(en)The invention relates to a method of treating dermatological conditions or symptoms associated therewith in a patient in need thereof by topically administering an effective amount of a combination of brimonidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and oxymetazoline or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to the affected area of skin on the patient. The invention further relates to topical compositions including the combination of compounds and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

1.ApplicationNumber: US-201314101464-A
1.PublishNumber: US-2014094470-A1
2.Date Publish: 20140403
3.Inventor: GRAEBER MICHAEL
LEONI MATTHEW JAMES
WAGNER NATHALIE

4.Inventor Harmonized: GRAEBER MICHAEL(US)
LEONI MATTHEW JAMES(US)
WAGNER NATHALIE(FR)

5.Country: US
6.Claims:
(en)The invention relates to a method of treating dermatological conditions or symptoms associated therewith in a patient in need thereof by topically administering an effective amount of a combination of brimonidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and oxymetazoline or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to the affected area of skin on the patient. The invention further relates to topical compositions including the combination of compounds and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.

7.Description:
(en)This application is a continuation of U.S. application Ser. No. 13/232,139, filed Sep. 14, 2011, which claims priority from U.S. Provisional Application bearing Ser. No. 61/387,268 filed Sep. 28, 2010, the disclosures of which are incorporated herein by reference.


BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
Many people are affected by dermatological conditions that result in unsightly, painful, and itchy rashes; acne; psoriasis; dermatitis; temporary or persistent dilation of blood vessels in the skin; and acne-like skin eruptions, such as macules, nodules, vesicles or blisters and pustules that may ooze or crust. Dermatological conditions often result in intense psychosocial distress.
There is no known cure for many dermatological conditions. Standard treatments include avoidance of triggers such as sun exposure, wind exposure, alcohol consumption, spicy foods, and irritating facial cleansers, lotions, and cosmetics. Antibiotics are the traditional first line of therapy. Long-term treatment (5 to 8 weeks or more) with oral antibiotics such as tetracycline, minocycline, doxycycline or clarithromycin may control skin eruptions. Alternative oral treatments include vitamin A medications, such as isoretinoin and antifungal medications. Unfortunately, such oral medications often cause side effects and many people have limited tolerance. Topical treatments, such as topically applied antibiotics and antifungals or steroids, are available but also have limited effectiveness or the use is restricted due to safety considerations. For example, isoretinoin has serious teratogenic side-effects and female patients of child bearing age must use effective birth control or avoid the therapy. Topical treatments include topically applied metronidazole, topically applied steroids, topically applied azelaic acid, topically applied rentinoic acid or retinaldehyde, and topical vitamin C preparations are available but have limited effectiveness and cannot treat all the signs and symptoms. Intervention, such as the laser elimination of blood vessels, is typically a last resort, but may be prescribed if other treatments are ineffective. In patients with nose hyperplasia, surgical reduction may improve the patient's cosmetic appearance, but does not treat the disease itself. Finally mixed light pulse (photoderm) therapy has only proved somewhat effective for symptoms associated with certain dermatological conditions in some patients. Thus, there remains a need for topical compositions for treatment of dermatological conditions and their symptoms.
In U.S. Pat. No. 7,439,241, brimonidine and its pharmaceutically acceptable salts, especially the tartrate salt, are reported to be effective for use as a topical treatment of redness associated with rosacea. In U.S. Patent Publication No. 2005/0165079, oxymetazoline is also reported to be effective for topically treating erythema resulting from rosacea. In U.S. Patent Publication No. 2005/0276830, alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonists are reported to be effective for treating non-rosacea inflammatory skin disorders.
There is a need for a topical treatment for dermatological conditions that works better than currently available therapies.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The present inventors have discovered advantageous properties of a combination of brimonidine and oxymetazoline in treating certain skin conditions. These advantages include, for example, unexpectedly advantageous pharmacokinetics, increased efficacy, reduced side effects, and/or the ability to use unexpectedly low doses.
The present invention relates to a method for treating dermatological conditions in a patient in need thereof, the method including topically administering an effective amount of a combination of brimonidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and oxymetazoline or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to the affected area of skin on the patient, wherein the dermatological conditions do not include, and are not associated with, rosacea.
In one embodiment, the dermatological conditions are erythema, telangiectasia, actinic telangiectasia, psoriasis, skin cancer, pemphigus, sunburn, dermatitis, eczema, rashes, acne, impetigo, lichen simplex chronicus, rhinophyma, perioral dermatitis, pseudofolliculitis barbae, drug eruptions, erythema multiforme, erythema nodosum, granuloma annulare, actinic keratosis, purpura, alopecia greata, aphthous stomatitis, drug eruptions, dry skin, chapping, xerosis, ichthyosis vulgaris, fungal infections, herpes simplex, intertrigo, keloids, keratoses, milia, moluscum contagiosum, pityriasis rosea, pruritus, urticaria, vascular tumors and malformations, or combinations thereof. In another embodiment, the dermatological conditions are erythema, telangiectasia, psoriasis, skin cancer, or combinations thereof.
The invention also relates to a topical composition for carrying out the method of the invention. The composition includes, as active ingredients, brimonidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; oxymetazoline or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof; and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier. The pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is preferably selected from the group consisting of lotions, gels, creams, ointments, pastes, unguents, emulsions, aerosols, sprays, solutions, washes, and shampoos.
In a preferred embodiment, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of brimonidine is brimonidine tartrate. In another preferred embodiment, the pharmaceutically acceptable salt of oxymetazoline is oxymetazoline hydrochloride.
The brimonidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is preferably administered in the method, or present in the composition, in a minimum amount of about 0.01% and a maximum amount of about 5% based upon the total weight of the composition. Likewise, the oxymetazoline or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is preferably administered in the method, or present in the composition, in a minimum amount of about 0.01% and a maximum amount of about 5% based upon the total weight of the composition.
In one embodiment, the active ingredients are only brimonidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and oxymetazoline or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.


DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
In one embodiment, the present invention relates to methods of treating dermatological conditions in a patient in need thereof by topically administering an effective amount of a combination of brimonidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and oxymetazoline or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof to the skin of the patient. The combination is applied to the affected area of skin.
In one embodiment, the combination of brimonidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and oxymetazoline or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered separately from two different compositions. In another embodiment, the combination of brimonidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and oxymetazoline or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is administered from one composition comprising both active ingredients, e.g., a composition of the present invention.
One or more dermatological conditions may be treated using the combination of compounds of the invention. Dermatological conditions include inflammatory skin disorders and non-inflammatory skin disorders. Dermatological conditions include, but are not limited to, erythema, telangiectasia, actinic telangiectasia, psoriasis, skin cancer, pemphigus, sunburn, dermatitis, eczema, rashes, acne, impetigo, lichen simplex chronicus, rhinophyma, perioral dermatitis, pseudofolliculitis barbae, drug eruptions, erythema multiforme, erythema nodosum, granuloma annulare, actinic keratosis, purpura, alopecia greata, aphthous stomatitis, drug eruptions, dry skin, chapping, xerosis, ichthyosis vulgaris, fungal infections, herpes simplex, intertrigo, keloids, keratoses, milia, moluscum contagiosum, pityriasis rosea, pruritus, urticaria, and vascular tumors and malformations. Dermatitis includes contact dermatitis, atopic dermatitis, seborrheic dermatitis, nummular dermatitis, generalized exfoliative dermatitis, and statis dermatitis. Skin cancers include melanoma, basal cell carcinoma, and squamous cell carcinoma.
Some types of acne include, for example, acne vulgaris, cystic acne, acne atrophica, bromide acne, chlorine acne, acne conglobata, acne cosmetica, acne detergicans, epidemic acne, acne estivalis, acne fulminans, halogen acne, acne indurata, iodide acne, acne keloid, acne mechanica, acne papulosa, pomade acne, premenstral acne, acne pustulosa, acne scorbutica, acne scrofulosorum, acne urticata, acne varioliformis, acne venenata, propionic acne, acne excoriee, gram negative acne, steroid acne, and nodulocystic acne.
Dermatological conditions present various symptoms including redness, flushing, burning, scaling, pimples, papules, pustules, comedones, macules, nodules, vesicles, blisters, telangiectasia, spider veins, sores, surface irritations or pain, itching, inflammation, red, purple, or blue patches or discolorations, moles, and/or tumors.
The invention encompasses one or more of any combination of the dermatological conditions or symptoms listed above. In a preferred embodiment, the dermatological conditions or symptoms include erythema, telangiectasia, psoriasis, and skin cancer. In this specification, dermatological conditions exclude rosacea and the symptoms associated therewith, such as erythema and telangiectasia associated with rosacea.
Brimonidine, i.e., 5-bromo-6-(2-imidazolidinylideneamino) quinoxaline, is a selective alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonist. Its structure is shown below.









Oxymetazoline is both an alpha-1 and alpha-2 adrenergic receptor agonist. Its structure is shown below.









Pharmaceutically acceptable salts thereof, as used herein, means those salts of the compounds of the invention that are safe and effective for topical use in mammals and that possess the desired biological activity. Pharmaceutically acceptable salts include salts of basic groups present in compounds of the invention. Pharmaceutically acceptable acid addition salts include, but are not limited to, hydrochloride, hydrobromide, hydroiodide, nitrate, sulfate, bisulfate, phosphate, acid phosphate, isonicotinate, acetate, lactate, salicylate, citrate, tartrate, pantothenate, bitartrate, ascorbate, succinate, maleate, gentisinate, fumarate, gluconate, glucaronate, saccharate, formate, benzoate, glutamate, methanesulfonate, ethanesulfonate, benzensulfonate, p-toluenesulfonate and pamoate (i.e., 1,1′-methylene-bis-(2-hydroxy-3-naphthoate)) salts. Certain compounds of the invention can form pharmaceutically acceptable salts with various amino acids. For a review on pharmaceutically acceptable salts see B ERGE ET AL., 66 J. P HARM . S CI. 1-19 (1977).
Brimonidine tartrate is the preferred salt of brimonidine. Oxymetazoline hydrochloride is the preferred salt of oxymetazoline.
The syntheses of brimonidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and oxymetazoline or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof are well known in the art. For example, see U.S. Pat. No. 7,439,241 and Fuhrhop, et al. “Organic Synthesis: Concepts and Methods” 2003, page 237-238.
Pharmaceutically Acceptable Carriers
In one embodiment, the compounds of the invention are delivered to the affected area of the skin in a pharmaceutically acceptable topical carrier. As used herein, a pharmaceutically acceptable topical carrier is any pharmaceutically acceptable composition that can be applied to the skin surface for topical, dermal, intradermal, or transdermal delivery of a pharmaceutical or medicament. Topical compositions of the invention are prepared by mixing a compound of the invention with a topical carrier according to well-known methods in the art, for example, methods provided by standard reference texts such as, R EMINGTON : T HE S CIENCE AND P RACTICE OF P HARMACY 1577-1591, 1672-1673, 866-885(Alfonso R. Gennaro ed. 19th ed. 1995); Ghosh, T. K.; et al. T RANSDERMAL AND T OPICAL D RUG D ELIVERY S YSTEMS (1997).
The topical carriers useful for topical delivery of compounds of the invention can be any carrier known in the art for topically administering pharmaceuticals, for example, but not limited to, pharmaceutically acceptable solvents, such as a polyalcohol or water; emulsions (either oil-in-water or water-in-oil emulsions), such as creams or lotions; micro emulsions; gels; ointments; liposomes; powders; aqueous solutions or suspensions, such as standard ophthalmic preparations; aerosols; sprays; washes; and shampoos.
Emulsions, Gels, Ointments, and Creams As Topical Carriers
In a preferred embodiment, the topical carrier used to deliver a compound of the invention is an emulsion, gel, ointment, or cream. Emulsions, such as creams and lotions are suitable topical compositions for use in the invention. An emulsion is a dispersed system comprising at least two immiscible phases, one phase dispersed in the other as droplets ranging in diameter from 0.1 μm to 100 μm. An emulsifying agent is typically included to improve stability. When water is the dispersed phase and an oil is the dispersion medium, the emulsion is termed a water-in-oil emulsion. When an oil is dispersed as droplets throughout the aqueous phase as droplets, the emulsion is termed an oil-in-water emulsion. Emulsions, such as creams and lotions that can be used as topical carriers and their preparation are disclosed in R EMINGTON : T HE S CIENCE AND P RACTICE OF P HARMACY 282-291 (Alfonso R. Gennaro ed. 19th ed. 1995).
In one embodiment, the pharmaceutically acceptable carrier is a gel. Gels are semisolid systems that contain suspensions of inorganic particles, usually small inorganic particles, or organic molecules, usually large organic molecules, interpenetrated by a liquid. When the gel mass comprises a network of small discrete inorganic particles, it is classified as a two-phase gel. Single-phase gels consist of organic macromolecules distributed uniformly throughout a liquid such that no apparent boundaries exist between the dispersed macromolecules and the liquid. Suitable gels for use in the invention are known in the art, and may be two-phase or single-phase systems. Some examples of suitable gels are disclosed in REMINGTON: THE SCIENCE AND PRACTICE OF PHARMACY 1517-1518 (Alfonso R. Gennaro ed. 19 th ed. 1995). Other suitable gels for use with the invention are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 6,387,383 (issued May 14, 2002); U.S. Pat. No. 6,517,847 (issued Feb. 11, 2003); and U.S. Pat. No. 6,468,989 (issued Oct. 22, 2002).
Gelling agents, that may be used include those known to one skilled in the art, such as hydrophilic and hydroalcoholic gelling agents frequently used in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries. Preferably, the hydrophilic or hydroalcoholic gelling agent comprises “CARBOPOL®” (B.F. Goodrich, Cleveland, Ohio), “HYPAN®” (Kingston Technologies, Dayton, N.J.), “NATROSOL®” (Aqualon, Wilmington, Del.), “KLUCEL®” (Aqualon, Wilmington, Del.), or “STABILEZE®” (ISP Technologies, Wayne, N.J.).
“CARBOPOL®” is one of numerous cross-linked acrylic acid polymers that are given the general adopted name carbomer. “Carbomer” is the USP designation for various polymeric acids that are dispersible but insoluble in water. When the acid dispersion is neutralized with a base a clear, stable gel is formed. The preferred carbomer is Carbomer 934P because it is physiologically inert and is not a primary irritant or sensitizer. Other carbomers include 910, 940, 941, and 1342.
Carbomers dissolve in water and form a clear or slightly hazy gel upon neutralization with a caustic material such as sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, triethanolamine, or other amine bases. “KLUCEL®.” is a cellulose polymer that is dispersed in water and forms a uniform gel upon complete hydration. Other preferred gelling agents include hydroxyethylcellulose, cellulose gum, MVE/MA decadiene crosspolymer, PVM/MA copolymer, or a combination thereof.
In a preferred embodiment, the minimum amount of gelling agent in the composition is about 0.5%, more preferably, about 0.75%, and most preferably about 1%.
In another preferred embodiment, the maximum amount of gelling agent in the composition is about 2%, more preferably about 1.75%, and most preferably about 1.5%.
In another preferred embodiment, the topical carrier used to deliver a compound of the invention is an ointment. Ointments are oleaginous semisolids that contain little if any water. Preferably, the ointment is hydrocarbon based, such as a wax, petrolatum, or gelled mineral oil. Suitable ointments for use in the invention are well known in the art and are disclosed in R EMINGTON : T HE S CIENCE AND P RACTICE OF P HARMACY 1585-1591 (Alfonso R. Gennaro ed. 19th ed. 1995).
The pharmaceutical carrier may also be a cream. A cream is an emulsion, i.e., a dispersed system comprising at least two immiscible phases, one phase dispersed in the other as droplets ranging in diameter from 0.1 μm to 100 μm. An emulsifying agent is typically included to improve stability. When water is the dispersed phase and an oil is the dispersion medium, the emulsion is termed a water-in-oil emulsion. When an oil is dispersed as droplets throughout the aqueous phase as droplets, the emulsion is termed an oil-in-water emulsion. Emulsions that can be used as topical carriers and their preparation are disclosed in REMINGTON: THE SCIENCE AND PRACTICE OF PHARMACY 282-291 (Alfonso R. Gennaro ed. 19 th ed. 1995).
The pH of the pharmaceutical carrier is adjusted with, for example, a base such as sodium hydroxide or potassium hydroxide. The minimum pH of the carrier is about 5, preferably 5.5, and most preferably 6.2 when the carrier is diluted by a factor of ten. The maximum pH of the carrier is about 7.5, preferably 7, and most preferably 6.8 when the carrier is diluted by a factor of ten. Each minimum pH value can be combined with each maximum pH value to create various pH ranges. For example, the pH may be a minimum of 6.2 and a maximum of 7.5.
The pH values given above are those that occur if the composition is diluted with water by a factor of ten. It is not necessary to dilute the composition by a factor of ten in order to obtain a pH value. In practice, the composition may be diluted by any value that permits pH to be measured. For example, the composition may be diluted by a factor of about five to about twenty.
Aqueous Topical Compositions of the Invention
In another embodiment, the topical carrier used in the topical compositions of the invention is an aqueous solution or suspension, preferably, an aqueous solution. Well-known ophthalmic solutions and suspensions are suitable topical carriers for use in the invention. Suitable aqueous topical compositions for use in the invention are disclosed in REMINGTON: T HE S CIENCE AND P RACTICE OF P HARMACY 1563-1576 (Alfonso R. Gennaro ed. 19th ed. 1995). Other suitable aqueous topical carrier systems are disclosed in U.S. Pat. No. 5,424,078 (issued Jun. 13, 1995); U.S. Pat. No. 5,736,165 (issued Apr. 7, 1998); U.S. Pat. No. 6,194,415 (issued Feb. 27, 2001); U.S. Pat. No. 6,248,741 (issued Jun. 19, 2001); U.S. Pat. No. 6,465,464 (issued Oct. 15, 2002).
Tonicity-adjusting agents can be included in the aqueous topical compositions of the invention. Examples of suitable tonicity-adjusting agents include, but are not limited to, sodium chloride, potassium chloride, mannitol, dextrose, glycerin, and propylene glycol. The amount of the tonicity agent can vary widely depending on the composition's desired properties. In one embodiment, the tonicity-adjusting agent is present in the aqueous topical composition in an amount of from about 0.5 to about 0.9 weight percent of the composition.
Preferably, the aqueous topical compositions of the invention have a viscosity in the range of from about 15 cps to about 25 cps. The viscosity of aqueous solutions of the invention can be adjusted by adding viscosity adjusting agents, for example, but not limited to, polyvinyl alcohol, povidone, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, poloxamers, carboxymethyl cellulose, or hydroxyethyl cellulose.
In a preferred embodiment, the aqueous topical composition of the invention is isotonic saline comprising a preservative, such as benzalkonium chloride or chlorine dioxide, a viscosity-adjusting agent, such as polyvinyl alcohol, and a buffer system such as sodium citrate and citric acid.
Excipients
The topical compositions of the invention can comprise pharmaceutically acceptable excipients such as those listed in REMINGTON : T HE S CIENCE AND P RACTICE OF P HARMACY 866-885(Alfonso R. Gennaro ed. 19th ed. 1995; Ghosh, T. K.; et al. T RANSDERMAL AND T OPICAL D RUG D ELIVERY S YSTEMS (1997), including, but not limited to, protectives, adsorbents, demulcents, emollients, preservatives, antioxidants, moisturizers, buffering agents, solubilizing agents, skin-penetration agents, and surfactants.
Suitable protectives and adsorbents include, but are not limited to, dusting powders, zinc stearate, collodion, dimethicone, silicones, zinc carbonate, aloe vera gel and other aloe products, vitamin E oil, allatoin, glycerin, petrolatum, and zinc oxide.
Suitable demulcents include, but are not limited to, benzoin, hydroxypropyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose, and polyvinyl alcohol.
Suitable emollients include, but are not limited to, animal and vegetable fats and oils, myristyl alcohol, alum, and aluminum acetate.
Suitable preservatives include, but are not limited to, quaternary ammonium compounds, such as benzalkonium chloride, benzethonium chloride, cetrimide, dequalinium chloride, and cetylpyridinium chloride; mercurial agents, such as phenylmercuric nitrate, phenylmercuric acetate, and thimerosal; alcoholic agents, for example, chlorobutanol, phenylethyl alcohol, and benzyl alcohol; antibacterial esters, for example, esters of parahydroxybenzoic acid; and other anti-microbial agents such as chlorhexidine, chlorocresol, benzoic acid and polymyxin.
Chlorine dioxide (ClO 2 ), preferably, stabilized chlorine dioxide, is a preferred preservative for use with topical compositions of the invention. The term “stabilized chlorine dioxide” is well known in the industry and by those skilled in the art. Stabilized chlorine dioxide includes one or more chlorine dioxide precursors such as one or more chlorine dioxide-containing complexes and/or one or more chlorite-containing components and/or one or more other entities capable of decomposing or being decomposed in an aqueous medium to form chlorine dioxide. U.S. Pat. No. 5,424,078 (issued Jun. 13, 1995) discloses a form of stabilized chlorine dioxide and a method for producing same, which can be used as a preservative for aqueous ophthalmic solutions and is useful in topical compositions of the invention. The manufacture or production of certain stabilized chlorine dioxide products is described in U.S. Pat. No. 3,278,447. A commercially available stabilized chlorine dioxide which can be utilized in the practice of the present invention is the proprietary stabilized chlorine dioxide of BioCide International, Inc. of Norman, Okla., sold under the trademark Purogene™ or Purite™ Other suitable stabilized chlorine dioxide products include that sold under the trademark DuraKlor by Rio Linda Chemical Company, Inc., and that sold under the trademark Antheium Dioxide by International Dioxide, Inc.
Suitable antioxidants include, but are not limited to, ascorbic acid and its esters, sodium bisulfite, butylated hydroxytoluene, butylated hydroxyanisole, tocopherols, and chelating agents like EDTA and citric acid.
Suitable moisturizers include, but are not limited to, glycerin, sorbitol, polyethylene glycols, urea, and propylene glycol.
Suitable buffering agents for use with the invention include, but are not limited to, acetate buffers, citrate buffers, phosphate buffers, lactic acid buffers, and borate buffers.
Suitable solubilizing agents include, but are not limited to, quaternary ammonium chlorides, cyclodextrins, benzyl benzoate, lecithin, and polysorbates.
Suitable skin-penetration agents include, but are not limited to, ethyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, octylphenylpolyethylene glycol, oleic acid, polyethylene glycol 400, propylene glycol, N-decylmethylsulfoxide, fatty acid esters (e.g., isopropyl myristate, methyl laurate, glycerol monooleate, and propylene glycol monooleate); and N-methyl pyrrolidone.
Additional Pharmaceutical Actives
In one embodiment, the only two pharmaceutically active ingredients in the composition are brimonidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and oxymetazoline or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof.
In another embodiment, one or more additional pharmaceutically active ingredients are included in the composition containing brimonidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof and oxymetazoline or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof. Additional active ingredients may include any pharmaceutically active ingredient.
Additional pharmaceutically active ingredients include, but are not limited to, topical corticosteroids and other anti-inflammatory agents, such as betamethasone, diflorasone, amcinonide, fluocinolone, mometasone, hydrocortisone, prednisone, and triamcinolone; local anesthetics and analgesics, such as camphor, menthol, lidocaine, and dibucaine, and pramoxine; antifungals, such as ciclopirox, chloroxylenol, triacetin, sulconazole, nystatin, undecylenic acid, tolnaftate, miconizole, clotrimazole, oxiconazole, griseofulvin, econazole, ketoconozole, and amphotericin B; antibiotics and anti-infectives, such as mupirocin, erythromycin, clindamycin, gentamicin, polymyxin, bacitracin, and silver sulfadiazine; and antiseptics, such as iodine, povidine-iodine, benzalkonium chloride, benzoic acid, chlorhexidine, nitrofurazine, benzoyl peroxide, hydrogen peroxide, hexachlorophene, phenol, resorcinol, and cetylpyridinium chloride.
Use of Topical Compositions of the Invention in Combination with Other Skin-Disorder Treatments
The compositions of the invention can be used alone or in combination with other treatments and medications to provide more effective treatment or prevention of dermatological conditions and symptoms associated therewith. In a preferred embodiment, the topical compositions of the invention are used in combination with treatment regimens and medications well known for treatment of dermatologic disorders, such as those disclosed in T HE M ERCK M ANUAL 811-830 (Keryn A. G. Lane et al. eds. 17 th ed. 2001).
Using a composition or compound of the invention in combination with another medicament or treatment means administering a compound of the invention and the other medicament or treatment to a subject in a sequence and within a time interval such that they can act together to treat or prevent dermatological conditions and symptoms associated therewith. For example, the compounds of the invention can be administered at the same time as the other medicament in the same or separate compositions or at different times.
Any suitable route of administration can be employed to deliver the additional treatment or medication including, but not limited to, oral, intraoral, rectal, parenteral, topical, epicutaneous, transdermal, subcutaneous, intramuscular, intranasal, sublingual, buccal, intradural, intraocular, intrarespiratory, or nasal inhalation. Thus, the compositions of the invention can be administered together or at separate times with other medications or treatments.
In one embodiment, the topical compositions of the invention are used in combination with systemic administration of antibiotics or retinoids including, but not limited to, orally dosed antibiotics, such as tetracycline, minocin, minocycline, erythromycin, and doxycycline, and orally dosed retinoids such as isotretinoins (e.g., Accutane or Roaccutance).
In another embodiment, the topical compositions of the invention are used in combination with other topical treatments including, but not limited to, topical compositions consisting of metronidizole, hydrogen peroxide, benzoyl peroxide, lipoic acid, and azelaic acid, and sulfur preparations; topically dosed antibiotics, such as metronidazole, clindamycin, and erythromycin; topical retinoids such as tretinoin, adapalene, tazarotene; or topical steroids.
In another embodiment, the topical compositions of the invention are used in combination with mixed light pulse therapy (photoderm), pulsed dye laser treatment, or electrosurgery.
Dosage
Dosages, dosing frequency, and an effective amount of the compounds of the invention can be determined by a trained medical professional depending on the activity of the compounds of the invention, the characteristics of the particular topical composition, and the identity and severity of the dermatologic disorder being treated.
In general, brimonidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is present in a composition of the invention in a minimum amount of about 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.15%, 0.2%, 0.25%, 0.3%, 0.35%, 0.4%, or 0.5% based upon the total weight of the composition. Generally, brimonidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is present in a composition of the invention in a maximum amount of about 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, or 5% based upon the total weight of the composition. Particularly preferred dosages of brimonidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof are 0.07%, 0.18%, and 0.5%.
In general, oxymetazoline or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is present in a composition of the invention in a minimum amount of about 0.01%, 0.05%, 0.1%, 0.15%, 0.2%, 0.25%, 0.3%, 0.35%, 0.4%, or 0.5% based upon the total weight of the composition. Preferably, oxymetazoline or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof is present in a composition of the invention in a maximum amount of about 0.5%, 0.6%, 0.7%, 0.8%, 0.9%, 1%, 2%, 3%, 4%, or 5% based upon the total weight of the composition.
It is to be understood that the present invention contemplates embodiments in which each minima is combined with maxima to create all feasible ranges. For example, either (1) brimonidine or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof or (2) oxymetazoline or a pharmaceutically acceptable salt thereof may be present in a composition of the invention in an amount of from about 0.01 percent to about 5 percent based upon the total weight of the composition, preferably, from about 0.1 percent to about 1 percent based upon the total weight of the composition, or more preferably, from about 0.1 percent to about 0.5 percent based upon the total weight of the composition.
In a preferred embodiment, the pharmaceutical composition is delivered topically to the affected area of the skin. The pharmaceutical compositions of the invention are topically applied directly to the affected area of skin in any conventional manner well known in the art. For example, the compositions are applied by cotton swab or applicator stick, or by simply spreading a composition of the invention onto the affected area with fingers. Generally the amount of a topical composition of the invention applied to the affected skin area ranges from about 0.0001 g/cm 2 of skin surface area to about 0.01 g/cm 2 , preferably, 0.001 g/cm 2 to about 0.003 g/cm 2 of skin surface area. Typically, one to four applications per day are recommended during the term of treatment.
EXAMPLES
Example 1
Gel Composition












Ingredient
Weight Percent





Brimonidine tartrate
0.18%


Oxymetazoline hydrochloride
0.2%


Carbomer 934P
1.25%


Methylparaben
0.3%


Phenoxyethanol
0.4%


Glycerin
5.5%


10% Titanium dioxide
0.625%


Propylene glycol
5.5%


10% NaOH Solution
6.5%


DI Water
QS


TOTAL
100%



























Example 2
Cream Composition












Ingredient
Weight Percent





Brimonidine tartrate
0.5%


Oxymetazoline hydrochloride
0.5%


Phenoxyethanol
0.8%


Methylparaben
0.2%


Propylparaben
0.05%


Disodium EDTA
0.01%


Butylated Hydroxytoluene
0.05%


PEG-300
4.0%


PEG-6 Stearate (and) Glycol
7.5%


Stearate (and) PEG-32 Stearate


Cetostearyl alcohol
4.0%


Caprylic capric triglycerides
7.0%


Diisopropyl adipate
7.0%


Oleyl alcohol
7.0%


Lanolin USP
2.0%


Ceteareth-6 (and) Stearyl
2.0%


Alcohol


Ceteareth-25
2.0%


Tartaric Acid
0.001%


DI Water
55.389%


TOTAL
100%





































Example 3
Ointment Composition












Ingredient
Weight Percent





Brimonidine tartrate
5.0%


Oxymetazoline hydrochloride
5.0%


Cholesterol
3.0%


Stearyl Alcohol
3.0%


White Wax
8.0%


White Petroleum
76.0%


TOTAL
100%























Example 4
Aqueous Solution
An aqueous solution of the invention includes brimonidine tartrate (0.07 wt %); oxymetazoline hydrochloride (0.07 wt %); Purite® (0.005%) (stabilized chlorine dioxide) as a preservative; and the inactive ingredients: boric acid; calcium chloride; magnesium chloride; potassium chloride; purified water; sodium borate; sodium carboxymethylcellulose; sodium chloride; with hydrochloric acid and/or sodium hydroxide to adjust the pH to 5.6 to 6.6. The osmolality is in the range of 250-350 mOsmol/kg.
Thus, while there have been described what are presently believed to be preferred embodiments of the invention, those skilled in the art will realize that changes and modifications may be made thereto without departing from the spirit of the invention, and it is intended to claim all such changes and modifications as fall within the true scope of the invention.