2-oxazin-6-yl, 2H-3,4-dihydro-1,2-thiazin-3-yl, 2H-3,4-dihydro-1,2-thiazin-4-yl, 2H-3,4-dihydro-1,2-thiazin-5-yl, 2H-3,4-dihydro-1,2-thiazin-6-yl, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridazin-3-yl, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridazin-4-yl, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridazin-5-yl, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridazin-6-yl, 3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridazin-3-yl, 3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyridazin-4-yl, 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridazin-3-yl, 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridazin-4-yl, 1,2,5,6-tetra-hydropyridazin-5-yl, 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridazin-6-yl, 1,2,3,6-tetrahydro-pyridazin-3-yl, 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridazin-4-yl, 4H-5,6-dihydro-1,3-oxazin-2-yl, 4H-5,6-dihydro-1,3-oxazin-4-yl, 4H-5,6-dihydro-1,3-oxazin-5-yl, 4H-5,6-dihydro-1,3-oxazin-6-yl, 4H-5,6-dihydro-1,3-thiazin-2-yl, 4H-5,6-dihydro-1,3-thiazin-4-yl, 4H-5,6-dihydro-1,3-thiazin-5-yl, 4H-5,6-dihydro-1,3-thiazin-6-yl, 3,4,5-6-tetrahydropyrimidin-2-yl, 3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-4-yl, 3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-5-yl, 3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-6-yl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrazin-2-yl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrazin-5-yl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydro-pyrimidin-2-yl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-4-yl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-5-yl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-6-yl, 2,3-dihydro-1,4-thiazin-2-yl, 2,3-dihydro-1,4-thiazin-3-yl, 2,3-dihydro-1,4-thiazin-5-yl, 2,3-dihydro-1,4-thiazin-6-yl, 2H-1,3-oxazin-2-yl, 2H-1,3-oxazin-4-yl, 2H-1,3-oxazin-5-yl, 2H-1,3-oxazin-6-yl, 2H-1,3-thiazin-2-yl, 2H-1,3-thiazin-4-yl, 2H-1,3-thiazin-5-yl, 2H-1,3-thiazin-6-yl, 4H-1,3-oxazin-2-yl, 4H-1,3-oxazin-4-yl, 4H-1,3-oxazin-5-yl, 4H-1,3-oxazin-6-yl, 4H-1,3-thiazin-2-yl, 4H-1,3-thiazin-4-yl, 4H-1,3-thiazin-5-yl, 4H-1,3-thiazin-6-yl, 6H-1,3-oxazin-2-yl, 6H-1,3-oxazin-4-yl, 6H-1,3-oxazin-5-yl, 6H-1,3-oxazin-6-yl, 6H-1,3-thiazin-2-yl, 6H-1,3-oxazin-4-yl, 6H-1,3-oxazin-5-yl, 6H-1,3-thiazin-6-yl, 2H-1,4-oxazin-2-yl, 2H-1,4-oxazin-3-yl, 2H-1,4-oxazin-5-yl, 2H-1,4-oxazin-6-yl, 2H-1,4-thiazin-2-yl, 2H-1,4-thiazin-3-yl, 2H-1,4-thiazin-5-yl, 2H-1,4-thiazin-6-yl, 4H-1,4-oxazin-2-yl, 4H-1,4-oxazin-3-yl, 4H-1,4-thiazin-2-yl, 4H-1,4-thiazin-3-yl, 1,4-dihydropyridazin-3-yl, 1,4-dihydropyridazin-4-yl, 1,4-dihydropyridazin-5-yl, 1,4-dihydropyridazin-6-yl, 1,4-dihydropyrazin-2-yl, 1,2-dihydropyrazin-2-yl, 1,2-dihydropyrazin-3-yl, 1,2-dihydropyrazin-5-yl, 1,2-dihydropyrazin-6-yl, 1,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-yl, 1,4-dihydropyrimidin-4-yl, 1,4-dihydropyrimidin-5-yl, 1,4-dihydropyrimidin-6-yl, 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-2-yl, 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-4-yl, 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-5-yl or 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-6-yl;
N-bound, 5-membered, partially unsaturated rings, such as
2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl, 2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrrol-1-yl, 4,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl, 2,5-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl, 2,3-dihydro-1H-pyrazol-1-yl, 2,5-dihydroisoxazol-2-yl, 2,3-dihydroisoxazol-2-yl, 2,5-dihydroisothiazol-2-yl, 2,3-dihydroisoxazol-2-yl, 4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-1-yl, 2,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-1-yl, 2,3-dihydro-1H-imidazol-1-yl, 2,3-dihydrooxazol-3-yl, 2,3-dihydrothiazol-3-yl;
N-bound, 6-membered, partially unsaturated rings, such as
1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridin-1-yl, 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridin-1-yl, 1,4-dihydro-pyridin-1-yl, 1,2-dihydropyridin-1-yl, 2H-5,6-dihydro-1,2-oxazin-2-yl, 2H-5,6-dihydro-1,2-thiazin-2-yl, 2H-3,6-dihydro-1,2-oxazin-2-yl, 2H-3,6-dihydro-1,2-thiazin-2-yl, 2H-3,4-dihydro-1,2-oxazin-2-yl, 2H-3,4-dihydro-1,2-thiazin-2-yl, 2,3,4,5-tetrahydropyridazin-2-yl, 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridazin-1-yl, 1,2,5,6-tetrahydropyridazin-2-yl, 1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridazin-1-yl, 3,4,5,6-tetrahydropyrimidin-3-yl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrazin-1-yl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-1-yl, 1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyrimidin-3-yl, 2,3-dihdro-1,4-thiazin-4-yl, 2H-1,2-oxazin-2-yl, 2H-1,2-thiazin-2-yl, 4H-1,4-oxazin-4-yl, 4H-1,4-thiazin-4-yl, 1,4-dihydropyridazin-1-yl, 1,4-dihydropyrazin-1-yl, 1,2-dihydropyrazin-1-yl, 1,4-dihydropyrimidin-1-yl or 3,4-dihydropyrimidin-3-yl;
C-bound, 5-membered, heteroaromatic rings, such as
2-furyl, 3-furyl, 2-thienyl, 3-thienyl, pyrrol-2-yl, pyrrol-3-yl, pyrazol-3-yl, pyrazol-4-yl, isoxazol-3-yl, isoxazol-4-yl, isoxazol-5-yl, isothiazol-3-yl, isothiazol-4-yl, isothiazol-5-yl, imidazol-2-yl, imidazol-4-yl, oxazol-2-yl, oxazol-4-yl, oxazol-5-yl, thiazol-2-yl, thiazol-4-yl, thiazol-5-yl, 1,2,3-oxadiazol-4-yl, 1,2,3-oxadiazol-5-yl, 1,2,4-oxadiazol-3-yl, 1,2,4,-oxadiazol-5-yl, 1,3,4-oxadiazol-2-yl, 1,2,3-thiadiazol-4-yl, 1,2,3-thiadiazol-5-yl, 1,2,4-thiadiazol-3-yl, 1,2,4-thiadiazol-5-yl, 1,3,4-thiadiazolyl-2-yl, 1,2,3-triazol-4-yl, 1,2,4-triazol-3-yl, tetrazol-5-yl;
C-bound, 6-membered, heteroaromatic rings, such as
pyridin-2-yl, pyridin-3-yl, pyridin-4-yl (4-pyridyl), pyridazin-3-yl, pyridazin-4-yl, pyrimidin-2-yl, pyrimidin-4-yl, pyrimidin-5-yl, pyrazin-2-yl, 1,3,5-triazin-2-yl, 1,2,4-triazin-3-yl, 1,2,4-triazin-5-yl, 1,2,4-triazin-6-yl, 1,2,4,5-tetrazin-3-yl;
N-bound, 5-membered, heteroaromatic rings, such as
pyrrol-1-yl, pyrazol-1-yl, imidazol-1-yl, 1,2,3-triazol-1-yl, 1,2,4-triazol-1-yl, tetrazol-1-yl.
Heterocyclyl also includes bicyclic heterocycles, which comprise one of the described 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic rings and a further anellated, saturated or unsaturated or aromatic carbocycle, such as a benzene, cyclohexane, cyclohexene or cyclohexadiene ring, or a further anellated 5- or 6-membered heterocyclic ring, this heterocyclic ring being saturated or unsaturated or aromatic. These include quinolinyl, isoquinolinyl, indolyl, indolizinyl, isoindolyl, indazolyl, benzofuryl, benzthienyl, benzo[b]thiazolyl, benzoxazolyl, benzthiazolyl and benzimidazolyl. Examples of 5- or 6-membered heteroaromatic compounds comprising an anellated cycloalkenyl ring include dihydroindolyl, dihydroindolizinyl, dihydroisoindolyl, dihydrochinolinyl, dihydroisoquinolinyl, chromenyl and chromanyl.
C 3 -C 12 -Heteroarylene is a heteroaryl diradical. Examples include pyrid-2,5-ylene and pyrid-2,4-ylene.
With respect to the compounds' capability of inhibiting glycine transporter 1, the variables R, R 1 , W, A 1 , Q, Y, A 2 , X 1 , R 2 , A 3 , R 3 , R 4 , X 2 , X 3 , R 5 , R 6 , R 7 , R 8 , R 9 , R 10 , R 11 , R 12 , R 13 , R 14 , R 15 , R 16 , R 17 preferably have the following meanings which, when taken alone or in combination, represent particular embodiments of the benzazepine derivatives of the formula (I) or any other formula disclosed herein.
In said formula (I), there may be one or more than one substituent R, R 2 and/or R 3 . More particularly, there may be up to 3 substituents R 2 , and up to 7 substituents R 3 . Preferably there is one substituent R and 1, 2 or 3 substituents R 2 . Formula (I) may thus be depicted as follows:
wherein a is 1, 2 or 3, b is 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 or 7 and c is 1. If there is more than one radical R 2 , these may be the same or different radicals. If there is more than one radical R 3 , these may be the same or different radicals.
According to one embodiment, R is cyano.
Preferably, R is R 1 —W-A 1 -Q-Y-A 2 -X 1 — and R 1 , W, A 1 , Q, Y, A 2 , X 1 , R 2 , A 3 , R 3 , R 4 , X 2 , X 3 , R 5 are as defined herein.
R 1 is hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl (e.g. methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, n-butyl, sec-butyl or npentyl), C 3 -C 12 -cycloalkyl-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl (e.g. cyclopropylmethyl, cyclopentylmethyl or cyclohexylmethyl), halogenated C 1 -C 6 -alkyl (e.g. 3-fluoroprop-1-yl, 3-chloroprop-1-yl or 3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-yl), tri-(C 1 -C 4 -alkyl)-silyl-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl (e.g. trimethylsilylethyl), hydroxy-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkoxy-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl (e.g. ethoxyethyl), amino-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkylamino-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, di-C 1 -C 6 -alkylamino-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkylcarbonylamino-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkyloxycarbonylamino-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkylaminocarbonylamino-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, di-C 1 -C 6 -alkylaminocarbonylamino-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkylsulfonylamino-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, (optionally substituted C 6 -C 12 -aryl-C 1 -C 6 -alkyl)amino-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, optionally substituted C 6 -C 12 -arylC 1 -C 4 -alkyl, optionally substituted C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyl-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 3 -C 12 -cycloalkyl (e.g. cyclopropyl or cyclobutyl), C 1 -C 6 -alkylcarbonyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkoxycarbonyl, halogenated C 1 -C 6 -alkoxycarbonyl, C 6 -C 12 -aryloxycarbonyl, aminocarbonyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkylaminocarbonyl, (halogenated C 1 -C 4 -alkyl)aminocarbonyl, C 6 -C 12 -arylaminocarbonyl, C 2 -C 6 -alkenyl (e.g. prop-1,2-en-1-yl), C 2 -C 6 -alkynyl, optionally substituted C 6 -C 12 -aryl (e.g. phenyl, 2-methylphenyl), hydroxy, C 1 -C 6 -alkoxy (e.g. tert-butyloxy), halogenated C 1 -C 6 -alkoxy, C 1 -C 6 -hydroxyalkoxy, C 1 -C 6 -alkoxy-C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy, amino-C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy, C 1 -C 6 -alkylamino-C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy, di-C 1 -C 6 -alkylamino-C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy, C 1 -C 6 -alkylcarbonylamino-C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy, C 6 -C 12 -arylcarbonylamino-C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy, C 1 -C 6 -alkoxycarbonylamino-C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy, C 6 -C 12 -aryl-C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy, C 1 -C 6 -alkylsulfonylamino-C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy, (halogenated C 1 -C 6 -alkyl)sulfonylamino-C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy, C 6 -C 12 -arylsulfonylamino-C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy, (C 6 -C 12 -aryl-C 1 -C 6 -alkyl)sulfonylamino-C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy, C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclylsulfonylamino-C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy, C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyl-C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy, C 6 -C 12 -aryloxy, C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyloxy, C 1 -C 6 -alkylthio, halogenated C 1 -C 6 -alkylthio, C 1 -C 6 -alkylamino, (halogenated C 1 -C 6 -alkyl)amino, di-C 1 -C 6 -alkylamino (e.g. dimethylamino), di-(halogenated C 1 -C 6 -alkyl)amino, C 1 -C 6 -alkylcarbonylamino, (halogenated C 1 -C 6 -alkyl)carbonylamino, C 6 -C 12 -arylcarbonylamino, C 1 -C 6 -alkylsulfonylamino, (halogenated C 1 -C 6 -alkyl)sulfonylamino, C 6 -C 12 -arylsulfonylamino or optionally substituted C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyl (e.g. 3-pyridyl, 2-thienyl, 4-methyl-2-thienyl, 5-methyl-2-thienyl, 5-chloro-2-thienyl, 2,5-dimethyl-3-thienyl, 1,2-diazol-4-yl, 1-methyl-1,2-diazol-4-yl, 1-ethyl-1,2-diazol-4-yl, 1-difluormethyl-1,2-diazol-4-yl, 2-methyl-1,3-diazol-4-yl, 1-methyl-1,3-diazol-4-yl, 2-methyl-1,3-thiazol-5-yl, 2,4-dimethyl-1,3-thiazol-5-yl, 3-pyrrolidinyl, 1-methyl-pyrrol-3-yl, 2-pyridyl, 1-methyl-1,2-diazol-3-yl, 1-methyl-3-trifluoromethyl-1,2-diazol-4-yl, 1,2-dimethyl-1,3-diazol-4-yl, 5-methylisoxazol-3-yl or 1-methyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl).
Preferably, R 1 is C 1 -C 6 -alkyl (e.g. methyl, ethyl, n-propyl, isopropyl, sec-butyl, n-butyl or npentyl), C 3 -C 12 -cycloalkyl-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl (e.g. cyclopropylmethyl, cyclopentylmethyl or cyclohexylmethyl), halogenated C 1 -C 6 -alkyl (e.g. 3-fluoroprop-1-yl, 3-chloroprop-1-yl or 3,3,3-trifluoroprop-1-yl), tri-(C 1 -C 4 -alkyl)-silyl-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl (e.g. trimethylsilylethyl), C 1 -C 6 -alkoxyC 1 -C 4 -alkyl (e.g. ethoxyethyl), amino-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkylamino-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, di-C 1 -C 6 -alkylamino-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkyloxycarbonylamino-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkylaminocarbonylamino-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 6 -C 12 -aryl-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 3 -C 12 -cycloalkyl (e.g. cyclopropyl or cyclobutyl), C 2 -C 6 -alkenyl (e.g. prop-1,2-en-1-yl), optionally substituted C 6 -C 12 -aryl (e.g. phenyl), hydroxy, C 1 -C 6 -alkylamino, (halogenated C 1 -C 6 -alkyl)amino, di-C 1 -C 6 -alkylamino or optionally substituted C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyl (e.g. 3-pyridyl, 2-thienyl, 4-methyl-2-thienyl, 5-methyl-2-thienyl, 5-chloro-2-thienyl, 2,5-dimethyl-3-thienyl, 1,2-diazol-4-yl, 1-methyl-1,2-diazol-4-yl, 1-ethyl-1,2-diazol-4-yl, 1-difluormethyl-1,2-diazol-4-yl, 2-methyl-1,3-diazol-4-yl, 1-methyl-1,3-diazol-4-yl, 2-methyl-1,3-thiazol-5-yl, 2,4-dimethyl-1,3-thiazol-5-yl or 3-pyrrolidinyl).
In particular, R 1 is C 1 -C 6 -alkyl (e.g. ethyl or n-propyl), C 3 -C 12 -cycloalkyl-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl (e.g. cyclopropylmethyl), C 3 -C 12 -cycloalkyl (e.g. cyclobutyl), or optionally substituted C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyl (e.g. 3-pyridyl, 1-methyl-1,2-diazol-4-yl, 1-methyl-1,3-diazol-4-yl, 3-oxetanyl, 1-methyl-pyrrol-3-yl).
In connection with R 1 , substituted C 6 -C 12 -aryl in particular includes C 6 -C 12 -aryl, such as phenyl or naphthyl, substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -haloalkyl, cyano, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy, C 1 -C 4 -haloalkoxy, amino, C 1 -C 4 -alkylamino, C 1 -C 4 -dialkylamino, morpholino and piperidinyl. The same applies to substituted C 6 -C 12 -aryl in substituted C 6 -C 12 -aryl-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl.
In connection with R 1 , substituted C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyl in particular includes C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyl, such as pyridyl, thienyl, diazolyl, quinolinyl, piperidinyl, piperazinyl or morpholinyl, pyrrolyl, isoxazolyl and triazolyl being further examples of such C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyl, substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -haloalkyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxycarbonyl, cyano, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy, C 1 -C 4 -haloalkoxy, C 1 -C 4 -alkylsulfonyl, amino, C 1 -C 4 -alkylamino, C 1 -C 4 -dialkylamino, C 6 -C 12 -arylamino and C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyl (e.g., morpholino or piperidinyl). The same applies to substituted C 3 -C 12 -heteroaryl in substituted C 3 -C 12 -heteroaryl-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl.
According to one embodiment, W is —NR 8 — and Y is a bond. According to an alternative embodiment, W is a bond and Y is —NR 9 —. According to a further alternative embodiment, W is a bond and Y is a bond, especially if R 1 is a nitrogen-bound radical, e.g. nitrogen-bound heterocyclyl such as piperazinyl or morpholinyl.
According to one embodiment, Q is —S(O) 2 —. According to an alternative embodiment, Q is —C(O)—.
According to a particular embodiment, —W-A 1 -Q-Y— is —W-A 1 -S(O) 2 —NR 9 —, —NR 8 —S(O) 2 —, -A 1 -S(O) 2 — or —S(O) 2 —. According to a further particular embodiment, —W-A 1 -Q-Y— is —W-A 1 -CO—NR 9 — or —NR 8 —CO—.
A 1 is optionally substituted C 1 -C 4 -alkylene or a bond. In connection with A 1 , substituted C 1 -C 4 -alkylene in particular includes C 1 -C 4 -alkylene substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl and cyano. Preferably, A 1 is a bond. If A 1 is C 1 -C 4 -alkylene, W is preferably —NR 8 —.
A 2 is optionally substituted C 1 -C 4 -alkylene (e.g. 1,2-ethylene), C 1 -C 4 -alkylene-CO—, —CO—C 1 -C 4 -alkylene, C 1 -C 4 -alkylene-O—C 1 -C 4 -alkylene, C 1 -C 4 -alkylene-NR 10 —C 1 -C 4 -alkylene, optionally substituted C 6 -C 12 -arylene, optionally substituted C 6 -C 12 -heteroarylene or a bond. Additionally, A 2 may be optionally substituted C 2 -C 4 -alkenylen or optionally substituted C 2 -C 4 -alkynylene. Preferably, A 2 is optionally substituted C 1 -C 4 -alkylene (e.g. 1,2-ethylene). More preferably, A 2 is C 1 -C 4 -alkylene (e.g. 1,2-ethylene). Alternatively, it is preferred that A 2 is optionally substituted C 6 -C 12 -arylene, in particular C 6 -C 12 -arylene selected from the group consisting of phen-1,4-ylene and phen-1,3-ylene, or optionally substituted C 6 -C 12 -heteroarylene, in particular C 6 -C 12 -heteroarylene selected from the group consisting of pyrid-2,5-ylene and pyrid-2,4-ylene. If A 2 is a bond, X 1 is preferably optionally substituted C 1 -C 4 -alkylene. Alternatively, if A 2 is a bond, X 1 is in particular optionally substituted C 2 -C 4 -alkenylene or optionally substituted C 2 -C 4 -alkynylene.
In connection with A 2 , substituted C 1 -C 4 -alkylene in particular includes C 1 -C 4 -alkylene substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -haloalkyl and cyano.
In connection with A 2 , substituted C 2 -C 4 -alkenylene or substituted C 2 -C 4 -alkynylene in particular includes C 2 -C 4 -alkenylene or C 2 -C 4 -alkynylene substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -haloalkyl and cyano.
In connection with A 2 , substituted C 6 -C 12 -arylene in particular includes C 6 -C 12 -arylene substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -haloalkyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxycarbonyl, cyano, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy, C 1 -C 4 -haloalkoxy, C 1 -C 4 -alkylsulfonyl, amino, C 1 -C 4 -alkylamino, C 1 -C 4 -dialkylamino, C 6 -C 12 -arylamino and C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyl (e.g., morpholino or piperidinyl).
In connection with A 2 , substituted C 6 -C 12 -heteroarylene in particular includes C 6 -C 12 -heteroarylene substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -haloalkyl, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxycarbonyl, cyano, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy, C 1 -C 4 -haloalkoxy, C 1 -C 4 -alkylsulfonyl, amino, C 1 -C 4 -alkylamino, C 1 -C 4 -dialkylamino, C 6 -C 12 -arylamino and C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyl (e.g, morpholino or piperidinyl).
X 1 is —O—, —NR 11 —, —S— or optionally substituted C 1 -C 4 -alkylene (e.g. —CH 2 —, 1,2-ethylene or 1,3-popylene). In connection with X 1 , substituted C 1 -C 4 -alkylene in particular includes C 1 -C 4 -alkylene substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -haloalkyl and cyano. Additionally, X 1 may be optionally substituted C 2 -C 4 -alkenylen or optionally substituted C 2 -C 4 -alkynylene (e.g. propynylene). In connection with X 1 , substituted C 2 -C 4 -alkenylene or substituted C 2 -C 4 -alkynylene in particular includes C 2 -C 4 -alkenylene or C 2 -C 4 -alkynylene substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -haloalkyl and cyano. Preferably, X 1 is —O—, —NR 11 , —S—. More preferably, X 1 is —O—. Alternatively, it is preferred if X 1 is optionally substituted C 1 -C 4 -alkylene (e.g. —CH 2 —, 1,2-ethylene or 1,3-propylene).
According to a particular embodiment, A 2 is a bond and X 1 is optionally substituted C 1 -C 4 -alkylene, optionally substituted C 2 -C 4 -alkenylene or optionally substituted C 2 -C 4 -alkynylene.
According to a particular embodiment, R 1 —W-A 1 -Q-Y-A 2 -X 1 — is R 1 —S(O) 2 —NH-A 2 -X 1 —, R 1 —NH—S(O) 2 -A 2 -X 1 —, R 1 —C(O)—NH-A 2 -X 1 — or R 1 —NH—C(O)-A 2 -X 1 —.
According to a particular embodiment, the structural element —Y-A 2 -X 1 — comprises at least 2, 3 or 4 atoms in the main chain. According to further particular embodiments the structural element —Y-A 2 -X 1 — has up to 4, 5 or 6 atoms in the main chain, such as 2 to 6, 2 to 5 or 2 to 4 atoms in the main chain, especially 2, 3 or 4 atoms in the main chain.
According to a further particular embodiment, —Y-A 2 -X 1 — is —C 1 -C 4 -alkylene-O— or —NR 9 —C 1 -C 4 -alkylene-O—, with —Y-A 2 -X 1 — preferably having 2 to 6, 3 to 5 and especially 4 atoms in the main chain. Particular examples of —Y-A 2 -X 1 — include —(CH 2 ) 3 —O— and —NR 9 —(CH 2 ) 2 —O—. In this particular embodiment, R 9 is as defined herein and preferably R 9 is hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl (e.g. methyl or ethyl) or C 3 -C 12 -cycloalkyl (e.g. cyclopropyl), or R 9 is C 1 -C 4 -alkylene that is bound to a carbon atom in A 2 which is C 1 -C 4 -alkylene.
According to a further particular embodiment, —Y-A 2 -X 1 — is —NR 9 —C 1 -C 4 -alkylene- (e.g. —NH—CH 2 —, —NH—(CH 2 ) 2 — or —NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —), with —Y-A 2 -X 1 — preferably having 2 to 6, 2 to 5, 2 to 4 and especially 2, 3 or 4 atoms in the main chain. In this particular embodiment, R 9 is as defined herein and preferably R 9 is hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl (e.g. methyl or ethyl) or C 3 -C 12 -cycloalkyl (e.g. cyclopropyl); or R 9 is C 1 -C 4 -alkylene that is bound to a carbon atom in X 1 which is C 1 -C 4 -alkylene.
According to a further particular embodiment, —Y-A 2 -X 1 — is —NR 9 —C 2 -C 4 -alkenylene- or —NR 9 —C 2 -C 4 -alkynylene- (e.g. —NH—CH 2 —C≡C—), with —Y-A 2 -X 1 — preferably having 2 to 6, 3 to 5 and especially 4 atoms in the main chain. In this particular embodiment, R 9 is as defined herein and preferably is R 9 is hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl (e.g. methyl or ethyl) or C 3 -C 12 -cycloalkyl (e.g. cyclopropyl or cyclobutyl). If A is a heterocyclic ring, this embodiment of —Y-A 2 -X 1 — is particularly suitable.
According to a further particular embodiment, —Y-A 2 -X 1 — is —C 1 -C 4 -alkylene- (e.g. —(CH 2 ) 2 —), with —Y-A 2 -X 1 — preferably having 2 to 6, 2 to 5, 2 to 4 and especially 2 atoms in the main chain. If A is a heterocyclic ring, this embodiment of —Y-A 2 -X 1 — is particularly suitable.
According to a further particular embodiment, the structural motif —Y-A 2 -X 1 as disclosed herein is bound to Q being —S(O) 2 — or —C(O)—. Particular examples for this embodiment include heterocyclic compounds of the invention wherein R is R 1 —S(O) 2 —Y-A 2 -X 1 or R 1 —C(O)—Y-A 2 -X 1 .
The radical R and in particular the radical R 1 —W-A 1 -Q-Y-A 2 -X 1 — may, in principle, be bound to the 6-, 7-, 8, or 9-position of the benzazepine skeleton:
In said formulae, R 1 , W, A 1 , Q, Y, A 2 , X 1 , R 2 , A 3 , R 3 , R 4 , X 2 , X 3 , R 5 are as defined herein.
Further particular examples include benzazepine derivatives of the above formulae wherein the radical R 1 —W-A 1 -Q-Y-A 2 -X 1 — is replaced by the radical —CN.
Benzazepine derivatives having the radical R 1 —W-A 1 -Q-Y-A 2 -X 1 — (or the radical —CN) in the 7-, 8-, 9-position are preferred.
Particularly preferred are benzazepine derivatives having the radical R 1 —W-A 1 -Q-Y-A 2 -X 1 — (or the radical —CN) in the 8-position.
In addition to the radical R 1 —W-A 1 -Q-Y-A 2 -X 1 — (or the radical —CN), the benzazepine derivatives of the invention may have one or more than one further substituent bound to the benzene ring. In these positions, the skeleton of the benzazepine derivatives may thus be substituted with one or more than one radical R 2 . If there is more than one radical R 2 , these may be the same or different radicals. In particular, in 6-, 7-, 8- and/or 9-position, the benzazepine skeleton may be substituted with one or more than one radical R 2 . The benzazepine derivatives of the invention may therefore be represented by one of the following formulae:
or by corresponding formulae wherein the radical R 1 —W-A 1 -Q-Y-A 2 -X 1 — is replaced by the radical —CN,
wherein R 2a , R 2b , R 2c , R 2d independently have one of the meanings given for R 2 , and R 1 , W, A 1 , Q, Y, A 2 , X 1 , R 2 , A 3 , R 3 , R 4 , X 2 , X 3 , R 5 are as defined herein.
R 2 is hydrogen, halogen (e.g. fluorine), C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, halogenated C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, hydroxy-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, —CN, C 2 -C 6 -alkenyl, C 2 -C 6 -alkynyl, optionally substituted C 6 -C 12 -aryl, hydroxy, C 1 -C 6 alkoxy, halogenated C 1 -C 6 -alkoxy, C 1 -C 6 -alkoxycarbonyl, C 2 -C 6 -alkenyloxy, C 6 -C 12 -aryl-C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy, C 1 -C 6 -alkylcarbonyloxy, C 1 -C 6 -alkylthio, C 1 -C 6 -alkylsulfinyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkylsulfonyl, aminosulfonyl, amino, C 1 -C 6 -alkylamino, C 2 -C 6 -alkenylamino, nitro or optionally substituted C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyl, or two radicals R 2 together with the ring atoms to which they are bound form a 5- or 6 membered ring.
An optionally substituted 5- or 6-membered ring that is formed by two radicals R 2 together with the ring atoms of A to which they are bound is, for instance, a benzene ring.
In connection with R 2 , substituted C 6 -C 12 -aryl in particular includes C 6 -C 12 -aryl, such as phenyl, substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen and C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -haloalkyl, cyano, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy and C 1 -C 4 -haloalkoxy.
In connection with R 2 , substituted C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyl in particular includes C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyl, such as morpholinyl, pyrrolidinyl and piperidinyl, substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -haloalkyl, cyano, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy and C 1 -C 4 -haloalkoxy.
Preferably, R 2 is hydrogen, halogen (e.g. fluorine) or C 1 -C 6 -alkoxy. In particular, R 2 is hydrogen or halogen (e.g. fluorine).
According to a particular embodiment, the benzazepine derivatives of the invention have one of the following formulae:
or a corresponding formula wherein the radical R 1 —W-A 1 -Q-Y-A 2 -X 1 — is replaced by the radical —CN,
wherein R 1 , W, A 1 , Q, Y, A 2 , X 1 , R 2 , A 3 , R 3 , R 4 , X 2 , X 3 , R 5 are as defined herein.
Particularly preferred are benzazepine derivatives of the following formula:
wherein R 1 , W, A 1 , Q, Y, A 2 , X 1 , R 2 , A 3 , R 3 , R 4 , X 2 , X 3 , R 5 are as defined herein, with R 2 preferably being halogen, in particular fluorine.
A 3 is —CH 2 —, —O—, —NR 16 —, or —S—. If A 3 is —CH 2 —, the compounds of formula (I) are referred to as 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepines. If A 3 is —O—, the compounds of formula (I) are referred to as 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[f][1,4]oxazepines. If A 3 is —NR 16 —, the compounds of formula (I) are referred to as 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[e][1,4]diazepines. If A 3 is —S—, the compounds of formula (I) are referred to as 6,7,8,9-tetrahydro-5-thia-8-azabenzocycloheptenes. According to a particular embodiment, A 3 is —CH 2 —, —O— or —S—.
In 1-, 3-, 4- and/or 5-position, the benzazepine derivatives of the invention may be substituted with one or more than one radical R 3 . If there is more than one radical R 3 , these may be the same or different radicals. The benzazepine derivatives of the invention may therefore be represented by the following formula:
wherein A 3 is —CR 3a R 3b —, —O—, —NR 16 —, or —S; R 3a , R 3b , R 3c , R 3d , R 3e , R 3f , R 3g independently have one of the meanings given for R 3 ; and R, R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , X 2 , X 3 , R 5 , R 16 are as defined herein.
R 3 is hydrogen, halogen, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkoxy, or two radicals R 3 together with the carbon atom to which they are attached form a carbonyl group.
Preferably, R 3 is hydrogen or C 1 -C 6 -alkyl. In particular, R 3 is hydrogen.
R 4 is hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl (e.g. methyl, ethyl, n-propyl or isopropyl), C 3 -C 12 -cycloalkyl-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl (e.g. cyclopropylmethyl), halogenated C 1 -C 4 -alkyl (e.g. 2-fluoroethyl or 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl), hydroxy-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkoxy-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, amino-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 6 -C 12 -aryl-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 3 -C 12 -cycloalkyl (e.g. cyclopropyl), CH 2 CN, —CHO, C 1 -C 4 -alkylcarbonyl (e.g. methylcarbonyl, ethylcarbonyl or isopropylcarbonyl), (halogenated C 1 -C 4 -alkyl)carbonyl (e.g. fluoromethylcarbonyl, difluoromethylcarbonyl, trifluoromethylcarbonyl, 1,1,1-trifluoroeth-2-ylcarbonyl or 1,1,1-trifluoroprop-3-ylcarbonyl), C 6 -C 12 -arylcarbonyl (e.g. phenylcarbonyl), C 1 -C 4 -alkoxycarbonyl (e.g. ethoxycarbonyl or tert-butyloxycarbonyl), C 6 -C 12 -aryloxycarbonyl (e.g. phenoxycarbonyl), C 1 -C 6 -alkylaminocarbonyl, C 2 -C 6 -alkenyl, —C(═NH)NH 2 , —C(═NH)NHCN, C 1 -C 6 -alkylsulfonyl, C 6 -C 12 -arylsulfonyl, amino, —NO or C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyl (e.g. 3-oxetanyl).
Preferably, R 4 is hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl (e.g. methyl, ethyl, n-propyl or isopropyl), C 3 -C 12 -cycloalkyl-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl (e.g. cyclopropylmethyl), halogenated C 1 -C 4 -alkyl (e.g. 2-fluoroethyl or 2,2,2-trifluoroethyl), amino-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 6 -C 12 -aryl-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 3 -C 12 -cycloalkyl (e.g. cyclopropyl), CH 2 CN, C 1 -C 4 -alkylcarbonyl (e.g. methylcarbonyl or isopropylcarbonyl), (halogenated C 1 -C 4 -alkyl)carbonyl (e.g. fluoromethylcarbonyl, difluoromethylcarbonyl or trifluoromethylcarbonyl), C 6 -C 12 -arylcarbonyl (e.g. phenylcarbonyl), C 1 -C 4 -alkoxycarbonyl (e.g. ethoxycarbonyl or tert-butyloxycarbonyl), C 6 -C 12 -aryloxycarbonyl (e.g. phenoxycarbonyl), —C(═NH)NH 2 , —C(═NH)NHCN, C 1 -C 6 -alkylsulfonyl, amino, —NO or C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyl (e.g. 3-oxetanyl).
In particular, R 4 is hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl (e.g. methyl, ethyl or n-propyl), C 3 -C 12 -cycloalkyl (e.g. cyclopropyl) or C 3 -C 12 -cycloalkyl-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl (e.g. cyclopropylmethyl).
X 2 is —O—, —NR 6 —, —S—, >CR 12a R 12b or a bond. Preferably, X 2 is >CR 12a R 12b .
X 3 is —O—, —NR 7 —, —S—, >CR 13a R 13b or a bond. Preferably, X 3 is a bond.
Thus, it is preferred if X 2 is >CR 12a R 12b and X 3 is a bond.
R 12a is hydrogen, optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkylamino-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, di-C 1 -C 6 -alkylamino-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyl-C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, optionally substituted C 6 -C 12 -aryl or hydroxy. Preferably, R 12a is hydrogen or C 1 -C 6 -alkyl.
R 13a is hydrogen, optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, C 1 -C 6 -alkylamino-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, di-C 1 -C 6 -alkylamino-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyl-C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, optionally substituted C 6 -C 12 -aryl or hydroxy. Preferably, R 13a is hydrogen or C 1 -C 6 -alkyl.
In connection with R 12a and R 13a , substituted C 1 -C 6 -alkyl in particular includes C 1 -C 6 -alkyl substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, hydroxy, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy and amino.
In connection with R 12a and R 13a , substituted C 6 -C 12 -aryl in particular includes C 6 -C 12 -aryl, such as phenyl, substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -haloalkyl, cyano, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy and C 1 -C 4 -haloalkoxy.
R 12b is hydrogen or C 1 -C 6 -alkyl. According to a particular embodiment, R 12b is hydrogen.
R 13b is hydrogen or C 1 -C 6 -alkyl. According to a particular embodiment, R 13b is hydrogen.
Alternatively, R 12a and R 12b , or R 13a and R 13b , together are together are carbonyl or, preferably, optionally substituted C 1 -C 4 -alkylene (e.g. 1,3-propylene), wherein one —CH 2 — of C 1 -C 4 -alkylene may be replaced by an oxygen atom or —NR 14 —.
In connection with R 12a and R 12b , or R 13a and R 13b , substituted C 1 -C 4 -alkylene in particular includes C 1 -C 4 -alkylene substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, C 1 -C 4 -haloalkyl, cyano, C 1 -C 4 -alkoxy and C 1 -C 4 -haloalkoxy.
According to a particular embodiment, R 12a is C 1 -C 6 -alkyl and R 12b is hydrogen or C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, or R 13a is C 1 -C 6 -alkyl and R 13b is hydrogen or C 1 -C 6 -alkyl.
According to a further particular embodiment, R 12a is hydrogen and R 12b is hydrogen, or R 13a is hydrogen and R 13b is hydrogen.
According to a further particular embodiment, R 12a and R 12b together are optionally substituted 1,3-propylene, or R 13a and R 13b together are optionally substituted 1,3-propylene.
R 5 is optionally substituted C 6 -C 12 -aryl (e.g. phenyl, 2-fluorophenyl, 2-chlorophenyl, 3-fluorophenyl, 3-chlorophenyl; 3-cyanophenyl, 3-methylphenyl, 3-trifluoromethylphenyl, 3-methoxyphenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 4-chlorophenyl, 4-methoxyphenyl, 3,4-difluorophenyl, 3,5-difluorophenyl, 3-fluoro-5-chlorophenyl, 3-chloro-4-fluorophenyl, 2,4-dichlorophenyl or 3,4-dichlorophenyl,), optionally substituted C 3 -C 12 -cycloalkyl (e.g. cyclohexyl) or optionally substituted C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyl.
In connection with R 5 , substituted C 3 -C 12 -cycloalkyl in particular includes C 3 -C 12 -cycloalkyl, such as cyclopropyl or cyclohexyl, substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, halogenated C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, CN, hydroxy, C 1 -C 6 -alkoxy, halogenated C 1 -C 6 -alkoxy, amino, C 1 -C 6 -alkylamino, di-C 1 -C 6 -alkylamino and C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyl.
In connection with R 5 , substituted C 6 -C 12 -aryl in particular includes C 6 -C 12 -aryl, such as phenyl, substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen (e.g. F, Cl, Br), optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 -alkyl (e.g. methyl), halogenated C 1 -C 6 -alkyl (e.g. trifluoromethyl), CN, hydroxy, C 1 -C 6 -alkoxy (e.g. methoxy), halogenated C 1 -C 6 -alkoxy, amino, C 1 -C 6 -alkylamino, di-C 1 -C 6 -alkylamino and C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyl.
In connection with R 5 , substituted C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyl in particular includes C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyl substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of halogen, optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, halogenated C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, CN, hydroxy, C 1 -C 6 -alkoxy, halogenated C 1 -C 6 -alkoxy, amino, C 1 -C 6 -alkylamino, di-C 1 -C 6 -alkylamino and C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyl.
In connection with R 5 , C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyl in particular is C 3 -C 12 -heteroaryl.
Preferably, R 5 is optionally substituted C 6 -C 12 -aryl, in particular as in the benzazepine derivatives of the formula:
wherein R, R 2 , A 3 , R 3 , R 4 , X 2 , X 3 are as defined herein, and
R 17a , R 17b , R 17c , R 17d , R 17e independently are hydrogen, halogen (e.g. F, Cl or Br), optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 -alkyl (e.g. methyl), halogenated C 1 -C 6 -alkyl (e.g. trifluoromethyl), CN, hydroxy, C 1 -C 6 -alkoxy (e.g. methoxy), amino, C 1 -C 6 -alkylamino, di-C 1 -C 6 -alkylamino or C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyl.
It is also preferred if R 5 is optionally substituted C 6 -C 12 -heteroaryl, in particular as in the benzazepine derivatives of the formula:
wherein R, R 2 , A 3 , R 3 , R 4 , X 2 , X 3 are as defined herein, and
R 17b , R 17c , R 17d , R 17e independently are hydrogen, halogen (e.g. F, Cl or Br), optionally substituted C 1 -C 6 -alkyl (e.g. methyl), halogenated C 1 -C 6 -alkyl (e.g. trifluoromethyl), CN, hydroxy, C 1 -C 6 -alkoxy (e.g. methoxy), amino, C 1 -C 6 -alkylamino, di-C 1 -C 6 -alkylamino or C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyl.
According to a particular embodiment, the invention relates to benzazepine derivatives of the formula:
wherein R, R 2 , A 3 , R 3 , R 4 , R 5 are as defined herein, R 5 preferably being optionally substituted aryl and in particular optionally substituted phenyl as disclosed herein.
In connection with R 5 or R 17a , R 17b , R 17c , R 17d , R 17e , substituted C 1 -C 6 -alkyl in particular includes C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, especially C 1 -C 4 -alkyl, substituted with 1, 2 or 3 substituents selected from the group consisting of hydroxy, C 1 -C 6 -alkoxy, amino, C 1 -C 6 -alkylamino, di-C 1 -C 6 -alkylamino and C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyl (e.g. morpholinyl or piperidinyl).
According to a particular embodiment, R 17a , R 17b , R 17d , R 17e are hydrogen and R 17c is different from hydrogen (para-mono-substitution).
According to a further particular embodiment, R 17a , R 17c , R 17d , R 17e are hydrogen and R 17a is different from hydrogen (meta-mono-substitution).
According to a further particular embodiment, R 17a , R 17c , R 17d , R 17e are hydrogen and R 17a is different from hydrogen (meta-ortho-substitution).
In connection with R 17a , R 17b , R 17c , R 17d , R 17e , C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyl in particular includes morpholinyl, imidazolyl and pyrazolyl.
R 6 is hydrogen or C 1 -C 6 -alkyl. Preferably, R 6 is hydrogen.
R 7 is hydrogen or C 1 -C 6 -alkyl. Preferably, R 7 is hydrogen.
R 8 is hydrogen or C 1 -C 6 -alkyl. Preferably, R 8 is hydrogen.
R 9 is hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl (e.g. methyl or ethyl), C 3 -C 12 -cycloalkyl (e.g. cyclopropyl), amino-C 1 -C 6 -alkyl, optionally substituted C 6 -C 12 -aryl-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl or C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyl (e.g. 3-azetidinyl). Preferably, R 9 is hydrogen or C 1 -C 6 -alkyl (e.g. methyl or ethyl).
According to a particular embodiment, R 9 and R 1 together are C 1 -C 4 -alkylene (e.g. 1,3-1,2-ethylene or propylene) so as that R 9 and R 1 together with the atom in Q to which R 1 is bound and the nitrogen atom to which R 9 is bound form an heterocyclic ring having, in particular, 4, 5 or 6 ring member atoms (including the nitrogen atom and Q). With W and A 1 both being a bond, such a ring may be represented by the following partial structure:
wherein A 2 , X 1 , Q is as defined herein (e.g. S(O) 2 ) and n is 0, 1, 2, 3 or 4.
According to a further particular embodiment, R 9 is C 1 -C 4 -alkylene (e.g. methylene or 1,3-propylene) that is bound to a carbon atom in A 2 and A 2 is C 1 -C 4 -alkylene so that R 9 and at least part of A 2 together with the nitrogen atom to which R 9 is bound form an N-containing heterocyclic ring having, in particular, 4, 5, 6 or 7 ring member atoms (including the nitrogen atom). Such a ring may be represented by the following partial structure:
wherein R 1 , W, A 1 , Q and X 1 are as defined herein, p is 1 or 2, r is 0, 1 or 2 and q is 0, 1 or 2. In this particular embodiment, X 1 preferably is —O—. Particular combinations of p, r and q include p=1, r=0, q=1; and p=1, r=0, q=0. Alternatively, p is 0, r is 3 and q is 1, with X 1 preferably being —O—.
According to a further particular embodiment, R 9 is C 1 -C 4 -alkylene (e.g. methylene or 1,3-propylene) that is bound to a carbon atom in X 1 and X 1 is C 1 -C 4 -alkylene (e.g. 1,2-ethylene) so that R 9 and at least part of X 1 together with the nitrogen atom to which R 9 is bound form an N-containing heterocyclic ring having, in particular, 4, 5, 6 or 7 ring member atoms (including the nitrogen atom). With A 2 being a bond, such a ring may be represented by the following partial structure:
wherein R 1 , W, A 1 and Q are as defined herein, p is 1 or 2, r is 0, 1 or 2 and q is 0, 1 or 2. Particular combinations of p, r and q include p=1, r=0, q=0.
R 10 is hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl or C 1 -C 6 -alkylsulfonyl. Preferably, R 10 is hydrogen.
R 11 is hydrogen or C 1 -C 6 -alkyl. Preferably, R 11 is hydrogen.
Alternatively, R 9 , R 11 together are C 1 -C 4 -alkylene (e.g. ethylene).
R 14 is hydrogen or C 1 -C 6 -alkyl. Preferably, R 14 is hydrogen.
R 15 is hydrogen or C 1 -C 6 -alkyl. Preferably, R 15 is hydrogen.
R 16 is hydrogen or C 1 -C 6 -alkyl. Preferably, R 16 is hydrogen or C 1 -C 6 -alkyl (e.g. methyl).
Particular embodiments of benzazepine derivatives of the invention result if
R is R 1 —W-A 1 -Q-Y-A 2 -X 1 —; R 1 is C 1 -C 6 -alkyl (e.g. ethyl or n-propyl), C 3 -C 12 -cycloalkyl-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl (e.g. cyclopropylmethyl), C 3 -C 12 -cycloalkyl (e.g. cyclobutyl), or optionally substituted C 3 -C 12 -heterocyclyl (e.g. 3-pyridyl, 1-methyl-1,2-diazol-4-yl, 1-methyl-1,3-diazol-4-yl, 3-oxetanyl, 1-methyl-pyrrol-3-yl); W is a bond; A 1 is a bond; Q is —S(O) 2 —; Y is —NR 9 — or a bond; A 2 is C 1 -C 4 -alkylene (e.g. 1,2-ethylene) or a bond; X 1 is —O— or optionally substituted C 1 -C 4 -alkylene (e.g. methylene, 1,2-ethylene or 1,3-propylene); R 2 is hydrogen or halogen (e.g. fluorine); A 3 is —CH 2 —, —O—, —NR 16 , or —S—; R 3 is hydrogen; R 4 is hydrogen, C 1 -C 6 -alkyl (e.g. methyl, ethyl or n-propyl), C 3 -C 12 -cycloalkyl (e.g. cyclopropyl) or or C 3 -C 12 -cycloalkyl-C 1 -C 4 -alkyl (e.g. cyclopropylmethyl); X 2 is >CR 12a R 12b ; X 3 is a bond; R 5 is optionally substituted phenyl (e.g. phenyl, 2-fluorophenyl, 2-chlorophenyl, 3-fluorophenyl, 3-chlorophenyl, 3-trifluoromethylphenyl, 4-fluorophenyl, 4-chlorophenyl) or optionally substituted pyridyl (e.g. 2-pyridyl); R 9 is hydrogen, or R 9 is C 1 -C 4 -alkylene (e.g. methylene) that is bound to a carbon atom in X 1 and X 1 is C 1 -C 4 -alkylene (e.g. 1,2-ethylene); R 12a is hydrogen; R 12b is hydrogen; or R 12a , R 12b
together are C 1 -C 4 -alkylene (e.g. 1,3-propylene); and
R 16 is hydrogen or C 1 -C 6 -alkyl (e.g. methyl).
Further particular compounds of the present invention are the individual benzazepine derivatives of the formula (Id) as listed in the following tables 1 to 12 and physiologically tolerated salts thereof:
Table 1
Compounds of the formula (Id) wherein R 2 is hydrogen, R 3 is hydrogen, R 17 is hydrogen and the combination of R 1 , —Y-A 2 -X 1 —, >CR 12a R 12b , A 3 , R 4 for a compound in each case corresponds to one line of Table A (A-1 to A-448).
Table 2
Compounds of the formula (Id) wherein R 2 is hydrogen, R 3 is hydrogen, R 17 is 3-F and the combination of R 1 , —Y-A 2 -X 1 —, >CR 12a R 12b , A 3 , R 4 for a compound in each case corresponds to one line of Table A (A-1 to A-448).
Table 3
Compounds of the formula (Id) wherein R 2 is hydrogen, R 3 is hydrogen, R 17 is 3-Cl and the combination of R 1 , —Y-A 2 -X 1 —, >CR 12a R 12b —, A 3 , R 4 for a compound in each case corresponds to one line of Table A (A-1 to A-448).
Table 4
Compounds of the formula (Id) wherein R 2 is hydrogen, R 3 is hydrogen, R 17 is 3-CF 3 and the combination of R 1 , —Y-A 2 -X 1 —, >CR 12a R 12b —, A 3 , R 4 for a compound in each case corresponds to one line of Table A (A-1 to A-448).
Table 5
Compounds of the formula (Id) wherein R 2 is hydrogen, R 3 is hydrogen, R 17 is 4-F and the combination of R 1 , —Y-A 2 -X 1 —, >CR 12a R 12b , A 3 , R 4 for a compound in each case corresponds to one line of Table A (A-1 to A-448).
Table 6
Compounds of the formula (Id) wherein R 2 is hydrogen, R 3 is hydrogen, R 17 is 4-Cl and the combination of R 1 , —Y-A 2 -X 1 —, >CR 12a R 12b , A 3 , R 4 for a compound in each case corresponds to one line of Table A (A-1 to A-448).
Table 7
Compounds of the formula (Id) wherein R 2 is 7-F, R 3 is hydrogen, R 17 is hydrogen and the combination of R 1 , —Y-A 2 -X 1 —, >CR 12a R 12b , A 3 , R 4 for a compound in each case corresponds to one line of Table A (A-1 to A-448).
Table 8
Compounds of the formula (Id) wherein R 2 is 7-F, R 3 is hydrogen, R 17 is 3-F and the combination of R 1 , —Y-A 2 -X 1 —, >CR 12a R 12b , A 3 , R 4 for a compound in each case corresponds to one line of Table A (A-1 to A-448).
Table 9
Compounds of the formula (Id) wherein R 2 is 7-F, R 3 is hydrogen, R 17 is 3-Cl and the combination of R 1 , —Y-A 2 -X 1 —, >CR 12a R 12b , A 3 , R 4 for a compound in each case corresponds to one line of Table A (A-1 to A-448).
Table 10
Compounds of the formula (Id) wherein R 2 is 7-F, R 3 is hydrogen, R 17 is 3-CF 3 and the combination of R 1 , —Y-A 2 -X 1 —, >CR 12a R 12b , A 3 , R 4 for a compound in each case corresponds to one line of Table A (A-1 to A-448).
Table 11
Compounds of the formula (Id) wherein R 2 is 7-F, R 3 is hydrogen, R 17 is 4-F and the combination of R 1 , —Y-A 2 -X 1 —, >CR 12a R 12b , A 3 , R 4 for a compound in each case corresponds to one line of Table A (A-1 to A-448).
Table 12
Compounds of the formula (Id) wherein R 2 is 7-F, R 3 is hydrogen, R 17 is 4-Cl and the combination of R 1 , —Y-A 2 -X 1 —, >CR 12a R 12b , A 3 , R 4 for a compound in each case corresponds to one line of Table A (A-1 to A-448).
R 1
—Y—A 2 —X 1 —
>CR 12a R 12b
A 3
R 4
A-1.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-2.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-3.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-4.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-5.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-6.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-7.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-8.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-9.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-10.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-11.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-12.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-13.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-14.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-15.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-16.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-17.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-18.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-19.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-20.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-21.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-22.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-23.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-24.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-25.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-26.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-27.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-28.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-29.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-30.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-31.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-32.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-33.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-34.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-35.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-36.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—H
A-37.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—H
A-38.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—H
A-39.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—H
A-40.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—H
A-41.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—H
A-42.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—H
A-43.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-44.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-45.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-46.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-47.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-48.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-49.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-50.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-51.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-52.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-53.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-54.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-55.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-56.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—H
A-57.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-58.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-59.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-60.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-61.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-62.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-63.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-64.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-65.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-66.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-67.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-68.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-69.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-70.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-71.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-72.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-73.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-74.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-75.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-76.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-77.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-78.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-79.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-80.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-81.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-82.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-83.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-84.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-85.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-86.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-87.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-88.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-89.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-90.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-91.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-92.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-93.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-94.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-95.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-96.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-97.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-98.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-99.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-100.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-101.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-102.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-103.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-104.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-105.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-106.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-107.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-108.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-109.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-110.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-111.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-112.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 3
A-113.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-114.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-115.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-116.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-117.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-118.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-119.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-120.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-121.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-122.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-123.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-124.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-125.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-126.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-127.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-128.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-129.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-130.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-131.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-132.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-133.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-134.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-135.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-136.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-137.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-138.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-139.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-140.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-141.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-142.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-143.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-144.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-145.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-146.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-147.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-148.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-149.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-150.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-151.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-152.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-153.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-154.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-155.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-156.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-157.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-158.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-159.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-160.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-161.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-162.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-163.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-164.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-165.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-166.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-167.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-168.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 3
A-169.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-170.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-171.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-172.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-173.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-174.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-175.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-176.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-177.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-178.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-179.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-180.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-181.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-182.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-183.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-184.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-185.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-186.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-187.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3 —CH 2 CH 3
A-188.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-189.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-190.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-191.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-192.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-193.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-194.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-195.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-196.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-197.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-198.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-199.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-200.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-201.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-202.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-203.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-204.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-205.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-206.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-207.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-208.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-209.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-210.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-211.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-212.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-213.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-214.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-215.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-216.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-217.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-218.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-219.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-220.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-221.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-222.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-223.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-224.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-225.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—H
A-226.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—H
A-227.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—H
A-228.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—H
A-229.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—H
A-230.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—H
A-231.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—H
A-232.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—O—
—H
A-233.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—O—
—H
A-234.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—O—
—H
A-235.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—O—
—H
A-236.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—O—
—H
A-237.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—O—
—H
A-238.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—O—
—H
A-239.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—H
A-240.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—H
A-241.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—H
A-242.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—H
A-243.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—H
A-244.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—H
A-245.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—H
A-246.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—H
A-247.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—H
A-248.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—H
A-249.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—H
A-250.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—H
A-251.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—H
A-252.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—H
A-253.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—O—
—H
A-254.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—O—
—H
A-255.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—O—
—H
A-256.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—O—
—H
A-257.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—O—
—H
A-258.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—O—
—H
A-259.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—O—
—H
A-260.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—O—
—H
A-261.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—O—
—H
A-262.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—O—
—H
A-263.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—O—
—H
A-264.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—O—
—H
A-265.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—O—
—H
A-266.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—O—
—H
A-267.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—O—
—H
A-268.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—O—
—H
A-269.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—O—
—H
A-270.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—O—
—H
A-271.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—O—
—H
A-272.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—O—
—H
A-273.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—O—
—H
A-274.
—NH—CH 2 —
—O—
—H
A-275.
—NH—CH 2 —
—O—
—H
A-276.
—NH—CH 2 —
—O—
—H
A-277.
—NH—CH 2 —
—O—
—H
A-278.
—NH—CH 2 —
—O—
—H
A-279.
—NH—CH 2 —
—O—
—H
A-280.
—NH—CH 2 —
—O—
—H
A-281.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-282.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-283.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-284.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-285.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-286.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-287.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-288.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-289.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-290.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-291.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-292.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-293.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-294.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-295.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-296.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-297.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-298.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-299.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-300.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-301.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-302.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-303.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-304.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-305.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-306.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-307.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-308.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-309.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-310.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-311.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-312.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-313.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-314.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-315.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-316.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—O—
—CH 3
A-317.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—O—
—CH 3
A-318.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—O—
—CH 3
A-319.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—O—
—CH 3
A-320.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—O—
—CH 3
A-321.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—O—
—CH 3
A-322.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—O—
—CH 3
A-323.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-324.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-325.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-326.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-327.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-328.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-329.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-330.
—NH—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-331.
—NH—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-332.
—NH—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-333.
—NH—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-334.
—NH—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-335.
—NH—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-336.
—NH—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 3
A-337.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-338.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-339.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-340.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-341.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-342.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-343.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-344.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-345.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-346.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-347.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-348.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-349.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-350.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-351.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-352.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-353.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-354.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-355.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-356.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-357.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-358.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-359.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-360.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-361.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-362.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-363.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-364.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-365.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-366.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-367.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-368.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-369.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-370.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-371.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-372.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-373.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-374.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-375.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-376.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-377.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-378.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-379.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-380.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-381.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-382.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-383.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-384.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-385.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-386.
—NH—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-387.
—NH—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-388.
—NH—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-389.
—NH—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-390.
—NH—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-391.
—NH—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-392.
—NH—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 3
A-393.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-394.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-395.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-396.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-397.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-398.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-399.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 —CH 3
A-400.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-401.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-402.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-403.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-404.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-405.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-406.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-407.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-408.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-409.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-410.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-411.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-412.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-413.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-414.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-415.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-416.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-417.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-418.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-419.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-420.
—NH—CH 2 —
—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-421.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-422.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-423.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-424.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-425.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-426.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-427.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 3 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-428.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-429.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-430.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-431.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-432.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-433.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-434.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —O—
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-435.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-436.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-437.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-438.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-439.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-440.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-441.
—NH—(CH 2 ) 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-442.
—NH—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-443.
—NH—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-444.
—NH—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-445.
—NH—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-446.
—NH—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-447.
—NH—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
A-448.
—NH—CH 2 —
—O—
—CH 2 CH 2 CH 3
Further particular compounds of the present invention are the individual benzazepine derivatives of the formula (Id) as listed in tables 1 to 12 and physiologically tolerated salts thereof wherein the radical R 1 —S(O) 2 —Y-A 2 -X 1 — is replaced by the radical —CN.
Further particular compounds of the present invention are the benzazepine derivatives disclosed in preparation examples and physiologically tolerated salts thereof. These include for each preparation example the exemplified compound as well as the corresponding free base and any other physiologically tolerated salts of the free base (if the exemplified compound is a salt), or any physiologically tolerated salt of the free base (if the exemplified compound is a free base). These further include enantiomers, diastereomers, tautomers and any other isomeric forms of said compounds, be they explicitly or implicitly disclosed.
The compounds of the formula (I) can be prepared by analogy to methods which are well known in the art. Suitable methods for the preparation of compounds of formula (I) are outlined in the following schemes.
The process depicted in scheme 1 is useful for obtaining benzazepine precursors of the general formula 3, wherein X 1 is —O— or —S— and A 3 is optionally substituted alkylene (e.g. —CH 2 —).
As shown in scheme 1, the compound of general formula 1 readily undergoes enamine alkylation to give the enamine 2 and after subsequent hydrolysis the compound of general formula 3.
In scheme 1, the variables X 2 , X 3 , R 5 are as defined herein, and L 1 represents an alkyl substituent (e.g. Me, Et, Bn).
The process depicted in scheme 1 is also useful for obtaining benzazepines, wherein X 1 is optionally substituted alkylene. In this case, L 1 is a group that represents, or can be converted into, the desired side chain R 1 —W-A 1 -Q-Y-A 2 -.
Alternatively, compounds of formula 3 can be prepared as described in scheme 2.
As shown in scheme 2, the compound of general formula 4 readily undergoes alkylation to give the compound of general formula 5. Conversion to the acid chloride and subsequent ring closure with ethylene in the presence of a Lewis acid (e.g. AlCl 3 ) affords compound 3 (e.g. J. Het. Chem., 23 (2), 343, 1986 and Bioorg. Med. Chem. Let, 17 (22), 6160, 2007).
In scheme 2, the variables X 1 , X 2 , X 3 , R 5 are as defined herein and L 1 and L 2 are suitable protecting groups (e.g. L 1 =Me, Et, Bn). Compounds 3 can be further converted to compounds of the general formula (I).
The process depicted in scheme 3 is useful for obtaining bezazepines, wherein X 1 is —O— or —S—, A 3 is optionally substituted alkylene (e.g. —CH 2 —), Y is —NR 9 —, and Q is —S(O) 2 .
Compounds of the general formula 3 readily undergo condensation reactions to the corresponding mixtures of E- and Z-oxims 4. The oxims can be transferred into the tosylates, which subsequently undergo a Beckmann rearrangement to give a mixture of lactames of the general formula 5 and 6 (e.g. Org. Lett. 2, 2373, 2000). Alternatively, the Beckmann rearrangement can be carried out under acidic conditions to convert the oxims 4 directly to the lactames 5 and 6. Lactames 5 and 6 can be separated (e.g. flash chromatography). Lactames 5 can be converted to the amines of the general formula 7 using LiAlH 4 or other well known reducing agents (BH 3 Me 2 S). Protection of the amino group with a suitable protecting group (e.g. L 2 =COOEt) leads to compounds of the general formula 8.
In scheme 3, the variables R 1 , W, A 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , X 2 , X 3 , R 5 , R 9 , A 2 are as defined herein and L 1 and L 2 are suitable protecting groups (e.g. L 1 =Me, Et, Bn, or tBuMe 2 Si; L 2 =COOtBu or COOEt).
The process depicted in scheme 4 is useful for obtaining benzazepines, wherein X 1 is methylene, A 2 is a bond, Y is —NR 9 —, and Q is —S(O) 2 .
Instead of the triflate 18, the corresponding bromide, iodide, or nonaflate can be used to prepare compound 19.
In scheme 4, the variables R 1 , W, A 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , X 2 , X 3 , R 5 , R 9 are as defined herein, and L 1 and L 2 are a suitable protecting group (e.g. L 1 =Me, Et, Bn, or tBuMe 2 Si; L 2 =COO t Bu or COOEt).
The process depicted in scheme 5 is useful for obtaining benzazepines, wherein X 1 is optionally substituted alkylene, A 2 is optionally substituted alkylene or a bond, Y is —NR 9 —, and Q is —S(O) 2 .
Instead of the trifluoroborate 24, the corresponding 9-borabicyclo[3.3.1]non-9-yl derivative can be used to prepare compound 25.
In scheme 5, the variables R 1 , W, A 1 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , X 2 , X 3 , R 5 , R 9 are as defined herein, and L 2 is a suitable protecting group (e.g. L 2 =COO t Bu or COOEt).
The process depicted in scheme 6 is useful for obtaining benzazepines, wherein X is —NR 11 —, A 2 is optionally substituted alkylene, Y is —NR 9 —, and Q is —S(O) 2 .
In scheme 6, the variables R 1 , W, A 1 , R 11 , R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , X 2 , X 3 , R 5 , R 9 are as defined herein, and L 2 and L 4 are a suitable protecting group (e.g. L 2 , L 4 =COO t Bu or COOEt).
The process depicted in scheme 7 is useful for obtaining benzoxazepine precursors of the general formula 39, wherein X′ is —O— or —S— and A 3 is —O—.
As shown in scheme 7, the compound of general formula 33 readily undergoes alkylation to give the compound of general formula 34. Deprotection leads to compounds of the general formula 35, which are converted via well known amide coupling reactions to the corresponding compounds of general formula 36 (e.g. EDC, DMAP). Amides of the general formula 36 undergo cyclization to imines of the formula 37 under Vilsmeier reaction conditions (e.g. POCl 3 , SOCl 2 , oxalyl chloride; see Chem. Ind. 1973, 870, Indian J. Chem., Sect. B (37B), 1998, 965, and Advances in Organic Chemistry (9), Pt. 1, 1976, 225). Re-duction of imins of the general formula 37 (e.g. with NaBH 4 ) readily gives the corresponding amines of general formula 38. Protection of the free amine with a suitable protecting group (e.g. L 2 =COO t Bu) yields compounds of the general formula 39. Introduction of the various side chains is performed as already described for the benzazepine derivatives in schemes 4 to 6.
In scheme 7, the variables R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , X 2 , X 3 , R 5 are as defined herein, L represents an alkyl substituent (e.g. Me, Et, Bn) and L 2 is a suitable protecting group (e.g. L 2 =COO t Bu or COOEt).
The process depicted in scheme 7 is also useful for obtaining benzazepines derivatives of formula (I), wherein A 3 is —S—, or NR 16 .
The acid addition salts of the benzazepine derivatives of formula (I) are prepared in a customary manner by mixing the free base with a corresponding acid, optionally in solution in an organic solvent, for example a lower alcohol, such as methanol, ethanol or propanol, an ether, such as methyl tert-butyl ether or diisopropyl ether, a ketone, such as acetone or methyl ethyl ketone, or an ester, such as ethyl acetate.
The benzazepines derivatives of formula (II):
wherein L is an amino-protecting group, Y is NR 9 , and A 2 , X 1 , R 2 , A 3 , R 3 , R 4 , X 2 , X 3 , R 5 are defined as herein are useful as intermediates in the preparation of GlyT1 inhibitors, in particular those of formula (I).
Suitable amino-protecting groups are well known in the art such as those described in Protective Groups in Organic Chemistry, ed. J. F. W. McOmie, Plenum Press, 1973; and T. W. Greene & P. G. M. Wuts, Protective Groups in Organic Synthesis, John Wiley & Sons, 1991.
According to a particular embodiment, L is optionally substituted alkylcarbonyl (e.g., tertbutylcarbonyl), optionally substituted arylcarbonyl, optionally substituted arylalkycarbonyl (e.g., benzylcarbonyl), optionally substituted alkoxycarbonyl (e.g., methoxycarbonyl or tert-butyloxycarbonyl), optionally substituted aryloxycarbonyl (e.g. phenoxycarbonyl) or optionally substituted arylalkoxycarbonyl.
The compounds of the formula (I) are capable of inhibiting the activity of glycine transporter, in particular glycine transporter 1 (GlyT1).
The utility of the compounds in accordance with the present invention as inhibiting the glycine transporter activity, in particular GlyT1 activity, may be demonstrated by methodology known in the art. For instance, human GlyT1c expressing recombinant hGlyT1c — 5_CHO cells can be used for measuring glycine uptake and its inhibition (IC 50 ) by a compound of formula (I).
Amongst the compounds of the formula (I) those are preferred which achieve effective inhibition at low concentrations. In particular, compounds of the formula (I) are preferred which inhibit glycine transporter 1 (GlyT1) at a level of IC 50 <1 μMol, more preferably at a level of IC 50 <0.5 μMol, particularly preferably at a level of IC 50 <0.2 μMol and most preferably at a level of IC 50 <0.1 μMol.
The compounds of formula (I) display good to moderate metabolic stability.
The metabolic stability of a compound can be measured for example by incubating a solution of this compound with liver microsomes from particular species (for example rat, dog or human) and determining the half-life of the compound under these conditions (RS Obach, Curr Opin Drug Discov Devel. 2001, 4, 36-44). It is possible in this connection to conclude from an observed longer half-life that the metabolic stability of the compound is improved. The stability in the presence of human liver microsomes is of particular interest because it makes it possible to predict the metabolic degradation of the compound in the human liver. Compounds with increased metabolic stability (measured in the liver microsome test) are therefore probably also degraded more slowly in the liver. The slower metabolic degradation in the liver may lead to higher and/or longer-lasting concentrations (active levels) of the compound in the body, so that the elimination half-life of the compounds of the invention is increased. Increased and/or longer-lasting active levels may lead to a better activity of the compound in therapeutic treatment. In addition, an improved metabolic stability may lead to an increased bioavailability after oral administration, because the compound is subject, after absorption in the intestine, to less metabolic degradation in the liver (so-called first pass effect). An increased oral bioavailability may, owing to an increased concentration (active level) of the compound, lead to a better activity of the compound after oral administration.
Amongst the compounds of the formula (I) those are particularly preferred which display good to moderate metabolic stability towards human liver microsomes. In particular, compounds of the formula (I) are preferred which display a microsomal clearance at a level of mCl <1000 μl/min/mg, more preferably at a level of mCl <500 μl/min/mg, particularly preferably at a level of mCl <100 μl/min/mg and most preferably at a level of mCl <50 μl/min/mg.
The compounds of the formula (I) according to the present invention are thus useful as pharmaceuticals.
The present invention therefore also relates to pharmaceutical compositions which comprise an inert carrier and a compound of the formula (I).
The present invention also relates to the use of the compounds of the formula (I) in the manufacture of a medicament for inhibiting the glycine transporter GlyT1, and to corresponding methods of inhibiting the glycine transporter GlyT1.
The NMDA receptor is central to a wide range of CNS processes, and its role in a variety of diseases in humans or other species has been described. GlyT1 inhibitors slow the removal of glycine from the synapse, causing the level of synaptic glycine to rise. This in turn increases the occupancy of the glycine binding site on the NMDA receptor, which increases activation of the NMDA receptor following glutamate release from the presynaptic terminal. Glycine transport inhibitors and in particular inhibitors of the glycine transporter GlyT1 are thus known to be useful in treating a variety of neurologic and psychiatric disorders. Further, glycine A receptors play a role in a variety of diseases in humans or other species. Increasing extracellular glycine concentrations by inhibiting glycine trans-port may enhance the activity of glycine A receptors. Glycine transport inhibitors and in particular inhibitors of the glycine transporter GlyT1 are thus useful in treating a variety of neurologic and psychiatric disorders.
The present invention thus further relates to the use of the compounds of the formula (I) for the manufacture of a medicament for treating a neurologic or psychiatric disorder, and to corresponding methods of treating said disorders.
According to a particular embodiment, the disorder is associated with glycinergic or glutamatergic neurotransmission dysfunction.
According to a further particular embodiment, the disorder is one or more of the following conditions or diseases: schizophrenia or a psychotic disorder including schizophrenia (paranoid, disorganized, catatonic or undifferentiated), schizophreniform disorder, schizoaffective disorder, delusional disorder, brief psychotic disorder, shared psychotic disorder, psychotic disorder due to a general medical condition and substance-induced psychotic disorder, including both the positive and the negative symptoms of schizophrenia and other psychoses; cognitive disorders including dementia (associated with Alzheimer's disease, ischemia, multi-infarct dementia, trauma, vascular problems or stroke, HIV disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, Pick's disease, Creutzfeldt-Jacob disease, perinatal hypoxia, other general medical conditions or substance abuse); delirium, amnestic disorders or cognitive impairment including age related cognitive decline; anxiety disorders including acute stress disorder, agoraphobia, generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, panic attack, panic disorder, post-traumatic stress disorder, separation anxiety disorder, social phobia, specific phobia, substance-induced anxiety disorder and anxiety due to a general medical condition; substance-related disorders and addictive behaviors (including substance-induced delirium, persisting dementia, persisting amnestic disorder, psychotic disorder or anxiety disorder; tolerance, dependence or withdrawal from substances including alcohol, amphetamines, cannabis, cocaine, hallucinogens, inhalants, nicotine, opioids, phencyclidine, sedatives, hypnotics or anxiolytics); obesity, bulimia nervosa and compulsive eating disorders; bipolar disorders, mood disorders including depressive disorders; depression including unipolar depression, seasonal depression and post-partum depression, premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PDD), mood disorders due to a general medical condition, and substance-induced mood disorders; learning disorders, pervasive developmental disorder including autistic disorder, attention deficit disorders including attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and conduct disorder; movement disorders, including akinesias and akinetic-rigid syndromes (including Parkinson's disease, drug-induced parkinsonism, postencephalitic parkinsonism, progressive supranuclear palsy, multiple system atrophy, corticobasal degeneration, parkinsonism-ALS dementia complex and basal ganglia calcification), medication-induced parkinsonism (such as neuroleptic-induced parkinsonism, neuroleptic malignant syndrome, neuroleptic-induced acute dystonia, neuroleptic-induced acute akathisia, neuroleptic-induced tardive dyskinesia and medication-induced postural tremor), Gilles de la Tourette's syndrome, epilepsy, muscular spasms and disorders associated with muscular spasticity or weakness including tremors; dyskinesias [including tremor (such as rest tremor, postural tremor and intention tremor), chorea (such as Sydenham's chorea, Huntington's disease, benign hereditary chorea, neuroacanthocytosis, symptomatic chorea, drug-induced chorea and hemiballism), myoclonus (including generalised myoclonus and focal myoclonus), tics (including simple tics, complex tics and symptomatic tics), and dystonia (including generalised dystonia such as iodiopathic dystonia, drug-induced dystonia, symptomatic dystonia and paroxymal dystonia, and focal dystonia such as blepharospasm, oromandibular dystonia, spasmodic dysphonia, spasmodic torticollis, axial dystonia, dystonic writer's cramp and hemiplegic dystonia)]; urinary incontinence; neuronal damage including ocular damage, retinopathy or macular degeneration of the eye, tinnitus, hearing impairment and loss, and brain edema; emesis; and sleep disorders including insomnia and narcolepsy.
According to a further particular embodiment, the disorder is pain, in particular chronic pain and especially neuropathic pain.
Pain can be classified as acute and chronic pain. Acute pain and chronic pain differ in their etiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis and treatment.
Acute pain, which occurs following tissue injury, is self-limiting, serves as an alert to ongoing tissue damage and following tissue repair it will usually subside. There are minimal psychological symptoms associated with acute pain apart from mild anxiety. Acute pain is nociceptive in nature and occurs following chemical, mechanical and thermal stimulation of A-delta and C-polymodal pain receptors.
Chronic pain, on the other hand, serves no protective biological function. Rather than being the symptom of tissue damage it is a disease in its own right. Chronic pain is unrelenting and not self-limiting and can persist for years, perhaps decades after the initial injury. Chronic pain can be refractory to multiple treatment regimes. Psychological symptoms associated with chronic pain include chronic anxiety, fear, depression, sleeplessness and impairment of social interaction. Chronic non-malignant pain is predominantly neuropathic in nature and involves damage to either the peripheral or central nervous systems.
Acute pain and chronic pain are caused by different neuro-physiological processes and therefore tend to respond to different types of treatments. Acute pain can be somatic or visceral in nature. Somatic pain tends to be a well localised, constant pain and is described as sharp, aching, throbbing or gnawing. Visceral pain, on the other hand, tends to be vague in distribution, paroxysmal in nature and is usually described as deep, aching, squeezing or colicky in nature. Examples of acute pain include post-operative pain, pain associated with trauma and the pain of arthritis. Acute pain usually responds to treatment with opioids or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
Chronic pain, in contrast to acute pain, is described as burning, electric, tingling and shooting in nature. It can be continuous or paroxysmal in presentation. The hallmarks of chronic pain are chronic allodynia and hyperalgesia. Allodynia is pain resulting from a stimulus that normally does not ellicit a painful response, such as a light touch. Hyperalgesia is an increased sensitivity to normally painful stimuli. Primary hyperalgesia occurs immediately within the area of the injury. Secondary hyperalgesia occurs in the undamaged area surrounding the injury. Examples of chronic pain include complex regional pain syndrome, pain arising from peripheral neuropathies, post-operative pain, chronic fatigue syndrome pain, tension-type headache, pain arising from mechanical nerve injury and severe pain associated with diseases such as cancer, metabolic disease, neurotropic viral disease, neurotoxicity, inflammation, multiple sclerosis or any pain arising as a consequence of or associated with stress or depressive illness.
Although opioids are cheap and effective, serious and potentially life-threatening side effects occur with their use, most notably respiratory depression and muscle rigidity. In addition the doses of opioids which can be administered are limited by nausea, emesis, constipation, pruritis and urinary retention, often resulting in patients electing to receive suboptimal pain control rather than suffer these distressing side-effects. Furthermore, these side-effects often result in patients requiring extended hospitalisation. Opioids are highly addictive and are scheduled drugs in many territories.
The compounds of formula (I) are particularly useful in the treatment of schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depression including unipolar depression, seasonal depression and post-partum depression, premenstrual syndrome (PMS) and premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PDD), learning disorders, pervasive developmental disorder including autistic disorder, attention deficit disorders including Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder, tic disorders including Tourette's disorder, anxiety disorders including phobia and post traumatic stress disorder, cognitive disorders associated with dementia, AIDS dementia, Alzheimer's, Parkinson's, Huntington's disease, spasticity, myoclonus, muscle spasm, tinnitus and hearing impairment and loss are of particular importance.
Particular cognitive disorders are dementia, delirium, amnestic disorders and cognitive impartment including age-related cognitive decline.
Particular anxiety disorders are generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder and panic attack.
Particular schizophrenia or psychosis pathologies are paranoid, disorganized, catatonic or undifferentiated schizophrenia and substance-induced psychotic disorder.
Particular neurologic disorders that can be treated with the compounds of the formula (I) include in particular a cognitive disorder such as dementia, cognitive impairment, attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.
Particular psychiatric disorders that can be treated with the compounds of the formula (I) include in particular an anxiety disorder, a mood disorder such as depression or a bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, a psychotic disorder.
Within the context of the treatment, the use according to the invention of the compounds of the formula (I) involves a method. In this method, an effective quantity of one or more compounds or the formula (I), as a rule formulated in accordance with pharmaceutical and veterinary practice, is administered to the individual to be treated, preferably a mammal, in particular a human being. Whether such a treatment is indicated, and in which form it is to take place, depends on the individual case and is subject to medical assessment (diagnosis) which takes into consideration signs, symptoms and/or malfunctions which are present, the risks of developing particular signs, symptoms and/or malfunctions, and other factors.
As a rule, the treatment is effected by means of single or repeated daily administration, where appropriate together, or alternating, with other drugs or drug-containing preparations.
The invention also relates to the manufacture of pharmaceutical compositions for treating an individual, preferably a mammal, in particular a human being. Thus, the compounds of the formula (I) are customarily administered in the form of pharmaceutical compositions which comprise an inert carrier (e.g. a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient) together with at least one compound according to the invention and, where appropriate, other drugs. These compositions can, for example, be administered orally, rectally, transdermally, subcutaneously, intravenously, intramuscularly or intranasally.
Examples of suitable pharmaceutical formulations are solid medicinal forms, such as powders, granules, tablets, in particular film tablets, lozenges, sachets, cachets, sugarcoated tablets, capsules, such as hard gelatin capsules and soft gelatin capsules, suppositories or vaginal medicinal forms, semisolid medicinal forms, such as ointments, creams, hydrogels, pastes or plasters, and also liquid medicinal forms, such as solutions, emulsions, in particular oil-in-water emulsions, suspensions, for example lotions, injection preparations and infusion preparations, and eyedrops and eardrops. Implanted release devices can also be used for administering inhibitors according to the invention. In addition, it is also possible to use liposomes or microspheres.
When producing the compositions, the compounds according to the invention are optionally mixed or diluted with one or more carriers (excipients). Carriers (excipients) can be solid, semisolid or liquid materials which serve as vehicles, carriers or medium for the active compound.
Suitable carriers (excipients) are listed in the specialist medicinal monographs. In addition, the formulations can comprise pharmaceutically acceptable auxiliary substances, such as wetting agents; emulsifying and suspending agents; preservatives; antioxidants; antiirritants; chelating agents; coating auxiliaries; emulsion stabilizers; film formers; gel formers; odor masking agents; taste corrigents; resin; hydrocolloids; solvents; solubilizers; neutralizing agents; diffusion accelerators; pigments; quaternary ammonium compounds; refatting and overfatting agents; raw materials for ointments, creams or oils; silicone derivatives; spreading auxiliaries; stabilizers; sterilants; suppository bases; tablet auxiliaries, such as binders, fillers, glidants, disintegrants or coatings; propellants; drying agents; opacifiers; thickeners; waxes; plasticizers and white mineral oils. A formulation in this regard is based on specialist knowledge as described, for example, in Fiedler, H. P., Lexikon der Hilfsstoffe für Pharmazie, Kosmetik and angrenzende Gebiete [Encyclopedia of auxiliary substances for pharmacy, cosmetics and related fields], 4 th edition, Aulendorf: ECVEditio-Cantor-Verlag, 1996.
The compounds of formula (I) may also be suitable for combination with other therapeutic agents.
Thus, the present invention also provides:
i) a combination comprising a compound of formula (I) with one or more further therapeutic agents;
ii) a pharmaceutical composition comprising a combination product as defined in i) above and at least one carrier, diluent or excipient;
iii) the use of a combination as defined in i) above in the manufacture of a medicament for treating or preventing a disorder, disease or condition as defined herein;
iv) a combination as defined in i) above for use in treating or preventing a disorder, disease or condition as defined herein;
v) a kit-of-parts for use in the treatment of a disorder, disease or condition as defined herein, comprising a first dosage form comprising a compound of formula (I) and one or more further dosage forms each comprising one or more further therapeutic agents for simultaneous therapeutic administration,
vi) a combination as defined in i) above for use in therapy;
vii) a method of treatment or prevention of a disorder, disease or condition as defined herein comprising administering an effective amount of a combination as defined in i) above;
viii) a combination as defined in i) above for treating or preventing a disorder, disease or condition as defined herein.
The combination therapies of the invention may be administered adjunctively. By adjunctive administration is meant the coterminous or overlapping administration of each of the components in the form of separate pharmaceutical compositions or devices. This regime of therapeutic administration of two or more therapeutic agents is referred to generally by those skilled in the art and herein as adjunctive therapeutic administration; it is also known as add-on therapeutic administration. Any and all treatment regimes in which a patient receives separate but coterminous or overlapping therapeutic administration of the compounds of formula (I) and at least one further therapeutic agent are within the scope of the current invention. In one embodiment of adjunctive therapeutic administration as described herein, a patient is typically stabilized on a therapeutic administration of one or more of the components for a period of time and then receives administration of another component.
The combination therapies of the invention may also be administered simultaneously. By simultaneous administration is meant a treatment regime wherein the individual components are administered together, either in the form of a single pharmaceutical composition or device comprising or containing both components, or as separate compositions or devices, each comprising one of the components, administered simultaneously. Such combinations of the separate individual components for simultaneous combination may be provided in the form of a kit-of-parts.
In a further aspect, the invention provides a method of treatment of a psychotic disorder by adjunctive therapeutic administration of compounds of formula (I) to a patient receiving therapeutic administration of at least one antipsychotic agent. In a further aspect, the invention provides the use of compounds of formula (I) in the manufacture of a medicament for adjunctive therapeutic administration for the treatment of a psychotic disorder in a patient receiving therapeutic administration of at least one antipsychotic agent. The invention further provides compounds of formula (I) for use for adjunctive therapeutic administration for the treatment of a psychotic disorder in a patient receiving therapeutic administration of at least one antipsychotic agent.
In a further aspect, the invention provides a method of treatment of a psychotic disorder by adjunctive therapeutic administration of at least one antipsychotic agent to a patient receiving therapeutic administration of compounds of formula (I). In a further aspect, the invention provides the use of at least one antipsychotic agent in the manufacture of a medicament for adjunctive therapeutic administration for the treatment of a psychotic disorder in a patient receiving therapeutic administration of compounds of formula (I). The invention further provides at least one antipsychotic agent for adjunctive therapeutic administration for the treatment of a psychotic disorder in a patient receiving therapeutic administration of compounds of formula (I).
In a further aspect, the invention provides a method of treatment of a psychotic disorder by simultaneous therapeutic administration of compounds of formula (I) in combination with at least one antipsychotic agent. The invention further provides the use of a combination of compounds of formula (I) and at least one antipsychotic agent in the manufacture of a medicament for simultaneous therapeutic administration in the treatment of a psychotic disorder. The invention further provides a combination of compounds of formula (I) and at least one antipsychotic agent for simultaneous therapeutic administration in the treatment of a psychotic disorder. The invention further provides the use of compounds of formula (I) in the manufacture of a medicament for simultaneous therapeutic administration with at least one antipsychotic agent in the treatment of a psychotic disorder. The invention further provides compounds of formula (I) for use for simultaneous therapeutic administration with at least one antipsychotic agent in the treatment of a psychotic disorder. The invention further provides the use of at least one antipsychotic agent in the manufacture of a medicament for simultaneous therapeutic administration with compounds of formula (I) in the treatment of a psychotic disorder. The invention further provides at least one antipsychotic agent for simultaneous therapeutic administration with compounds of formula (I) in the treatment of a psychotic disorder.
In further aspects, the invention provides a method of treatment of a psychotic disorder by simultaneous therapeutic administration of a pharmaceutical composition comprising compounds of formula (I) and at least one mood stabilising or antimanic agent, a pharmaceutical composition comprising compounds of formula (I) and at least one mood stabilising or antimanic agent, the use of a pharmaceutical composition comprising compounds of formula (I) and at least one mood stabilising or antimanic agent in the manufacture of a medicament for the treatment of a psychotic disorder, and a pharmaceutical composition comprising compounds of formula (I) and at least one mood stabilising or antimanic agent for use in the treatment of a psychotic disorder.
Antipsychotic agents include both typical and atypical antipsychotic drugs. Examples of antipsychotic drugs that are useful in the present invention include, but are not limited to: butyrophenones, such as haloperidol, pimozide, and droperidol; phenothiazines, such as chlorpromazine, thioridazine, mesoridazine, trifluoperazine, perphenazine, fluphenazine, thiflupromazine, prochlorperazine, and acetophenazine; thioxanthenes, such as thiothixene and chlorprothixene; thienobenzodiazepines; dibenzodiazepines; benzisoxazoles; dibenzothiazepines; imidazolidinones; benziso-thiazolyl-piperazines; triazine such as lamotrigine; dibenzoxazepines, such as loxapine; dihydroindolones, such as molindone; aripiprazole; and derivatives thereof that have antipsychotic activity.
Examples of tradenames and suppliers of selected antipsychotic drugs are as follows: clozapine (available under the tradename CLOZARIL®, from Mylan, Zenith Goldline, UDL, Novartis); olanzapine (available under the tradename ZYPREX®, from Lilly); ziprasidone
(available under the tradename GEODON®, from Pfizer); risperidone (available under the tradename RISPERDAL®, from Janssen); quetiapine fumarate (available under the tradename SEROQUEL®, from AstraZeneca); haloperidol (available under the tradename HALDOL®, from Ortho-McNeil); chlorpromazine (available under the tradename THORAZINE®, from SmithKline Beecham (GSK)); fluphenazine (available under the tradename PROLIXIN®, from Apothecon, Copley, Schering, Teva, and American Pharmaceutical Partners, Pasadena); thiothixene (available under the tradename NAVANE®, from Pfizer); trifluoperazine (10-[3-(4-methyl-1-piperazinyl)propyl]-2-(trifluoromethyl)phenothiazine dihydrochloride, available under the tradename STELAZINE®, from Smith Klein Beckman); perphenazine (available under the tradename TRILAFON®; from Schering); thioridazine (available under the tradename MELLARIL®; from Novartis, Roxane, HiTech, Teva, and Alpharma); molindone (available under the tradename MOBAN®, from Endo); and loxapine (available under the tradename LOXITANE(D; from Watson). Furthermore, benperidol (Glianimon®), perazine (Taxilan®) or melperone (Eunerpan®) may be used. Other antipsychotic drugs include promazine (available under the tradename SPARINE®), triflurpromazine (available under the tradename VESPR1N®), chlorprothixene (available under the tradename TARACTAN®), droperidol (available under the tradename INAPSINE®), acetophenazine (available under the tradename TINDAL®), prochlorperazine (available under the tradename COMPAZINE®), methotrimeprazine (available under the tradename NOZINAN®), pipotiazine (available under the tradename PIPOTRIL®), ziprasidone, and hoperidone.
In a further aspect, the invention provides a method of treatment of a neurodegenerative disorder such as Alzheimer Disease by adjunctive therapeutic administration of compounds of formula (I) to a patient receiving therapeutic administration of at least one agent suitable for the treatment of a neurodegenerative disorder such as Alzheimer Disease. In a further aspect, the invention provides the use of compounds of formula (I) in the manufacture of a medicament for adjunctive therapeutic administration for the treatment of a neurodegenerative disorder such as Alzheimer Disease in a patient receiving therapeutic administration of at least one agent suitable for the treatment of a neurodegenerative disorder such as Alzheimer Disease. The invention further provides compounds of formula (I) for use for adjunctive therapeutic administration for the treatment of a neurodegenerative disorder such as Alzheimer Disease in a patient receiving therapeutic administration of at least one agent suitable for the treatment of a neurodegenerative disorder such as Alzheimer Disease.
In a further aspect, the invention provides a method of treatment of a neurodegenerative disorder such as Alzheimer Disease by adjunctive therapeutic administration of at least one agent suitable for the treatment of a neurodegenerative disorder such as Alzheimer Disease to a patient receiving therapeutic administration of compounds of formula (I). In a further aspect, the invention provides the use of at least one agent suitable for the treatment of a neurodegenerative disorder such as Alzheimer Disease in the manufacture of a medicament for adjunctive therapeutic administration for the treatment of a neurodegenerative disorder such as Alzheimer Disease in a patient receiving therapeutic administration of compounds of formula (I). The invention further provides at least one agent suitable for the treatment of a neurodegenerative disorder such as Alzheimer Disease for adjunctive therapeutic administration for the treatment of a neurodegenerative disorder such as Alzheimer Disease in a patient receiving therapeutic administration of compounds of formula (I).
In a further aspect, the invention provides a method of treatment of a neurodegenerative disorder such as Alzheimer Disease by simultaneous therapeutic administration of compounds of formula (I) in combination with at least one agent suitable for the treatment of a neurodegenerative disorder such as Alzheimer Disease. The invention further provides the use of a combination of compounds of formula (I) and at least one agent suitable for the treatment of a neurodegenerative disorder such as Alzheimer Disease in the manufacture of a medicament for simultaneous therapeutic administration in the treatment of a neurodegenerative disorder such as Alzheimer Disease. The invention further provides a combination of compounds of formula (I) and at least one agent suitable for the treatment of a neurodegenerative disorder such as Alzheimer Disease for simultaneous therapeutic administration in the treatment of a neurodegenerative disorder such as Alzheimer Disease. The invention further provides the use of compounds of formula (I) in the manufacture of a medicament for simultaneous therapeutic administration with at least one agent suitable for the treatment of a neurodegenerative disorder such as Alzheimer Disease in the treatment of a neurodegenerative disorder such as Alzheimer Disease. The invention further provides compounds of formula (I) for use for simultaneous therapeutic administration with at least one agent suitable for the treatment of a neurodegenerative disorder such as Alzheimer Disease in the treatment of a neurodegenerative disorder such as Alzheimer Disease. The invention further provides the use of at least one agent suitable for the treatment of a neurodegenerative disorder such as Alzheimer Disease in the manufacture of a medicament for simultaneous therapeutic administration with compounds of formula (I) in the treatment of a neurodegenerative disorder such as Alzheimer Disease. The invention further provides at least one agent suitable for the treatment of a neurodegenerative disorder such as Alzheimer Disease for simultaneous therapeutic administration with compounds of formula (I) in the treatment of a neurodegenerative disorder such as Alzheimer Disease.
Examples of agents suitable for the treatment of a neurodegenerative disorder such as Alzheimer Disease that are useful in the present invention include, but are not limited to: cholinesterase inhibitors, agents targeting nicotinic or muscarinic acethylcholine receptors, NMDA receptors, amyloid formation, mitochondrial dysfunctions, disease associated calpain activity, neuroinflamation, tumor necrosis factor receptors, NF-kappaB, peroxisome proliferator activator receptor gamma, Apolipoprotein E variant 4 (ApoE4), diseaseassociated increase of the HPA axis, epileptic discharges, vascular dysfunction, vascular risk factors, and oxidative stress.
Suitable cholinesterase inhibitors which may be used in combination with the compounds of the inventions include for example tacrine, donepezil, galantamine and rivastigmine.
Suitable NMDA receptors targeting agents which may be used in combination with the compounds of the inventions include for example memantine.
Suitable agents affecting increased HPA axis activity which may be used in combination with the compounds of the inventions include for example CRF1 antagonists or V1b antagonists.
In a further aspect therefore, the invention provides a method of treatment of pain by adjunctive therapeutic administration of compounds of formula (I) to a patient receiving therapeutic administration of at least one agent suitable for the treatment of pain. In a further aspect, the invention provides the use of compounds of formula (I) in the manufacture of a medicament for adjunctive therapeutic administration for the treatment of pain in a patient receiving therapeutic administration of at least one agent suitable for the treatment of pain. The invention further provides compounds of formula (I) for use for adjunctive therapeutic administration for the treatment of pain in a patient receiving therapeutic administration of at least one agent suitable for the treatment of pain.
In a further aspect, the invention provides a method of treatment of pain by adjunctive therapeutic administration of at least one agent suitable for the treatment of pain to a patient receiving therapeutic administration of compounds of formula (I). In a further aspect, the invention provides the use of at least one agent suitable for the treatment of pain in the manufacture of a medicament for adjunctive therapeutic administration for the treatment of pain in a patient receiving therapeutic administration of compounds of formula (I).
The invention further provides at least one agent suitable for the treatment of pain for adjunctive therapeutic administration for the treatment of pain in a patient receiving therapeutic administration of compounds of formula (I).
In a further aspect, the invention provides a method of treatment of pain by simultaneous therapeutic administration of compounds of formula (I) in combination with at least one agent suitable for the treatment of pain. The invention further provides the use of a combination of compounds of formula (I) and at least one agent suitable for the treatment of pain in the manufacture of a medicament for simultaneous therapeutic administration in the treatment of pain. The invention further provides a combination of compounds of formula (I) and at least one agent suitable for the treatment of pain for simultaneous therapeutic administration in the treatment of pain. The invention further provides the use of compounds of formula (I) in the manufacture of a medicament for simultaneous therapeutic administration with at least one agent suitable for the treatment of pain in the treatment of pain. The invention further provides compounds of formula (I) for use for simultaneous therapeutic administration with at least one agent suitable for the treatment of pain in the treatment of pain. The invention further provides the use of at least one agent suitable for the treatment of pain in the manufacture of a medicament for simultaneous therapeutic administration with compounds of formula (I) in the treatment of pain. The invention further provides at least one agent suitable for the treatment of pain for simultaneous therapeutic administration with compounds of formula (I) in the treatment of pain.
Examples of agents suitable for the treatment of pain that are useful in the present invention include, but are not limited to: NSAIDs (Nonsteroidal Antiinflammatory Drugs), anti-convulsant drugs such as carbamazepine and gabapentin, sodium channel blockers, anti-depressant drugs, cannabinoids and local anaesthetics.
Suitable agents used in combination with the compounds of the inventions include for example celecoxib, etoricoxib, lumiracoxib, paracetamol, tramadol, methadone, venlafaxine, imipramine, duloxetine, bupropion, gabapentin, pregabalin, lamotrigine, fentanyl, parecoxib, nefopam, remifentanil, pethidine, diclofenac, rofecoxib, nalbuphine, sufentanil, pethidine, diamorphine and butorphanol.
It will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that the compounds according to the invention may advantageously be used in conjunction with one or more other therapeutic agents, for instance, antidepressant agents such as 5HT3 antagonists, serotonin agonists, NK-1 antagonists, selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI), noradrenaline re-uptake inhibitors (SNRI), tricyclic antidepressants, dopaminergic antidepressants, H3 antagonists, 5HT1A antagonists, 5HT1 B antagonists, 5HT1 D antagonists, D1 agonists, M1 agonists and/or anticonvulsant agents, as well as cognitive enhancers.
Suitable 5HT3 antagonists which may be used in combination of the compounds of the inventions include for example ondansetron, granisetron, metoclopramide.
Suitable serotonin agonists which may be used in combination with the compounds of the invention include sumatriptan, rauwolscine, yohimbine, metoclopramide.
Suitable SSRIs which may be used in combination with the compounds of the invention include fluoxetine, citalopram, femoxetine, fluvoxamine, paroxetine, indalpine, sertraline, zimeldine.
Suitable SNRIs which may be used in combination with the compounds of the invention include venlafaxine and reboxetine.
Suitable tricyclic antidepressants which may be used in combination with a compound of the invention include imipramine, amitriptiline, chlomipramine and nortriptiline.
Suitable dopaminergic antidepressants which may be used in combination with a compound of the invention include bupropion and amineptine.
Suitable anticonvulsant agents which may be used in combination of the compounds of the invention include for example divalproex, carbamazepine and diazepam.
The following examples serve to explain the invention without limiting it.
The compounds were characterized by mass spectrometry, generally recorded via HPLCMS in a fast gradient on C18-material (electrospray-ionisation (ESI) mode).
Preparation Examples
Example 1
For Reference Purposes
1-Benzyl-8-methoxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepine
1.1 1-benzyl-7-methoxy-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-2(1H)-one oxime
To a solution of 4.47 mmol of 1-benzyl-7-methoxy-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-2(1H)-one in 15 ml ethanol were added 5.59 mmol hydroxylamine hydrochloride (dissolved in 3 ml water). The solution was stirred at 65° C. for 1.5 h. The mixture was cooled to RT and concentrated. The residue was dissolved in methyl tert-butylether and washed with water (2×), dried over MgSO 4 and filtered. Evaporation of the solvent gave 1.29 g of 1-benzyl-7-methoxy-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-2(1H)-one oxime (mixture of E- and Z-isomer, 100%).
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=282 Calculated for C 18 H 19 NO 2 =281
1.2 1-Benzyl-8-methoxy-4,5-dihydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-3(2H)-one
To a solution of 8.46 mmol of p-toluenesulfonylchloride, 8.4 mmol triethylamine and 0.16 mmol of dimethylaminopyridine in 5 ml of dichloromethane was added a solution of 945 mg of 1-benzyl-7-methoxy-3,4-dihydronaphthalen-2(1H)-one oxime in 5 ml dichloromethane. The solution was stirred at room temperature over night. The mixture was diluted with dichloromethane and washed with water and saturated NaHCO 3 solution. The combined organic layers were dried over MgSO 4 and filtered. Evaporation of the solvent gave 1.9 g of crude material that was purified by flash chromatography to yield 637 mg of the desired isomer 1-benzyl-8-methoxy-4,5-dihydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-3(2H)-one (67%) and 248 mg of its regioisomer 1-benzyl-8-methoxy-4,5-dihydro-1H-benzo[d]azepin-2(3H)-one (26%).
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=282 Calculated for C 18 H 19 NO 2 =281
1.3 1-Benzyl-8-methoxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepine
To a solution of 2.17 mmol of 1-benzyl-8-methoxy-4,5-dihydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-3(2H)-one in tetrahydrofuran under nitrogen atmosphere was added 3.25 mmol of lithiumaluminumhydride as 1 M solution in tetrahydrofuran. The solution was heated to reflux and stirred for 1.5 h. The mixture was cooled to room temperature and water (1 ml) was carefully added. The mixture was concentrated and the residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate. The organic phase was extracted with acidified water (acidified with 1 M HCl, 4×). To the combined aqueous phase was added NaOH (50%) until basic and ethyl acetate. The suspension was filtered over celite. The residue was washed with water and ethyl acetate. Phases were separated and the aqueous layer was extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were dried over MgSO 4 and filtered. Evaporation of the solvent gave 439 mg of crude material that was purified by flash chromatography to yield 399 mg of 1-benzyl-8-methoxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepine (69%).
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=268 Calculated for C 18 H 21 NO=267
Example 2
N-(2-(1-Benzyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-yloxy)ethyl)-1-methyl-1H-imidazole-4-sulfonamide
2.1 Ethyl 1-benzyl-8-methoxy-4,5-dihydro-1H-benzo[c]azepine-2(3H)-carboxylate
To a solution of 0.97 mmol of 1-benzyl-8-methoxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepine in 10 ml dichloromethane under nitrogene atmosphere were added 1.17 mmol dimethyl amino pyridine and 1.12 mmol ethyl carbonochloridate and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 1 h. The mixture was diluted with methylenechloride and washed with saturated NH 4 Cl solution and brine. The combined organic layers were dried over MgSO 4 and filtered. Evaporation of the solvent gave 248 mg of 1-benzyl-8-methoxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepine (75%).
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=340 Calculated for C 21 H 25 NO 3 =339
2.2 Ethyl 1-benzyl-8-hydroxy-4,5-dihydro-1H-benzo[c]azepine-2(3H)-carboxylate
To a solution of 0.73 mmol 1-benzyl-8-methoxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepine in 7 ml dichloromethylene under nitrogen atmosphere were added 2.20 mmol borontribromide (1M solution in dichloromethane) at 0° C. and stirred for 2 h. To the mixture was added saturated solution of NaHCO 3 . Phases were separated and the aqueous phase was extracted with ethyl acetate. The combined organic layers were washed with water, dried over MgSO 4 and filtered. Evaporation of the solvent gave 242 mg of 11-benzyl-8-hydroxy-4,5-dihydro-1H-benzo[c]azepine-2(3H)-carboxylate (100%).
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=326 Calculated for C 20 H 23 NO 3 =325
2.3 ethyl 2-(1-benzyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-yloxy)ethylcarbamate
To a suspension of 1.88 mmol sodium hydride (60% in mineral oil) in 2 ml dimethyl acetamide under nitrogene atmosphere was added a solution of 0.74 mmol 11-benzyl-8-hydroxy-4,5-dihydro-1H-benzo[c]azepine-2(3H)-carboxylate in 5 ml dimethyl acetamide at room temperature and stirred for 1 h. Then, a solution of 2.23 mmol tert-butyl 2-bromoethylcarbamate in 1 ml dimethyl acetamide was added and the mixture was stirred at room temperature for 2 d. 1.88 mmol of sodium hydride were added followed by 2.23 mmol of tert-butyl 2-bromoethylcarbamate in 1 ml dimethyl acetamide. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for additional 4 d. 1.88 mmol of sodium hydride were added followed by 2.23 mmol of tert-butyl 2-bromoethylcarbamate in 1 ml dimethyl acetamide. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for additional 2 d. The mixture was poured onto water and extracted with diethyl ether (3×). The combined organic layers were washed with water, dried over MgSO 4 and filtered. Evaporation of the solvent gave 1.17 g mg of crude material that was purified by flash chromatography to yield 359 mg of ethyl 2-(1-benzyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-yloxy)ethylcarbamate (100%).
ESI-MS [M + -Boc]=369 Calculated for C 27 H 36 N 2 O 5 =468
2.4 Ethyl 8-(2-aminoethoxy)-1-benzyl-4,5-dihydro-1H-benzo[c]azepine-2(3H)carboxylate
To a solution of 0.46 mmol of ethyl 2-(1-benzyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-yloxy)ethylcarbamate in 3 ml dichloromethane were added 4.57 mmol of a 5-6 N solution of HCl in isopropanol. The mixture was stirred at room temperature over night. The mixture was heated to 40° C. and stirred for additional 2 h. The solvent was evaporated to give 151 mg of crude 2-(1-benzyl-2-(ethoxycarbonyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-yloxy)ethanaminium chloride (82%).
ESI-MS [M + +H]=369 Calculated for C 22 H 28 N 2 O 3 =368
2.5 Ethyl 1-benzyl-8-(2-(1-methyl-1H-imidazole-4-sulfonamido)ethoxy)-4,5-dihydro-1H-benzo[c]azepine-2(3H)-carboxylate
To a solution of 0.12 mmol 2-(1-benzyl-2-(ethoxycarbonyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-yloxy)ethanaminium chloride in 3 ml dichloromethane were added 0.33 mmol dimethylaminopyridine and 0.17 mmol 1-methyl-1H-imidazole-4-sulfonyl chloride. The mixture was stirred at room temperature over night. The mixture was diluted with ethyl acetate and washed with NH 4 Cl solution (2×), water (1×), and brine (1×). The organic layer was dried over MgSO 4 and filtered. Evaporation of the solvent gave 66 mg of crude material that was purified by flash chromatography to yield 60 mg of ethyl 1-benzyl-8-(2-(1-methyl-1H-imidazole-4-sulfonamido)ethoxy)-4,5-dihydro-1H-benzo[c]azepine-2(3H)carboxylate (95%).
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=513 Calculated for C 26 H 32 N 4 O 5 S=512
2.6 N-(2-(1-Benzyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-yloxy)ethyl)-1-methyl-1H-imidazole-4-sulfonamide
0.11 mmol of ethyl 1-benzyl-8-(2-(1-methyl-1H-imidazole-4-sulfonamido)ethoxy)-4,5-dihydro-1H-benzo[c]azepine-2(3H)-carboxylate were dissolved in a solution of potassium hydroxide in ethanol (20%). The solution was heated in the microwave at 100° C. for 3 h. The mixture was diluted with brine and extracted with ethyl acetate (3×). The combined organic layers were concentrated in vacuo to give 96 mg of crude material that was purified by flash chromatography to yield 37 mg of N-(2-(1-benzyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-yloxy)ethyl)-1-methyl-1H-imidazole-4-sulfonamide (77%).
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=441 Calculated for C 23 H 28 N 4 O 3 S=440
Example 3
N-(2-(1-Benzyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-yloxy)ethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-sulfonamide
N-(2-(1-Benzyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-yloxy)ethyl)-1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-sulfonamide was prepared in analogy to example 2 using 1-methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-sulfonyl chloride in place of 1-methyl-1H-imidazole-4-sulfonyl chloride.
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=441 Calculated for C 23 H 28 N 4 O 3 S=440
Example 4
N-(2-(1-benzyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-yloxy)ethyl)-1-cyclopropylmethanesulfonamide
N-(2-(1-Benzyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-yloxy)ethyl)-1-cyclopropylmethanesulfonamide was prepared in analogy to example 2 using cyclopropylmethanesulfonyl chloride in place of 1-methyl-1H-imidazole-4-sulfonyl chloride.
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=415 Calculated for C 23 H 30 N 2 O 3 S=414
Example 5
For Reference Purposes Only
5-(1-(4-Chlorophenyl)cyclobutyl)-7-methoxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrobenzo[f][1,4]oxazepine hydrochloride
5.1 1-(4-Chlorophenyl)-N-(2-(4-methoxyphenoxy)ethyl)cyclobutanecarboxamide
To a solution of 5.74 mmol of 2-(3-methoxy-phenyl)-ethylamine and 10.97 mmol of 4-dimethylaminopyridine in 400 ml dichloromethane were added 5.22 mmol 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-cyclobutanecarboxylic acid and the mixture was cooled to 4° C. EDC was added and the mixture was allowed to warm to room temperature within 45 min. The mixture was stirred at room temperature for additional 60 h. The organic phase was washed with water (3×) and brine, dried over Na 2 SO 4 , and filtered. Evaporation of the solvent gave the crude material, which was purified by flash chromatography to yield 1.87 g of 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(2-(4-methoxyphenoxy)ethyl)cyclobutanecarboxamide (99%).
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=360 Calculated for C 20 H 22 ClNO 3 =359
5.2 5-(1-(4-Chlorophenyl)cyclobutyl)-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydrobenzo[f][1,4]oxazepine
To a solution of 2.92 mmol of 1-(4-chlorophenyl)-N-(2-(4-methoxyphenoxy)ethyl)cyclobutanecarboxamide in 2 ml acetonitrile were added 114.78 mmol POCl 3 and the mixture was stirred in the microwave at 135° C. for 2 h. The mixture was concentrated and the residue was dissolved in ethyl acetate. The organic phase was washed with water (3×) and brine, dried over Na 2 SO 4 , and filtered and concentrated to give 0.8 g of a light yellow solid. The crude material was purified by flash chromatography to yield 0.15 g of 5-(1-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclo-butyl)-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydrobenzo[f][1,4]oxazepine (15%).
5.3 5-(1-(4-Chlorophenyl)cyclobutyl)-7-methoxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrobenzo[f][1,4]oxazepine hydrochloride
To a solution of 0.51 mmol of 5-(1-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclo-butyl)-7-methoxy-2,3-dihydrobenzo[f][1,4]oxazepine in 5 ml methanol and 0.1 ml water were added 1.00 mmol sodium borohydride and the mixture was stirred at room temperature over night. The mixture was concentrated and the residue was dissolved in methylene chloride and water was added. The phases were separated using a Chromabond® PTS column. The aqueous phase was extracted with methylene chloride (1×). The combined organic phases were dried over Na 2 SO 4 , and filtered and concentrated to give 0.18 g of a crude material, which was purified by flash chromatography. To the combined fractions was added a solution of hydrogen chloride in 2-propanol and concentrated. The residue was dissolved in methanol and concentrated (2×). The material was further purified by flash chromatography to yield 14 mg of 5-(1-(4-chlorophenyl)cyclobutyl)-7-methoxy-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrobenzo[f][1,4]oxazepine hydrochloride as a white solid (HCl-salt, 15%).
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=344 Calculated for C 20 H 22 Cl 1 NO 2 =343
Example 6
1-Methyl-1H-imidazole-4-sulfonic acid [2-(1-benzyl-2-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-yloxy)-ethyl]-amide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=455 Calculated for C 24 H 30 N 4 O 3 S=454
Example 7
1-Methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-sulfonic acid [2-(1-benzyl-2-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-yloxy)-ethyl]amide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=455 Calculated for C 24 H 30 N 4 O 3 S=454
Example 8
Propane-1-sulfonic acid {2-[1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-yloxy]-ethyl}-amide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=437 Calculated for C 22 H 29 ClN 2 O 3 S=437
Example 9
Ethanesulfonic acid {2-[1-(4-chlorobenzyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-yloxy]-ethyl}-amide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=423 Calculated for C 21 H 27 ClN 2 O 3 S=423
Example 10
Propane-1-sulfonic acid [2-(1-benzyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-yloxy)-ethyl]-amide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=403 Calculated for C 22 H 30 N 2 O 3 S=403
Example 11
Ethanesulfonic acid [2-(1-benzyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-yloxy)-ethyl]-amide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=389 Calculated for C 21 H 28 N 2 O 3 S=388
Example 12
N-{2-[1-(4-Chlorobenzyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-yloxy]-ethyl}-C-cyclopropyl-methanesulfonamide
The 1R- and 1 S-enantiomers have been prepared but the absolute configuration has not been assigned to the individual compounds.
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=449/451 Calculated for C 23 H 29 ClN 2 O 3 S=449
Example 13
N-{2-[1-Benzyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-yloxy]-ethyl}-C-cyclopropyl-methanesulfonamide
The 1R- and 1 S-enantiomers have been prepared but the absolute configuration has not been assigned to the individual compounds.
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=Calculated for C 23 H 30 N 2 O 3 S=415
Example 14
Propane-1-sulfonic acid [1-(4-chloro-benzyl)-2,3,4,5-tetra-hydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-ylmethyl]-amide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=407 Calculated for C 21 H 27 ClN 2 O 2 S=407
Example 15
N-[1-(4-Chloro-benzyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-ylmethyl]-C-cyclopropyl-methanesulfonamide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=419 Calculated for C 22 H 27 ClN 2 O 2 S=419
Example 16
Ethanesulfonic acid [1-(4-chloro-benzyl)-2,3,4,5-tetra-hydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-ylmethyl]-amide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=393 Calculated for C 20 H 25 ClN 2 O 2 S=393
Example 17
Cyclobutanesulfonic acid [1-(4-chloro-benzyl)-2,3,4,5-tetra-hydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-ylmethyl]-amide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=419 Calculated for C 22 H 27 ClN 2 O 2 S=419
Example 18
1-Methyl-1H-imidazole-4-sulfonic acid [1-(4-chloro-benzyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo-[c]azepin-8-ylmethyl]-amide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=445 Calculated for C 22 H 25 ClN 4 O 2 S=445
Example 19
1-Methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-sulfonic acid [1-(4-chloro-benzyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo-[c]azepin-8-ylmethyl]-amide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=445 Calculated for C 22 H 25 ClN 4 O 2 S=445
Example 20
1-Methyl-1H-imidazole-4-sulfonic acid {2-[1-(3-fluoro-benzyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-yloxy]-ethyl}-amide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=459 Calculated for C 23 H 27 FN 4 O 3 S=458
Example 21
1-Methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-sulfonic acid {2-[1-(3-fluoro-benzyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-yloxy]-ethyl}-amide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=459 Calculated for C 23 H 27 FN 4 O 3 S=458
Example 22
1-Methyl-1H-imidazole-4-sulfonic acid [1-(3-fluoro-benzyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-ylmethyl]-amide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=429 Calculated for C 22 H 25 FN 4 O 2 S=428
Example 23
Propane-1-sulfonic acid {2-[1-(3-fluoro-benzyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-yloxy]-ethyl}-amide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=421 Calculated for C 22 H 29 FN 2 O 3 S=421
Example 24
C-Cyclopropyl-N-{2-[1-(3-fluoro-benzyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-yloxy]-ethyl}-methanesulfonamide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=432 Calculated for C 23 H 29 FN 2 O 3 S=432
Example 25
Ethanesulfonic acid {2-[1-(3-fluoro-benzyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-yloxy]-ethyl}-amide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=407 Calculated for C 21 H 27 FN 2 O 3 S=407
Example 26
1-Methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-sulfonic acid [1-(3-fluoro-benzyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-ylmethyl]-amide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=429 Calculated for C 22 H 25 FN 4 O 2 S=428
Example 27
Propane-1-sulfonic acid [1-(3-fluoro-benzyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-ylmethyl]-amide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=391 Calculated for C 21 H 27 FN 2 O 2 S=390
Example 28
C-Cyclopropyl-N-[1-(3-fluoro-benzyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-ylmethyl)-methanesulfonamide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=403 Calculated for C 22 H 27 FN 2 O 2 S=403
Example 29
Ethanesulfonic acid [1-(3-fluoro-benzyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-ylmethyl]-amide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=377 Calculated for C 20 H 25 FN 2 O 2 S=376
Example 30
N-(1-Benzyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-ylmethyl)-C-cyclopropyl-methane-sulfonamide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=385 Calculated for C 22 H 28 N 2 O 2 S=385
Example 31
Cyclobutanesulfonic acid (1-benzyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-ylmethyl)-amide; compound with (E)-buten-2-enedioic acid
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=395 Calculated for C 22 H 28 N 2 O 2 S=385
Example 32
Propane-1-sulfonic acid (1-benzyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]-azepin-8-ylmethyl)-amide; compound with (E)-buten-2-enedioic acid
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=373 Calculated for C 21 H 28 N 2 O 2 S=373
Example 33
Ethanesulfonic acid (1-benzyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]-azepin-8-ylmethyl)-amide; compound with (E)-buten-2-enedioic acid
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=359 Calculated for C 20 H 26 N 2 O 2 S=358
Example 34
1-Methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-sulfonic acid (1-benzyl-2,3,4,5-tetra-hydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-ylmethyl)-amide; compound with (E)-buten-2-enedioic acid
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=411 Calculated for C 22 H 26 N 4 O 3 S=411
Example 35
1-Methyl-1H-imidazole-4-sulfonic acid (1-benzyl-2,3,4,5-tetra-hydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-ylmethyl)-amide; compound with (E)-buten-2-enedioic acid
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=411 Calculated for C 22 H 26 N 4 O 3 S=411
Example 36
1-Methyl-1H-imidazole-4-sulfonic acid (1-benzyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-ylmethyl)-methyl-amide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=425 Calculated for C 23 H 28 N 4 O 2 S=425
Example 37
1-Methyl-1H-imidazole-4-sulfonic acid (1-benzyl-2-propyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-ylmethyl)-amide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=453 Calculated for C 25 H 32 N 4 O 2 S=453
Example 38
1-Methyl-1H-imidazole-4-sulfonic acid (1-benzyl-2-methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-ylmethyl)-amide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=425 Calculated for C 23 H 28 N 4 O 2 S=425
Example 39
1-Methyl-1H-imidazole-4-sulfonic acid (1-benzyl-2-ethyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-ylmethyl)-amide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=439 Calculated for C 24 H 30 N 4 O 2 S=439
Example 40
1-Methyl-1H-imidazole-4-sulfonic acid (1-benzyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-ylmethyl)-ethyl-amide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=439 Calculated for C 24 H 30 N 4 O 2 S=439
Example 41
1-Methyl-1H-imidazole-4-sulfonic acid (1-benzyl-7-fluoro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-ylmethyl)-amide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=429 Calculated for C 22 H 25 FN 4 O 2 S=428
Example 42
Ethanesulfonic acid (1-benzyl-7-fluoro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-ylmethyl)-amide; compound with trifluoro-acetic acid
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=354 Calculated for C 20 H 25 FN 2 O 2 S=376
Example 43
Ethanesulfonic acid [2-(1-benzyl-7-fluoro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo-[c]azepin-8-yloxy)-ethyl]-amide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=407 Calculated for C 21 H 27 FN 2 O 3 S=406
Example 44
N-(1-Benzyl-7-fluoro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-ylmethyl)-C-cyclopropyl-methanesulfonamide; compound with (E)-but-2-enedioic acid
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=403 Calculated for C 22 H 27 FN 2 O 2 S=403
Example 45
1-Methyl-1H-imidazole-4-sulfonic acid [2-(1-benzyl-7-fluoro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-yloxy)-ethyl]amide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=459 Calculated for C 23 H 27 FN 4 O 3 S=459
Example 46
N-[2-(1-Benzyl-7-fluoro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-yloxy)-ethyl]-C-cyclopropyl-methanesulfonamide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=433 Calculated for C 23 H 29 FN 2 O 3 S=
Example 47
1-Methyl-1H-imidazole-4-sulfonic acid [5-(1-methyl-1-phenyl-ethyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-benzo[f][1,4]oxazepin-7-ylmethyl]-amide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=440 Calculated for C 23 H 28 N 4 O 3 S=441
Example 48
1-Methyl-1H-imidazole-4-sulfonic acid [2-(5-benzyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-benzo[f][1,4]oxazepin-7-yloxy)-ethyl]-amide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=443 Calculated for C 22 H 26 N 4 O 4 S=444
Example 49
1-Methyl-1H-pyrazole-4-sulfonic acid [2-(5-benzyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydrobenzo[f][1,4]oxazepin-7-yloxy)-ethyl]-amide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=443 Calculated for C 22 H 26 N 4 O 4 S=444
Example 50
Ethanesulfonic acid [2-(5-benzyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-benzo[f][1,4]oxazepin-7-yloxy)-ethyl]-amide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=391 Calculated for C 20 H 26 N 2 O 4 S=390
Example 51
Propane-1-sulfonic acid [2-(5-benzyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-benzo[f][1,4]oxazepin-7-yloxy)-ethyl]-amide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=405 Calculated for C 21 H 28 N 2 O 4 S=404
Example 52
Cyclobutanesulfonic acid [2-(5-benzyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-benzo[f][1,4]oxazepin-7-yloxy)-ethyl]-amide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=417 Calculated for C 22 H 28 N 2 O 4 S=417
Example 53
N-[2-(5-Benzyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-benzo[f][1,4]oxazepin-7-yloxy)-ethyl]-C-cyclopropyl-methanesulfonamide
The following compounds were obtained or can be obtained using the procedures described herein.
1
1-Methyl-1H-imidazole-4- sulfonic acid [2-(1-benzyl-2- methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro- 1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-yloxy)- ethyl]-amide
2
1-Methyl-1H-pyrazole-4- sulfonic acid [2-(1-benzyl-2- methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro- 1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-yloxy)- ethyl]-amide
3
Propane-1-sulfonic acid [2- (1-benzyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro- 1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-yloxy)- ethyl]-amide
4
Ethanesulfonic acid [2-(1- benzyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro- 1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-yloxy)- ethyl]-amide
5
Propane-1-sulfonic acid (1- benzyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro- 1H-benzo[c]-azepin-8- ylmethyl)-amide
6
Ethanesulfonic acid (1- benzyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro- 1H-benzo[c]azepin-8- ylmethyl)-amide
7
N-(1-Benzyl-2,3,4,5- tetrahydro-1H- benzo[c]azepin-8-ylmethyl)- C-cyclopropyl-methane- sulfonamide
8
1-Methyl-1H-imidazol-4- sulfonic acid (1-benzyl- 2,3,4,5-tetra-hydro-1H- benzo[c]azepin-8-ylmethyl)- amide
9
1-Methyl-1H-pyrazole-4- sulfonic acid (1-benzyl- 2,3,4,5-tetra-hydro-1H- benzo[c]azepin-8-ylmethyl)- amide
10
1-Methyl-1H-imidazole-4- sulfonic acid (1-benzyl-2- methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro- 1H-benzo[c]azepin-8- ylmethyl)-amide
11
1-Methyl-1H-pyrazole-4- sulfonic acid (1-benzyl-2- methyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro- 1H-benzo[c]azepin-8- ylmethyl)-amide
12
1-benzyl-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro- 1H-benzo[c]azepine-8- carbonitrile
13
N-[2-(1-Benzyl-7-fluoro- 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H- benzo[c]azepin-8-yloxy)- ethyl]-C-cyclopropyl- methanesulfonamide
14
Propane-1-sulfonic acid [2- (1-benzyl-7-fluoro-2,3,4,5- tetrahydro-1H- benzo[c]azepin-8-yloxy)- ethyl]-amide
15
Ethanesulfonic acid [2-(1- benzyl-7-fluoro-2,3,4,5- tetrahydro-1H-benzo- [c]azepin- 8-yloxy)-ethyl]-amide
16
Propane-1-sulfonic acid (1- benzyl-7-fluoro-2,3,4,5- tetrahydro-1H- benzo[c]azepin-8-ylmethyl)- amide
17
Ethanesulfonic acid (1- benzyl-7-fluoro-2,3,4,5- tetrahydro-1H- benzo[c]azepin-8-ylmethyl)- amide
18
N-(1-Benzyl-7-fluoro-2,3,4,5- tetrahydro-1H- benzo[c]azepin-8-ylmethyl)- C-cyclopropyl- methanesulfonamide
19
1-Methyl-1H-imidazole-4- sulfonic acid (1-benzyl-7- fluoro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H- benzo[c]azepin-8-ylmethyl)- amide
20
1-Methyl-1H-pyrazole-4- sulfonic acid (1-benzyl-7- fluoro-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H- benzo[c]azepin-8-ylmethyl)-amide
21
Propane-1-sulfonic acid {2- [1-(4-fluoro-benzyl)-2,3,4,5- tetrahydro-1H- benzo[c]azepin-8-yloxy]- ethyl}-amide
22
Ethanesulfonic acid {2-[1-(4- fluoro-benzyl)-2,3,4,5- tetrahydro-1H- benzo[c]azepin-8-yloxy]- ethyl}-amide
23
1-Methyl-1H-imidazole-4- sulfonic acid [1-(4-fluoro- benzyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro- 1H-benzo[c]azepin-8- ylmethyl]-amide
24
Propane-1-sulfonic acid [1- (4-chloro-benzyl)-2,3,4,5- tetra-hydro-1H- benzo[c]azepin-8-ylmethyl]- amide
25
Ethanesulfonic acid [1-(4- chloro-benzyl)-2,3,4,5-tetra- hydro-1H-benzo[c]azepin-8- ylmethyl]-amide
26
N-[1-(4-Chloro-benzyl)- 2,3,4,5-tetrahydro-1H- benzo[c]azepin-8-ylmethyl]- C-cyclopropyl- methanesulfonamide
27
1-Methyl-1H-imidazole-4- sulfonic acid [1-(4-chloro- benzyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro- 1H-benzo[c]azepin-8- ylmethyl]-amide
28
1-Methyl-1H-pyrazole-4- sulfonic acid [1-(4-chloro- benzyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro- 1H-benzo[c]azepin-8- ylmethyl]-amide
29
Propane-1-sulfonic acid (1- pyridin-2-yl-methyl-2,3,4,5- tetrahydro-1H- benzo[c]azepin-8-ylmethyl)- amide
30
Ethanesulfonic acid (1- pyridin-2-yl-methyl-2,3,4,5- tetrahydro-1H- benzo[c]azepin-8-ylmethyl)- amide
31
C-Cyclopropyl-N-(1-pyridin- 2-ylmethyl-2,3,4,5- tetrahydro-1H- benzo[c]azepin-8-ylmethyl)- methanesulfonamide
32
1-Methyl-1H-imidazole-4- sulfonic acid {2-[1-(4-chloro- benzyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro- 1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-yloxy]- ethyl}-amide
33
1-Methyl-1H-pyrazole-4- sulfonic acid {2-[1-(4-chloro- benzyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro- 1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-yloxy]- ethyl}-amide
34
1-Methyl-1H-imidazole-4- sulfonic acid {2-[1-(3-chloro- benzyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro- 1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-yloxy]- ethyl}-amide
35
1-Methyl-1H-pyrazole-4- sulfonic acid {2-[1-(3-chloro- benzyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro- 1H-benzyl[c]azepin-8-yloxy]- ethyl}-amide
36
1-Methyl-1H-imidazole-4- sulfonic acid {2-[1-(3-fluoro- benzyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro- 1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-yloxy]- ethyl}-amide
37
1-Methyl-1H-pyrazole-4- sulfonic acid {2-[1-(3-fluoro- benzyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro- 1H-benzo[c]azepin-8-yloxy]- ethyl}-amide
38
Propane-1-sulfonic acid [1- (4-fluoro-benzyl)-2,3,4,5- tetrahydro-1H- benzo[c]azepin-8-ylmethyl]- amide
39
Ethanesulfonic acid [1-(4- fluoro-benzyl)-2,3,4,5- tetrahydro-1H- benzo[c]azepin-8-ylmethyl]- amide
40
C-Cyclopropyl-N-[1-(4- fluoro-benzyl)-2,3,4,5- tetrahydro-1H- benzo[c]azepin-8-ylmethyl]- methanesulfonamide
41
1-Methyl-1H-imidazole-4- sulfonic acid [1-(4-fluoro- benzyl)-2,3,4,5-tetrahydro- 1H-benzo[c]azepin-8- ylmethyl]-amide
Biological Testing
1. [ 3 H]-Glycine Uptake into Recombinant CHO Cells Expressing Human GlyT1:
Human GlyT1c expressing recombinant hGlyT1c — 5_CHO cells were plated at 20,000 cells per well in 96 well Cytostar-T scintillation microplates (Amersham Biosciences) and cultured to sub-confluency for 24 h. For glycine uptake assays the culture medium was aspirated and the cells were washed once with 100 μl HBSS (Gibco BRL, #14025-050) with 5 mM L-Alanine (Merck #1007). 80 μl HBSS buffer were added, followed by 10 μl inhibitor or vehicle (10% DMSO) and 10 μl [ 3 H]-glycine (TRK71, Amersham Biosciences) to a final concentration of 200 nM for initiation of glycine uptake. The plates were placed in a Wallac Microbeta (PerkinElmer) and continuously counted by solid phase scintillation spectrometry during up to 3 hours. Nonspecific uptake was determined in the presence of 10 μM Org24598. IC 50 calculations were made by four-parametric logistic nonlinear regression analysis (GraphPad Prism) using determinations within the range of linear increase of [ 3 H]-glycine incorporation between 60 and 120 min.
2. Radioligand Binding Assays Using Recombinant CHO Cell Membranes Expressing Human GlyT1:
Radioligand binding to human GlyT1c transporter-expressing membranes was determined as described in Mezler et al., Molecular Pharmacology 74:1705-1715, 2008.
3. Metabolic Stability
Metabolic stability was determined as follows:
0.5 μM test substance was preincubated together with human liver microsomes (0.25 mg of microsomal protein/ml) in 0.05 M potassium phosphate buffer of pH 7.4 in microtiter plates at 37° C. for 5 min. The reaction was started by adding NADPH (1.0 mM). After 0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 30 min, 65 μl aliquots were removed, and the reaction was immediately stopped and cooled with twice the amount of ethanol. The samples were frozen until analyzed. The remaining concentration of undegraded test substance was determined by LC MSMS. The half-life (T½) was determined from the gradient of the signal of test substance/unit time plot, allowing to calculate the half-life of the test substance, assuming first order kinetics, from the decrease in the concentration of the compound with time. The microsomal clearance (mCl) was calculated from mCl=ln 2/T½/(content of microsomal protein in mg/ml)×1000 (modified from references: Di, The Society for Biomolecular Screening, 2003, 453-462; Obach, DMD, 1999 vol 27. N 11, 1350-1359).
The following results were obtained with the compounds disclosed in the examples:
Example
radioligand binding K iapp [nmol]
human mCl [μl/min/mg]
1
>10000
≦50
2
≦100
≦50
3
≦10
≦50
4
≦100
≦50
5
≦10000
≦250
6
≦10
≦150
7
≦10
≦200
8
≦1000
≦250
9
≦10000
≦100
10
≦100
≦50
11
≦1000
≦50
12*
≦1000
≦150
≦10000
≦150
13*
≦100
≦50
≦1000
≦50
14
≦1000
≦50
15
≦10000
≦100
16
≦10000
≦50
17
≦1000
≦100
18
≦1000
≦50
19
≦100
≦100
20
≦10
≦50
21
≦10
≦100
22
≦10
≦50
23
≦100
≦150
24
≦100
≦100
25
≦1000
≦50
26
≦10
≦50
27
≦1000
≦100
28
≦100
≦50
29
≦1000
≦50
30
≦100
≦50
31
≦100
≦100
32
≦1000
≦100
33
≦10000
≦50
34
≦10
≦50
35
≦10
≦50
36
≦100
≦50
37
≦10
≦300
38
≦100
≦100
39
≦100
≦150
40
≦100
≦50
41
≦10
≦50
42
≦1000
≦50
43
≦1000
≦50
44
≦100
≦50
45
≦100
≦50
46
≦100
≦50
47
≦10000
—
48
≦100
≦50
49
≦100
≦50
50
≦10000
≦50
51
≦1000
≦100
52
≦1000
≦100
53
≦1000
≦100
*(1R)/(1S)
Further, the present application relates to isoindoline derivatives of the formula (A):
wherein R, R 2 , R 3 , R 4 , X 2 , X 3 , R 5 are as defined herein for the benzazepine derivatives, or a physiologically tolerated salt thereof; pharmaceutical compositions comprising such compounds; and the use of such compounds for therapeutic purposes. The compounds are GlyT1 inhibitors.
The isoindoline derivatives and their physiologically tolerated salts can be prepared by analogy to methods which are well known in the art. Suitable methods for the preparation of isoindoline derivatives of formula (A) are outlined in the following schemes.
The following examples serve to explain the invention relating to the isoindoline derivatives without limiting it.
The compounds were characterized by mass spectrometry, generally recorded via HPLCMS in a fast gradient on C18-material (electrospray-ionisation (ESI) mode).
Preparation Examples
The following compounds were obtained using the procedures described herein.
Example A1
N-[2-(3-benzyl-1-oxo-isoindolin-5-yl)oxyethyl]-1-methyl-imidazole-4-sulfonamide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=427 Calculated for C 21 H 22 N 4 O 4 S=426
Example A 2
N-[(3-benzyl-1-oxo-isoindolin-5-ylmethyl]-1-methyl-imidazole-4-sulfonamide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=397 Calculated for C 20 H 20 N 4 O 3 S=396
Example A3
[2-(3-Benzyl-1-oxo-2,3-dihydro-1H-isoindol-5-yloxy)-ethyl]-carbamic acid tert-butyl ester
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=383 Calculated for C 22 H 26 N 2 O 4 =382
Example A4
N-[(3-benzylisoindolin-5-yl)methyl]-1-methyl-imidazole-4-sulfonamide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=383 Calculated for C 20 H 22 N 4 O 2 S=382
Example A5
N-[2-(3-benzylisoindolin-5-yl)oxyethyl]-1-methyl-imidazole-4-sulfonamide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=413 Calculated for C 21 H 24 N 4 O 3 S=412
Example A6
N-[2-(3-benzyl-1-oxo-isoindolin-5-yl)oxyethyl]-1-methyl-pyrazole-4-sulfonamide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=427 Calculated for C 21 H 22 N 4 O 4 S=426
Example A7
N-[2-(3-benzylisoindolin-5-yl)oxyethyl]-1-methyl-pyrazole-4-sulfonamide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=413 Calculated for C 21 H 24 N 4 O 3 S=412
Example A8
N-[2-(3-benzyl-3-methyl-1-oxo-isoindolin-5-yl)oxyethyl]-1-methyl-imidazole-4-sulfonamide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=441 Calculated for C 22 H 24 N 4 O 4 S=440
Example A9
N-[2-(3-benzyl-3-methyl-1-oxo-isoindolin-5-yl)oxyethyl]-1-methyl-pyrazole-4-sulfonamide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=441 Calculated for C 22 H 24 N 4 O 4 S=440
Example A10
N-[2-(3-benzyl-3-methyl-isoindolin-5-yl)oxyethyl]-1-methyl-pyrazole-4-sulfonamide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=427 Calculated for C 22 H 26 N 4 O 3 S=426
Example A11
N-[2-(3-benzyl-3-methyl-isoindolin-5-yl)oxyethyl]-1-methyl-imidazole-4-sulfonamide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=427 Calculated for C 22 H 26 N 4 O 3 S=426
Example A12
N-[2-[3-benzyl-2-(2,2,2-trifluoroacetyhisoindolin-5-yl]oxyethyl]-1-methylpyrazole-4-sulfonamide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=509 Calculated for C 23 H 23 F 3 N 4 O 4 S=509
Example A13
N-[2-(3-benzyl-2-methyl-isoindolin-5-yl)oxyethyl]-1-methyl-pyrazole-4-sulfonamide; 2,2,2-trifluoroacetic acid
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=427 Calculated for C 22 H 26 N 4 O 3 S=426
Example A14
N-[2-(3-benzyl-2-methyl-isoindolin-5-yl)oxyethyl]-1-methyl-imidazole-4-sulfonamide; 2,2,2-trifluoroacetic acid
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=427 Calculated for C 22 H 26 N 4 O 3 S=426
Example A15
N-[2-[3-benzyl-2-(2,2,2-trifluoroethyl)isoindolin-5-yl]oxyethyl]-1-methylpyrazole-4-sulfonamide; 2,2,2-trifluoroacetic acid
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=495 Calculated for C 23 H 25 F 3 N 4 O 3 S=494
Example A16
N-[2-[3-benzyl-2-(oxetan-3-yl)isoindolin-5-yl]oxyethyl]-1-methyl-pyrazole-4-sulfonamide; 2,2,2-trifluoroacetic acid
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=469 Calculated for C 24 H 28 N 4 O 4 S=468
Example A17
N-[2-(3-benzyl-3-methyl-1-oxo-isoindolin-5-yl)oxyethyl]-1-cyclopropylmethanesulfonamide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=415 Calculated for C 22 H 26 N 2 O 4 S=414
Example A18
N-[2-(3-benzyl-3-methyl-isoindolin-5-yl)oxyethyl]-1-cyclopropylmethanesulfonamide; 2,2,2-trifluoroacetic acid
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=401 Calculated for C 22 H 28 N 2 O 3 S=400
Example A19
N-[2-(3-benzyl-6-fluoro-1-oxo-isoindolin-5-yl)oxyethyl]-1-methyl-imidazole-4-sulfonamide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=443 Calculated for C 21 H 21 FN 4 O 4 S=444
Example A 20
N-(2-(3-benzyl-6-fluoro-2-methylisoindolin-5-yloxy)ethyl)-1-cyclopropylmethanesulfonamide
ESI-MS [M+H + ]=419 Calculated for C 22 H 27 FN 2 O 3 S=418
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