(en)The present invention relates to compositions containing fat-soluble active ingredients and/or colorants in a matrix based on improved modified polysaccharides, i.e. modified polysaccharides where parts were separated, and to a process for preparing these compositions as well as to these improved modified polysaccharides themselves and a process for the manufacture thereof.
The present invention further relates to the use of the compositions of this invention for the to enrichment, fortification and/or for the coloration of food, beverages, animal feed, cosmetics and pharmaceutical compositions and to such food, beverages, animal feed, cosmetics and pharmaceutical compositions themselves.

1.ApplicationNumber: US-201213453098-A
1.PublishNumber: US-2012230928-A1
2.Date Publish: 20120913
3.Inventor: SCHAFFNER DAVID
SCHAEFER CHRISTIAN
SCHLEGEL BERND

4.Inventor Harmonized: SCHAFFNER DAVID(CH)
SCHAEFER CHRISTIAN(DE)
SCHLEGEL BERND(DE)

5.Country: US
6.Claims:
(en)The present invention relates to compositions containing fat-soluble active ingredients and/or colorants in a matrix based on improved modified polysaccharides, i.e. modified polysaccharides where parts were separated, and to a process for preparing these compositions as well as to these improved modified polysaccharides themselves and a process for the manufacture thereof.
The present invention further relates to the use of the compositions of this invention for the to enrichment, fortification and/or for the coloration of food, beverages, animal feed, cosmetics and pharmaceutical compositions and to such food, beverages, animal feed, cosmetics and pharmaceutical compositions themselves.

7.Description:
(en)This application is a divisional of application Ser. No. 12/162,699 filed Nov. 18, 2008, which in turn is the U.S. national phase of International Application No. PCT/EP2007/001015, filed 6 Feb. 2007, which designated the U.S. and claims priority to Europe Application No(s). 06002418.9, 06002419.7, 06002421.3 and 06002420.5, all filed 6 Feb. 2006, the entire contents of each of which are hereby incorporated by reference.


The present invention relates to improved modified polysaccharides, especially to improved OSA-starches, a process for the manufacture thereof, as well as to compositions containing active ingredients, preferably fat-soluble active ingredients, and/or colorants in a matrix based on these improved modified polysaccharides, especially based on these improved OSA-starches and to a process for preparing these compositions.
The present invention further relates to the use of the compositions of this invention for the enrichment, fortification and/or for the coloration of food, beverages, animal feed, cosmetics or pharmaceutical compositions.
More particularly, the present invention relates to compositions comprising an improved modified polysaccharide, especially an improved OSA-starch and a fat soluble active ingredient and/or a colorant, especially a carotenoid, to a process for preparing these compositions and the use of these compositions as additives for the enrichment, fortification and/or for the coloration of food, beverages (preferred), animal feed, cosmetics or pharmaceutical compositions; and to food, beverages (preferred), animal feed, cosmetics or pharmaceutical compositions containing such compositions.
If modified polysaccharides as known in the prior art are used as matrix for compositions containing (fat-soluble) active ingredients and/or colorants, the physical parameters of such obtained compositions often differ due to quality differences in the modified polysaccharides. Therefore, a need exists for compositions, wherein the quality of the modified polysaccharide is standardized or even improved.
This need is fulfilled by compositions comprising
i) at least an improved modified polysaccharide, preferably obtainable by the process of the present invention as described below,

ii) at least a fat-soluble active ingredient, and/or a colorant, and

iii) optionally at least an adjuvant and/or an excipient.

Such compositions are used for the enrichment, fortification and/or coloration of food, beverage, animal feed, cosmetics or pharmaceutical compositions; said use being a further aspect of the invention. Moreover, the invention is related to food, beverage, animal feed, cosmetics or pharmaceutical compositions containing such compositions.



BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
The invention is further described with reference to the appended drawings in which:
FIG. 1 is a flow chart illustrating an embodiment of the invention;
FIG. 2 is a graph showing the viscosity of the filtered starch solution;



Table 5 sets out the results of Examples 11-14;
Table 6 sets out the results of Example 15;
Table 7 sets out the results of Examples 18 and
Table 8 sets out the results of Examples 22-24.
The components i) to iii) are in more detail described in the following.
Component i)
A modified polysaccharide is a polysaccharide that has been chemically modified by known methods to have a chemical structure which provides it with a hydrophilic and a lipophilic portion. Preferably the modified polysaccharide has a long hydrocarbon chain as part of its structure (preferably C5-C18).
At least one modified polysaccharide is preferably used to make a composition of this invention, but it is possible to use a mixture of two or more different modified polysaccharides in one composition.
A preferred modified polysaccharide is a modified starch. Starches are hydrophilic and therefore do not have emulsifying capacities. However, modified starches are made from starches substituted by known chemical methods with hydrophobic moieties. For example starch may be treated with cyclic dicarboxylic acid anhydrides such as succinic anhydrides, substituted with a hydrocarbon chain (see O. B. Wurzburg (editor), “Modified Starches: Properties and Uses, CRC Press, Inc. Boca Raton, Fla., 1986 (and subsequent editions). A particularly preferred modified starch of this invention has the following formula (I)









wherein St is a starch, R is an alkylene radical and R′ is a hydrophobic group. Preferably R is a lower alkylene radical such as dimethylene or trimethylene. R′ may be an alkyl or alkenyl group, preferably having 5 to 18 carbon atoms. A preferred compound of formula (I) is an “OSA-starch” (starch sodium octenyl succinate). The degree of substitution, i.e. the number of esterified hydroxyl groups to the number of free non-esterified hydroxyl groups usually varies in a range of from 0.1% to 10%, preferably in a range of from 0.5% to 4%, more preferably in a range of from 3% to 4%.
The term “OSA-starch” denotes any starch (from any natural source such as corn, waxy maize, waxy corn, wheat, tapioca and potato or synthesized) that was treated with octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA). The degree of substitution, i.e. the number of hydroxyl groups esterified with OSA to the number of free non-esterified hydroxyl groups usually varies in a range of from 0.1% to 10%, preferably in a range of from 0.5% to 4%, more preferably in a range of from 3% to 4%. OSA-starches are also known under the expression “modified food starch”.
These OSA-starches may contain further hydrocolloids, such as starch, maltodextrin, carbohydrates, gum, corn syrup etc. and optionally any typical emulsifier (as co-emulgator), such as mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids, polyglycerol esters of fatty acids, lecithins, sorbitan monostearate, and plant fibre or sugar.
The term “OSA-starches” encompasses also such starches that are commercially available to e.g. from National Starch under the tradenames HiCap 100, Capsul, Capsul HS, Purity Gum 2000, UNI-PURE, HYLON VII; from Roquette Freres; from CereStar under the tradename C*EmCap or from Tate & Lyle. These commercially available starches are also suitable starting materials for the improved OSA-starches of the present invention.
The terms “modified polysaccharides”, “modified starches” and “OSA-starches” encompass further also modified polysaccharides/modified starches/OSA-starches that were partly hydrolysed enzymatically, e.g. by glycosylases (EC 3.2; see http://www.chem.qmul.ac.uk/iubmb/enzyme/EC3.2/) or hydrolases, as well as to modified polysaccharides/modified starches/OSA-starches that were partly hydrolysed chemically by know methods. The terms “modified polysaccharides”, “modified starches” and “OSAstarches” encompass also modified polysaccharides/modified starches/OSA-starches that were first partly hydrolysed enzymatically and afterwards additionally hydrolysed chemically. Alternatively it may also be possible to first hydrolyse starch (either enzymatically or chemically or both) and then to treat this partly hydrolysed starch with cyclic dicarboxylic acid anhydrides such as succinic anhydrides, substituted with a hydrocarbon chain, preferably to treat it with octenyl succinic anhydride.
The enzymatical hydrolysis is conventionally carried out at a temperature of from about 5 to about <100° C., preferably at a temperature of from about 5 to about 70° C., more preferably at a temperature of from about 20 to about 55° C.
The glycosylases/hydrolases can be from fruit, animal origin, bacteria or fungi. The glycolase/hydrolase may have endo-activity and/or exo-activity. Therefore, enzyme preparations of endo- and exo-glycosylases/-hydrolases or any of their mixtures may be used. Usually the glycosylases/hydrolases show also unknown side activities, but which are not critical for the manufacture of the desired product.
Examples of glycosylases are the commercially available enzyme preparations from the suppliers Novozymes, Genencor, AB-Enzymes, DSM Food Specialities, Amano, etc.
Preferably the hydrolases are α-amylases, glucoamylases, β-amylases or debranching enzymes such as isoamylases and pullulanases.
The glycosylase/hydrolase is added to provide a concentration of from about 0.01 to about 10 weight-%, preferably of from about 0.1 to about 1 weight-%, based on the dry weight of the modified polysaccharide/modified starch/OSA-starch. In a preferred embodiment of the process of the invention, the enzyme is added at once. The enzymatic hydrolysis may also be carried out stepwise. For instance, the glycosylase/hydrolase or a mixture of glycosylases/hydrolases is added to the incubation batch in an amount of e.g. 1% whereupon, e.g. after 5 to 10 minutes (at a temperature of 35° C.) further glycosylase/hydrolase or a mixture of glycosylases/hydrolases which may by the same or different from the first added glycosylase/hydrolase or mixture of glycosylases/hydrolases is added, e.g. in an amount of 2% whereupon the incubation batch is hydrolysed at 35° C. for 10 minutes. Using this procedure, starting modified polysaccharides/modified starches/OSA-starches having a degree of hydrolysis of approximately zero can be used.
The duration of hydrolysis may vary between about a few seconds and about 300 minutes. The exact duration of the enzymatic treatment may be determined in an empirical way with respect to the desired properties of the modified polysaccharide/modified starch/OSA-starch, such as emulsifying stability, emulsifying capacity, droplet size of the emulsion, depending strongly on parameters like enzyme activities, or composition of the substrate. Alternatively it may be determined by measuring the osmolality (W. Dzwokak and S. Ziajka, Journal of food science, 1999, 64 (3) 393-395).
The inactivation of the glycosylase/hydrolase is suitably achieved by heat denaturation, e.g. by heating of the incubation batch to about 80 to 85° C. for 5 to 30 minutes, especially for 5 to 10 minutes.
The term “improved modified polysaccharides” refers to modified polysaccharides, where parts have been separated. Preferred are “improved modified starches”. Especially preferred are “improved OSA-starches”.
In the case of separation by sedimentation (=centrifugation) and/or microfiltration the parts non soluble at atmospheric pressure in water of a temperature in the range of from 1 to <100° C. (e.g. from 1 to 98° C.), preferably in the range of from 30 to 75° C., are separated.
In the case of separation by ultrafiltration parts are separated especially at a temperature in the range of from 1 to <100° C. (e.g. from 1 to 98° C.). These parts are not separated according to their solubility but according to their nominal molecular weight cut-off which varies preferably in the range of from 150 Da to 500 KDa, more preferably in the range of from 1 kDa to 200 kDa, most preferably in the range of from 10 kDa to 100 kDa. The trans membrane pressure (TMP) during the ultrafiltration lies preferably in the range of from 0.5 to 3 bar, more preferably in the range of from 0.8 to 2 bar, most preferably in the range of from 0.8 to 1 bar. Small particles are separated off; the parts remaining on the membrane are then further used.
In a preferred embodiment of the present invention the term “improved modified polysaccharides” (preferably “improved modified starches”, more preferably “improved OSAstarches”) refers to modified polysaccharides (preferably to modified starches, more preferably to OSA-starches), where the turbidity of 10% aqueous solutions of said modified polysaccharides (preferably of said modified starches, more preferably of said OSA-starches) is in the range of from 1-200 NTU, preferably in the range of from 1-150 NTU, more preferably in the range of from 1-110 NTU, even more preferably in the range of from 1-100 NTU, most preferably <100 NTU. Such modified polysaccharides/modified starches/OSA-starches with the given turbidity are also “improved” modified polysaccharides/improved modified starches/improved OSA-starches in the context of the present invention and may be obtained by separating parts non soluble at atmospheric pressure in water of a temperature in the range of from 1 to <100° C. (e.g. from 1 to 98° C.) by centrifugation.
The turbidity of said aqueous solutions is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 455 nm using a HACH 2100 AN Turbidimeter according to USEPA Method 180.1 at room temperature and at atmospheric pressure. The turbidity is then expressed in nephelometric turbidity units (NTU).
Component ii)
The term “active ingredients” as used herein encompasses “fat-soluble active ingredients” as well as “water-soluble active ingredients”. Preferred are “fat-soluble active ingredients”.
The term “fat-soluble active ingredient” as used herein encompasses fat soluble vitamins and functionally related compounds which can be used for enrichment or fortification of food, beverages, animal feed, cosmetics or pharmaceutical compositions.
Examples of such fat soluble vitamins are the vitamins of the groups A, D, E or K or derivatives thereof such as their acetates, e.g. vitamin A acetate or tocopherol acetate, or their longer chain fatty acid esters, e.g. vitamin A palmitate or tocopherol palmitate.
Examples of functionally related compounds are e.g. polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs) or derivatives thereof, triglycerides rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids such as eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) or γ-linolenic acid (GLA), or coenzyme Q 10 (CoQ 10). Also included are fat soluble sun filters, such as UV-A and UV-B filters used in sun care and cosmetic preparations.
The term “colorant” as used herein comprises a carotene or structurally related polyene compound which can be used as a colorant for food, beverages, animal feed, cosmetics or pharmaceutical compositions.
Examples of such carotenes or structurally related polyene compounds are carotenoids such as α-carotene, β-carotene, 8′-apo-β-carotenal, 8′-apo-β-carotenoic acid esters such as the ethyl ester, canthaxanthin, astaxanthin, astaxanthin ester, lycopene, lutein, lutein (di)ester, zeaxanthin or crocetin, α- or β-zeacarotene or mixtures thereof. The preferred carotenoid is β-carotene.
Therefore, a preferred aspect of the invention deals with compositions containing at least an improved modified polysaccharide (preferably an improved modified starch, more preferably an improved OSA-starch) and β-carotene as colorant. These compositions, when dissolved, dispersed or diluted in/with water to a final β-carotene concentration of 10 ppm are typically characterised by ultraviolet/visible-spectroscopy using deionised water as reference. At a sample thickness of 1 cm the dispersions show an extinction of at least 0.2 (preferably above 1.0) absorbance units at the wavelength of maximum optical density in the range of 400 to 600 nm. This is equivalent to a formal extinction coefficient of β-carotene in aqueous dispersion E(1%, 1 cm) of 200 to 1000 (preferably >1000).
The measuring of E1/1 is explicitly described in example 40.
It is understood that the above named substances of the categories “fat-soluble active ingredient” and “colorant” can also be used as mixtures within the compositions of the present invention.
In a preferred embodiment the amount of the improved modified polysaccharide i) is in the range of from 10 to 99.9 weight-% (preferably in the range of from 20 to 80 weight-%, more preferably in the range of from 40 to 60 weight-%), the amount of the (fat-soluble) active ingredient and/or colorant ii) is in the range of from 0.1 to 90 weight-% (preferably in the range of from 5 to 20 weight-%), and the amount of the adjuvant and/or excipient iii) is in the range of from 0 to 50 weight-%, based on the total amount of the composition.
Component iii)
Suitably, the compositions of the present invention (further) contain one or more excipients and/or adjuvants selected from the group consisting of monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides, glycerol, triglycerides (different from the triglycerides rich in polyunsaturated fatty acids mentioned above), water-soluble antioxidants and fat-soluble antioxidants.
Examples of mono- and disaccharides which may be present in the compositions of the present invention are sucrose, invert sugar, xylose glucose, fructose, lactose, maltose, saccharose and sugar alcohols.
Examples of the oligo- and polysaccharides are starch, starch hydrolysates, e.g. dextrins and maltodextrins, especially those having the range of 5 to 65 dextrose equivalents (DE), and glucose syrup, especially such having the range of 20 to 95 DE. The term “dextrose equivalent” (DE) denotes the degree of hydrolysis and is a measure of the amount of reducing sugar calculated as D-glucose based on dry weight; the scale is based on native starch having a DE close to 0 and glucose having a DE of 100.
The triglyceride is suitably a vegetable oil or fat, preferably corn oil, sunflower oil, soybean oil, safflower oil, rapeseed oil, peanut oil, palm oil, palm kernel oil, cotton seed oil, olive oil or coconut oil.
Solid compositions may in addition contain an anti-caking agent, such as silicic acid or tricalcium phosphate and the like, and up to 10 weight-%, as a rule 2 to 5 weight-%, of water, based on the total weight of the solid composition.
The water-soluble antioxidant may be for example ascorbic acid or a salt thereof, preferably sodium ascorbate, watersoluble polyphenols such as hydroxytyrosol and oleuropein aglycon, epigallocatechingallate (EGCG) or extracts of rosemary or olives.
The fat-soluble antioxidant may be for example a tocopherol, e.g. dl-α-tocopherol (i.e. synthetic tocopherol), d-α-tocopherol (i.e. natural tocopherol), β- or γ-tocopherol, or a mixture of two or more of these; butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT); butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA); ethoxyquin, propyl gallate; tert. butyl hydroxyquinoline; or 6-ethoxy-1,2-dihydroxy-2,2,4-trimethylquinoline (EMQ), or an ascorbic acid ester of a fatty acid, preferably ascorbyl palmitate or stearate.
Depending on the pH of the aqueous matrix solution the ascorbic acid ester of a fatty acid, particularly ascorbyl palmitate or stearate, may alternatively be added to the water phase.
The compositions of the present invention may be solid compositions, i.e. stable, water-soluble or -dispersible powders, or they may be liquid compositions, i.e. aqueous colloidal solutions or oil-in-water dispersions of the aforementioned powders. The stabilised oil-in-water dispersions, which may be oil-in-water emulsions or may feature a mixture of suspended, i.e. solid, particles and emulsified, i.e. liquid, droplets, may be prepared by the methods described below or by an analogous manner.
More specifically, the present invention is concerned with stable compositions in powder form comprising one or more (fat-soluble) active ingredients and/or one or more colorants in a matrix of an improved modified polysaccharide composition.
Typically, a powder composition according to the present invention comprises








Ingredient
Amount



an improved modified poly-
10 to 99.9 weight-%, preferably 20 to

saccharide
80 weight-%, more preferably 40 to


60 weight-%

if the fat-soluble active ingredient
10 to 99.9 weight-%, preferably 20 to

is a carotenoid such
80 weight-%, more preferably

as β-carotene the right-
50 to 70 weight-%

handed amounts apply

a fat soluble active ingredient
0.1 to 90 weight-%, preferably 0.5

and/or a colorant
to 60 weight-%

if the fat-soluble active ingredient
0.01 to 50 weight-%, preferably 0.1

is a carotenoid such
to 50 weight-%, more preferably

as β-carotene the right-
0.5 to 30 weight-%

handed amounts apply

a mono- or disaccharide
0 to 70 weight-%, preferably 0 to 40


weight-%

a starch hydrolysate
0 to 70 weight-%, preferably 0 to 40


weight-%

glycerol
0 to 20 weight-%, preferably 0 to 10


weight-%

a triglyceride
0 to 50 weight-%, preferably 0 to 30


weight-%

one or more water-soluble
0 to 5 weight-%, preferably 0 to 2

antioxidant(s)
weight-%

one or more fat-soluble anti-
0 to 7 weight-%, 0 to 5 weight-%,

oxidant(s)
preferably 0 to 2 weight-%

a starch
0 to 50 weight-%, preferably 0 to 35


weight-%

anti-caking agent
0 to 5 weight-%, preferably 1


weight-%, preferably 0.5 to 2


weight-%

water
0 to 10 weight-%, preferably 1 to 5


weight-%















































In still another aspect of the invention, the compositions according to the invention may additionally contain proteins (of plant or animal origin) or hydrolysed proteins that act as protective colloids, e.g. proteins from soy, rice (endosperm) or lupin, or hydrolysed proteins from soy, rice (endosperm) or lupin, as well as plant gums (such as Gum Acacia or Gum arabic) or modified plant gums. Such additional proteins or plant gums may be present in the formulations of the invention in an amount of from 1 to 50 weight-% based on the total amount of the improved modified polysaccharide in the formulation/composition.
Manufacture of Component i), the Improved Modified Polysaccharide
The improved modified polysaccharide/improved modified starch/improved OSA-starch can be manufactured by a process comprising the following steps:
a) preparing an aqueous solution or suspension of a modified polysaccharide/modified starch/OSA-starch, preferably having a dry mass content in the range of from 0.5 to 80 weight-%, based on the total weight of the aqueous solution or suspension, whereby the temperature of the water is preferably in the range of from 1 to <100° C.;

b) separating parts of the modified polysaccharide/modified starch/OSA-starch, preferably at atmospheric pressure in water of a temperature in the range of from 1 to <100° C.;

In case of separation by sedimentation (centrifugation) or microfiltration the parts to be separated are especially those parts that are not soluble at atmospheric pressure in water of a temperature in the range of from 1 to <100° C.
In the case of separation by ultrafiltration parts are preferably separated having a nominal molecular weight cut-off which varies preferably in the range of from 150 Da to 500 KDa, more preferably in the range of from 1 kDa to 200 kDa, most preferably in the range of from 10 kDa to 100 kDa.
c) optionally converting the thus obtained improved modified polysaccharide/improved modified starch/improved OSA-starch into a solid form.
Details of this process are discussed in the following.
Step a)
In step a) preferably an aqueous solution or suspension of a modified polysaccharide (with the definition and the preferences as described above under the chapter component i)) having a dry mass content in the range of from 0.1 to 80 weight-%, preferably in the range of from 0.5 to 80 weight-%, is prepared when step b) is performed by sedimentation/centrifugation and/or microfiltration. When step b) is performed by ultrafiltration preferably an aqueous solution or suspension of a modified polysaccharide (with the definition and the preferences as described above under the chapter component i)) having a dry mass content in the range of from 0.1 to 60 weight-% is prepared.
It is also possible to use mixtures of modified polysaccharides, especially mixtures of OSA-starches. The weight-ratios of a mixture of two different OSA-starches may vary in a range of from 1:99 to 99:1. Preferably a mixture of HiCap 100 and Capsul HS is used. More preferably a mixture of 50 to 80 weight-% of HiCap 100 and 20 to 50 weight-% of Capsul HS is used. Most preferably a mixture of 50 weight-% of HiCap 100 and 50 weight-% of Capsul HS is used.
In a further preferred embodiment of the invention the water has a temperature in the range of from 30 to 75° C.
Step b)
Step b) is preferably carried out at a temperature in the range of from 1 to <100° C. (e.g. from 1 to 98° C.), more preferably at a temperature in the range of from 30 to 75° C.
Step b) may be carried out by sedimentation (preferably by centrifugation) or filtration (preferably by microfiltration, especially by crossflow microfiltration, or ultrafiltration) or by both.
The sedimentation is a method which separates according to the density.
The (micro-)filtration is a method that separates according to the particle size.
By an ultrafiltration low molecular weight fractions are separated. The remaining part of the ultrafiltration to work further with is the retentate, i.e. the part that remains on the filter. The ultrafiltration is a method that separates according to the particle size and the molecular weight. In the case of separation by ultrafiltration parts are separated especially at a temperature in the range of from 1 to <100° C. (e.g. from 1 to 98° C.). These parts are not separated according to their solubility but according to their nominal molecular weight cut-off which varies preferably in the range of from 150 Da to 500 KDa, more preferably in the range of from 1 kDa to 200 kDa, most preferably in the range of from 10 kDa to 100 kDa. The trans membrane pressure (TMP) during the ultrafiltration lies preferably in the range of from 0.5 to 3 bar, more preferably in the range of from 0.8 to 2 bar, most preferably in the range of from 0.8 to 1 bar. Small particles are separated off; the parts remaining on the membrane are then further used.
If both (sedimentation/centrifugation and filtration) are carried out, usually the sedimentation/centrifugation is first carried out followed by the filtration, i.e. in a preferred embodiment of the present invention a centrifugation is first carried out followed by either an ultrafiltration or a microfiltration.
In an alternative preferred embodiment step b) may be carried out by filtration (preferably by microfiltration, especially by crossflow microfiltration) alone.
The centrifugation may be carried out at 1000 to 20000 g depending on the dry mass content of the modified polysaccharide in the aqueous solution or suspension. If the dry mass content of the modified polysaccharide in the aqueous solution or suspension is high, the applied centrifugation force is also high. For example for an aqueous solution or suspension with a dry mass content of the modified polysaccharide of 30 weight-% a centrifugation force of 12000 g may be suitable to achieve the desired separation.
The centrifugation may be carried out at dry matter contents in the range of from 0.1-60 weight %, preferably in the range of from 10-50 weight-%, most preferably in the range of from 15-40 weight-% at temperatures in the range of from 2-99° C., preferably in the range of from 10-75° C., most preferably in the range of from 40-60° C.
Microfiltration in the context of the present invention means that particles that have a size greater than 0.05 μM to 10 μm, especially that particles that have a size greater than 1 μM to 5 μM are separated. These separated parts form the so-called retentate of the microfiltration.
The microfiltration may be performed with hydrophilic membranes such as ceramic membranes (e.g. commercially available from Tami under the name “Ceram inside”) or with membranes of regenerated cellulose (e.g. commercially available from Sartorius under the name “Hydrosart”) or a porous steel pipe-filter, commercially available from LIGACON W. Röll & CO. AG (Switzerland). These membranes have preferably a pore size in the range of from 0.5 to 5 μm.
In the context of the present invention the parts separated by microfiltration are called the “retentate” whereas the remaining solution without the separated parts is called the “permeate”.
Ultrafiltration in the context of the present invention means that particles that have a nominal molecular weight cut-off which varies preferably in the range of from 150 Da to 500 KDa, more preferably in the range of from 1 kDa to 200 kDa, most preferably in the range of from 10 kDa to 100 kDa, are separated off. These separated parts form the so-called permeate of the ultrafiltration. The membrane used for the ultrafiltration has an influence on the particles separated off. Small” membranes e.g. cut off all particles that have a molecular weight of <10 kDa, i.e. such particles pass the membrane whereas bigger or heavier particles remain on the membrane and are washed off for further use.
The “non-soluble parts” may further be divided in a “solid fraction” and “warm-water soluble parts”. The term “warm-water soluble parts” means parts that are not soluble in water of a temperature in the range of from 1 to 30° C., but in water of a temperature of from >30° C. to <100° C. (e.g. from 31 to 98° C.).
The term “solid fraction” means parts that are not soluble in water of a temperature in the range of from 1 to <100° C. Such solid fraction is, thus, even not soluble in water of a temperature in the range of from 30 to <100° C. (e.g. in the range of from 30 to 98° C.).
The steps a) and b) may be carried out several times subsequently, and at different temperatures. That means also that if a mixture of two different OSA-starches (e.g. a mixture of HiCap 100 and Capsul) is used, that they may be purified separately or jointly. Surprisingly it has been found out that a mixture of two different OSA-starches, where only one OSA-starch has been improved according to the process of the present invention, even leads to better n-carotene compositions and beverages containing them than the use of a mixture of non-improved OSA-starches. The mixture of two different improved OSA-starches (improved according to the process of the present invention) leads even to better β-carotene compositions and beverages containing them than the use of a mixture of two different OSA-starches, where only one OSA-starch has been improved according to the process of the present invention.
In one embodiment of the present invention the aqueous solution or suspension may be prepared with cold water (water of a temperature of from 1 to 30° C.) (step a) and may also be sedimentated (centrifuged) and/or filtered at this temperature (step b).
In another embodiment of the present invention the aqueous solution or suspension may be prepared with warm water (water of a temperature of from >30 to <100° C.) (step a) and may also be sedimentated (centrifuged) and/or filtered at this temperature (step b).
In a further embodiment of the present invention the aqueous solution or suspension may be prepared with warm water (water of a temperature of from >30 to <100° C.) (step a), it may then be cooled down to a temperature of below 30° C., and sedimentated (centrifuged) and/or filtered at this lower temperature (step b).
In a further embodiment of the present invention the pH of the aqueous solution or suspension of the modified polysaccharide is additionally adjusted to a value of from 2 to 5.
Step c)
The conversion into a solid form, e.g. a dry powder, can be achieved by spray drying or freeze-drying. Spray drying is preferably performed at an inlet temperature of 140° C. to 210° C. and at an outlet temperature of 50° C. to 75° C. The freeze-drying is preferably performed at a temperature of from −20° C. to −50° C. for 10 to 48 hours.
The solid form may further be granulated.
Especially the process according to the invention for improving the modified polysaccharide/modified starch/OSA-starch as described above leads to overall improved functional properties of the modified polysaccharide/modified starch/OSA-starch such as better emulsifying properties, generally higher and faster solubility in aqueous solution as well as better cold water solubility, and better film-forming properties.
A further aspect of the invention is, thus, an improved modified polysaccharide/improved modified starch/improved OSA-starch as obtainable by the process according to the invention described above.
FIG. 1 illustrates one embodiment of the present invention whereby the separation is performed by a crossflow microfiltration. Advantageously the membrane is cleaned by a back flow of the permeate in a pulsed mode. Hereby the following abbreviations are used: DP=difference pressure, T=temperature, F=flow, I=indicate, C=control.
Process for the Manufacture of the Compositions According to the Invention
The present invention is further related to a process for the manufacture of such compositions as described above comprising the following steps:
I) preparing an aqueous solution or colloidal solution of a modified polysaccharide/modified starch/OSA-starch at a temperature in the range of from 1 to <100° C.,

II) separating parts (in case of separation by centrifugation and/or microfiltration: non-soluble parts; in case of separation by ultrafiltration: parts, preferably of a nominal molecular weight cut-off which varies preferably in the range of from 150 Da to 500 KDa, more preferably in the range of from 1 kDa to 200 kDa, most preferably in the range of from 10 kDa to 100 kDa) of that aqueous solution or colloidal solution obtained in step I) to obtain an aqueous solution of an improved modified polysaccharide/improved modified starch/improved OSA-starch,

or instead of performing I and II subsequently carrying out step I-II), i.e. preparing an aqueous solution or colloidal solution of an improved modified polysaccharide/improved modified starch/improved OSA-starch, preferably of an improved modified polysaccharide/improved modified starch/improved OSA-starch obtainable by the process of the invention as described above comprising the steps a) to c),

III) optionally adding at least a water-soluble excipient and/or adjuvant to the solution prepared in step I), II) or I-II),

IV) preparing a solution or dispersion of at least an active ingredient, preferably of at least a fat-soluble active ingredient, and/or colorant and optionally at least a fat-soluble adjuvant and/or excipient,

V) mixing the solutions prepared in step II) (or I-II)) to IV) with each other,

VI) homogenising the thus resulting mixture,

VII) optionally converting the dispersion obtained in step VI) into a powder, whereby optionally the parts (in case of centrifugation and/or microfiltraton: especially the non-soluble parts; in case of separation by ultrafiltration: parts, preferably of a nominal molecular weight cut-off which varies preferably in the range of from 150 Da to 500 KDa, more preferably in the range of from 1 kDa to 200 kDa, most preferably in the range of from 10 kDa to 100 kDa) separated in step II) (or step b)) are added partly or completely during or before the conversion, optionally under addition of water, and

VIII) optionally drying the powder obtained in step VII).

This process for the manufacture of the compositions of the present invention can be carried out in an according manner as disclosed for the preparation of matrix-based compositions of (fat-soluble) active ingredient and/or colorant compositions for enrichment, fortification and/or coloration of food, beverages, animal feed, cosmetics or pharmaceutical compositions, e.g. in EP-A 0 285 682, EP-A 0 347 751, EP-A 0 966 889, EP-A 1 066 761, EP-A 1 106 174, WO 98/15195, EP-A 0 937 412, EP-A 0 065 193 or the corresponding U.S. Pat. No. 4,522,743, WO 02/102298, EP-A 1 300 394 and in EP-A 0 347 751, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
Steps I to III encompass the preparation of the matrix, whereby steps V to VI are directed to the preparation of the emulsion.
Steps I and II
These steps may be carried out as described above for steps a) and b). They may also be carried out subsequently several times. The warm-water soluble parts may as well be separated as the solid fraction as well as both. Mixtures of modified polysaccharides, especially of OSA-starches, as already disclosed above for step b) may also be used.
During step I other water-soluble ingredients of the final composition such as water-soluble antioxidants may also be added.
Step III
Examples of water-soluble excipients and/or adjuvants are monosaccharides, disaccharides, oligosaccharides and polysaccharides, glycerol and water-soluble antioxidants. Examples of them are given above.
Other water-soluble ingredients of the final composition such as water-soluble antioxidants may also be added during step III.
Step IV
The (fat-soluble) active ingredient and/or colorant and optional fat-soluble excipients and adjuvents are either used as such or dissolved or suspended in a triglyceride and/or an (organic) solvent.
Suitable organic solvents are halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons, aliphatic ethers, aliphatic and cyclic carbonates, aliphatic esters and cyclic esters (lactones), aliphatic and cyclic ketones, aliphatic alcohols and mixtures thereof.
Examples of halogenated aliphatic hydrocarbons are mono- or polyhalogenated linear, branched or cyclic C 1 - to C 15 -alkanes. Especially preferred examples are mono- or polychlorinated or -brominated linear, branched or cyclic C 1 - to C 15 -alkanes. More preferred are mono- or polychlorinated linear, branched or cyclic C 1 - to C 15 -alkanes. Most preferred are methylene chloride and chloroform.
Examples of aliphatic esters and cyclic esters (lactones) are ethyl acetate, isopropyl acetate and n-butyl acetate; and γ-butyrolactone.
Examples of aliphatic and cyclic ketones are acetone, diethyl ketone and isobutyl methyl ketone; and cyclopentanone and isophorone.
Examples of cyclic carbonates are especially ethylene carbonate and propylene carbonate and mixtures thereof.
Examples of aliphatic ethers are dialkyl ethers, where the alkyl moiety has 1 to 4 carbon atoms. One preferred example is dimethyl ether.
Examples of aliphatic alcohols are ethanol, iso-propanol, propanol and butanol.
Furthermore any oil (triglycerides), orange oil, limonen or the like and water can be used as a solvent.
Step V
The (fat-soluble) active ingredient and/or colorant or the solution or dispersion thereof, respectively, is then added to the aqueous (colloidal) solution with stirring.
Step VI
For the homogenisation conventional technologies, such as high-pressure homogenisation, high shear emulsification (rotor-stator systems), micronisation, wet milling, microchanel emulsification, membrane emulsification or ultrasonification can be applied. Other techniques used for the preparation of compositions containing (fat-soluble) active ingredients and/or colorant for enrichment fortification and/or coloration of food, beverages, animal feed, cosmetics or pharmaceutical compositions are disclosed in EP-A 0 937 412 (especially paragraphs [0008], [0014], [0015], [0022] to [0028]), EP-A 1 008 380 (especially paragraphs [0005], [0007], [0008], [0012], [0022], [0023] to [0039]) and in U.S. Pat. No. 6,093,348 (especially column 2, line 24 to column 3, line 32; column 3, line 48 to 65; column 4, line 53 to column 6, line 60), the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
Step VII
The so-obtained dispersion, which is an oil-in-water dispersion, can be converted after removal of the organic solvent (if present) into a solid composition, e.g. a dry powder, using any conventional technology such as spray drying, spray drying in combination with fluidised bed granulation (the latter technique commonly known as fluidised spray drying or FSD), or by a powder-catch technique whereby sprayed emulsion droplets are caught in a bed of an absorbent, such as starch, and subsequently dried.
Step VIII
Drying may be performed at an inlet-temperature of from 100 to 250° C., preferably of from 150° C. to 200° C., more preferably of from 160 to 190° C., and/or at an outlet-temperature of from 45 to 160° C., preferably of from 55 to 110° C., more preferably of from 65 to 95° C.
In case of separation by centrifugation and/or microfiltration “adding the non-soluble parts during the conversion” means that the separated non-soluble parts (either the warm-water soluble parts or the solid fraction or both) may be added after having finalized step VI into the homogenized mixture (the emulsion) or they may be added separately as additional component into the spray-dryer or they may be added to the bed of absorbent or they may be added at several different time points of the process.
In case of separation by ultrafiltration “adding the parts during the conversion” means that the separated parts may be added after having finalized step VI into the homogenized mixture (the emulsion) or they may be added separately as additional component into the spray-dryer or they may be added to the bed of absorbent or they may be added at several different time points of the process.”
In another embodiment of the present invention a modified polysaccharide (improved according to the present invention or not) or a mixture of two or more different modified polysaccharides, preferably of two or more different OSA-starches, is added to the emulsion before drying.
For the production of liquid and solid product forms such as oil-in-water suspensions, oil-in-water emulsions or powders the improved modified polysaccharides/improved modified starch/improved OSA-starch (as described above) used therein act as multifunctional ingredients.
The present invention is also directed to the use of compositions as described above for the enrichment, fortification and/or coloration of food, beverages, animal feed, cosmetics or pharmaceutical compositions, preferably for the enrichment, fortification and/or coloration of beverages. There is no “ringing”, i.e. the undesirable separation of insoluble parts at the surface of bottles filled with beverages containing the compositions of the present invention.
Other aspects of the invention are food, beverages, animal feed, cosmetics and pharmaceutical compositions, especially beverages, containing a composition as described above.
Beverages wherein the product forms of the present invention can be used as a colorant or a functional ingredient can be carbonated beverages e.g., flavoured seltzer waters, soft drinks or mineral drinks, as well as non-carbonated beverages e.g. flavoured waters, fruit juices, fruit punches and concentrated forms of these beverages. They may be based on natural fruit or vegetable juices or on artificial flavours. Also included are alcoholic beverages and instant beverage powders. Besides, sugar containing beverages diet beverages with non-caloric and artificial sweeteners are also included.
Further, dairy products, obtained from natural sources or synthetic, are within the scope of the food products wherein the product forms of the present invention can be used as a colorant or as a functional ingredient. Typical examples of such products are milk drinks, ice cream, cheese, yoghurt and the like. Milk replacing products such as soymilk drinks and tofu products are also comprised within this range of application.
Also included are sweets which contain the product forms of the present invention as a colorant or as a functional ingredient, such as confectionery products, candies, gums, desserts, e.g. ice cream, jellies, puddings, instant pudding powders and the like.
Also included are cereals, snacks, cookies, pasta, soups and sauces, mayonnaise, salad dressings and the like which contain the product forms of the present invention as a colorant or a functional ingredient. Furthermore, fruit preparations used for dairy and cereals are also included.
The final concentration of the (fat-soluble) active ingredient and/or the colorant which is added via the product forms of the present invention to the food products may be from 0.1 to 500 ppm, particularly from 1 to 50 ppm based on the total weight of the food composition and depending on the particular food product to be coloured or fortified and the intended grade of coloration or fortification.
The final concentration of the (fat-soluble) active ingredient and/or the colorant, especially of β-carotene, which is added via the product forms of the present invention to beverages may be from 0.1 to 50 ppm, particularly from 1 to 30 ppm, more preferably from 3 to 20 ppm, based on the total weight of the beverage and depending on the particular beverage to be coloured or fortified and the intended grade of coloration or fortification.
The food compositions of this invention are preferably obtained by adding to a food product the (fat-soluble) active ingredient and/or the colorant in the form of a composition of this invention. For coloration or fortification of a food or a pharmaceutical product a composition of this invention can be used according to methods per se known for the application of water dispersible solid product forms.
In general the composition may be added either as an aqueous stock solution, a dry powder mix or a pre-blend with other suitable food ingredients according to the specific application. Mixing can be done e.g. using a dry powder blender, a low shear mixer, a highpressure homogeniser or a high shear mixer depending on the formulation of the final application. As will be readily apparent such technicalities are within the skill of the expert.
Pharmaceutical compositions such as tablets or capsules wherein the compositions are used as a colorant are also within the scope of the present invention. The coloration of tablets can be accomplished by adding the product forms in form of a liquid or solid colorant composition separately to the tablet coating mixture or by adding a colorant composition to one of the components of the tablet coating mixture. Coloured hard or soft-shell capsules can be prepared by incorporating a colorant composition in the aqueous solution of the capsule mass.
Pharmaceutical compositions such as tablets such as chewable tablets, effervescent tablets or filmcoated tablets or capsules such as hard shell capsules wherein the compositions are used as an active ingredient are also within the scope of the present invention. The product forms are typically added as powders to the tableting mixture or filled into the capsules in a manner per se known for the production of capsules.
Animal feed products such as premixes of nutritional ingredients, compound feeds, milk replacers, liquid diets or feed preparations wherein the compositions are either used as a colorant for pigmentation e.g. for egg yolks, table poultry, broilers or aquatic animals or as an active ingredient are also within the scope of the present invention.
Cosmetics, toiletries and derma products i.e. skin and hair care products such as creams, lotions, baths, lipsticks, shampoos, conditioners, sprays or gels wherein the compositions are used as a colorant or as an active ingredient are also within the scope of the present invention.
The following non limiting examples illustrate the invention further.
EXAMPLES
Example 1
Microfiltration of a Modified Polysaccharide (Osa-Starch) with a Ceramic Membrane with a Pore Size of 1.4 μm
An aqueous 45 weight-% solution of HiCap 100 (commercially available from National Starch) was filtered through a ceramic membrane with a pore size of 1.4 μm at 50° C. As the analytic result shows the water content of the permeate is more or less unchanged when compared with the water content of the starting solution. Nevertheless the permeate shows a much lower turbidity.
Example 2
Microfiltration of a Modified Polysaccharide (Osa-Starch) with a Ceramic Membrane with a Pore Size of 0.2 μm
An aqueous 35 weight-% solution of HiCap 100 (commercially available from National Starch) was filtered through a ceramic membrane with a pore size of 0.2 μM at 50° C. Here a strong separation by atomic weight and molecular structure appeared. So the permeate had a solid fraction of only 25.9 weight-%. Therefore, water was removed from the permeate to get a final concentration of the solids of 42.5 weight-% to be able to compare the results of the emulsification trials with the permeate of example 1.
The following table 1 shows the weight-% of the solid fraction of the starting solution, the retentate, the permeate and as used in the emulsification trial.







TABLE 1





Solid fraction [%]







Microfiltration



Emulsification

Hi-Cap 100
Solution
Retentate
Permeate
trial



No physical
44
—
—
47.47

modification = un-

improved Hi-Cap 100

Permeate (pore size
45
44.12
42.49
42.49

1.4 μm) (example 1)

Permeate (pore size
35
41.17
25.94
41.82

0.2 μm) (example 2)




























FIG. 2 shows the viscosity of the filtrated starch solution (starch concentration 43 to weight-%).
Example 3
Emulsification Trials
Compositions according to the present invention were manufactured according to the following procedure:
β-Carotene was dissolved in an organic solvent at 56° C. The resulting solution was added to the aqueous solutions according to example 1 or 2. As comparison example an aqueous solution of HiCap 100 was used. The exact amounts of the (improved) Hi-Cap 100 and the amount of water in the emulsion (based on the total weight of the emulsion) are given in Table 2.










TABLE 2







Hi-Cap 100
Hi-Cap 100



not improved
filtered through
filtered through



Hi-Cap 100
1.4 μm ceramic
0.2 μm ceramic



(comparison
membrane
membrane



example)
(example 1)
(example 2)


ingredient
[weight-%]
[weight-%]
[weight-%]













Hi-Cap
22
21.4
21.2


100


Water
30.2
32.2
32.8





























After the emulsification the solvent-free emulsion was atomised in a mixture of cornstarch and dry ice by a rotary nozzle. The resulting product was then sieved and finally dried with compressed air in a fluidized bed.
Results:
By using the improved modified polysaccharides according to example 1 and 2 the emulsification process itself was more stable and less sensitive to process condition variations than by using non-improved modified polysaccharides.
The resulting products had either a reduced filter residue or a higher colour intensity as can be seen in Table 3. The properties of the emulsion and the final powder were also more similar to each other when filtrated HiCap 100 was used instead of unfiltrated HiCap 100.
The filtration residue is a value determining the quality of an emulsion resulting from solving the product (the composition) as manufactured in example 3 in water (as is done e.g. when the composition is used for colouring beverages) at room temperature. The filtration residue is the amount of composition (mainly free active ingredient such as β-carotene) that remains on the filter when the emulsion is filtered through a paper filter. A filtration residue below 2 weight-% is a sign for a good emulsifying capacity of the product/composition. A high filtration residue is a sign that the active ingredient was not sufficiently incorporated into the matrix of the hydrocolloid (i.e. the (improved) modified polysaccharide).
A higher colour intensity means that less composition/powder is needed to achieve the same colour of food, feed, beverage etc.





TABLE 3



Properties of the emulsion and powder with

non-filtrated and filtrated starch solutions.









filtration



colour
residue


particle
intensity E
[weight-

Analysis
size [nm]
1/1
%]








Emulsion of non-improved
418.0
788.6
2.9

Hi-Cap 100 (comparison example)

Composition (according to Table
430.0
716.3
2.9

2) containing non-improved Hi-Cap

100 (comparison example)

Emulsion of improved Hi-Cap 100
371.8
606.7
0.6

(example 1)

Composition (according to Table 2)
372.2
602.9
0.9

containing improved Hi-Cap 100

(example 1)

Emulsion of improved Hi-Cap 100
256.2
946.7
0.4

(example 2)

Composition (according to Table 2)
255.6
908.5
0.7

containing improved Hi-Cap 100

(example 2)










































Examples 4-8
Microfiltration of a Modified Polysaccharide with Ceramic and Porous Metal Filter Membranes of Different Pore Size
An aqueous 40 weight-% solution of HiCap 100 (commercially available from National Starch) was filtered through one of the following membranes:
a porous metal filter with a pore size of 5 μm (example 4), a porous metal filter with a pore size of 1 μm (example 5), a porous metal filter with a pore size of 0.5 μm (example 6), a ceramic membrane with a pore size of 1.4 μm (example 7), a ceramic membrane with a pore size of 0.8 μm (example 8).

The used porous steel pipe-filters are commercially available from LIGACON W. Röll & CO. AG (Switzerland).
The resulting filtered solutions were spray-dried. The spray-dried improved Hi-Cap 100 starches were dissolved again and converted into β-carotene compositions as described in example 3. The results for the emulsion (status after step V) are shown in the following table 4.








TABLE 4






filtration residue

Example
Membrane*1
particle size [nm]
(%)



comparison example
none
313.3
6.7%

example 4
5 μm PMF
335.2
6.4%

example 5
1 μm PMF
326.8
4.6%

example 6
0.5 μm PMF
334.4
2.6%

example 7
1.4 μm CM
317.2
1.0%

example 8
0.8 μm CM
326.5
1.0%



*1PMF = porous metal filter, CM = ceramic membrane






















The comparison example is an emulsification trial (according to example 3) with non-improved Hi-Cap 100.
Examples 9-24
Microfiltration of a Modified Polysaccharide with Porous Metal Filter Membranes of Different Pore Size
Examples 9 and 10
Comparison Examples
Example 9 and example 10 are comparison examples, i.e. non-improved Hi-Cap 100 was used. With this non-improved OSA-starches products were manufactured as described in example 3. The results are disclosed in Tables 5 to 8.
Examples 11 to 14
Microfiltration of HiCap 100 with a 1 μm Porous Metal Filter Membrane
An aqueous solution of HiCap 100 (commercially available from National Starch) with the concentration as given in Table 5 was filtered through a porous metal filter with a pore size of 1 μm. The permeate was further used for the preparation of a composition as described in example 3. The results are disclosed in Table 5.
Example 15
Microfiltration of HiCap 100 with a 1 μm Porous Metal Filter Membrane
An aqueous 37 weight-% solution of HiCap 100 (commercially available from National Starch) was filtered through a porous metal filter with a pore size of 1 μm. The permeate was further used for the preparation of a composition as described in example 3. As additional step non-filtrated (═Original) HiCap 100 was added to the emulsion before performing the powder-catch step. The results are disclosed in Table 6.
Example 16
Microfiltration of HiCap 100 with a 5 μm Porous Metal Filter Membrane
An aqueous 39.9 weight-% solution of HiCap 100 (commercially available from National Starch) was filtered through a porous metal filter with a pore size of 5 μm. The permeate was further used for the preparation of a composition as described in example 3. As additional step non-filtrated (═Original) HiCap 100 was added to the emulsion before performing the powder-catch step. The results are disclosed in Table 6.
Example 17
Microfiltration of HiCap 100 with a 1 μm/20 μm Porous Metal Filter Membrane
An aqueous 37 weight-% solution of HiCap 100 (commercially available from National Starch) was filtered through a porous metal filter with a pore size of 1 μm. The retentate was further filtered through a porous metal filter with a pore size of 20 μM and the permeate of this filtration step used for the preparation of a composition as described in example 3. As additional step non-filtrated (═Original) HiCap 100 was added to the emulsion before performing the powder-catch step. The results are disclosed in Table 6.
Example 18
Microfiltration of HiCap 100 with a 1 μm Porous Metal Filter Membrane
An aqueous 40 weight-% solution of HiCap 100 (commercially available from National Starch) was filtered through a porous metal filter with a pore size of 1 μm. The permeate was further used for the preparation of a composition as described in example 3. As additional step the retentate obtained by the filtration step was added to the emulsion during emulsification. The results are disclosed in Table 7.
Example 19
Microfiltration of HiCap 100 with a 1 μm Porous Metal Filter Membrane
An aqueous 40 weight-% solution of HiCap 100 (commercially available from National Starch) was filtered through a porous metal filter with a pore size of 1 μm. The permeate was further used for the preparation of a composition as described in example 3. As additional step the retentate obtained by the filtration step was added to the emulsion before performing the powder-catch step. The results are disclosed in Table 7.
Example 20
Microfiltration of HiCap 100 with a 5 μm Porous Metal Filter Membrane
An aqueous 39.9 weight-% solution of HiCap 100 (commercially available from National Starch) was filtered through a porous metal filter with a pore size of 5 μm. The permeate was further used for the preparation of a composition as described in example 3. As additional step the retentate obtained by the filtration step was added to the emulsion before performing the powder-catch step. The results are disclosed in Table 7.
Example 21
Microfiltration of HiCap 100 with a 1 μm Porous Metal Filter Membrane
An aqueous 37 weight-% solution of HiCap 100 (commercially available from National Starch) was filtered through a porous metal filter with a pore size of 1 μm. The permeate was further used for the preparation of a composition as described in example 3. The retentate of this filtration step was further filtered through a porous metal filter with a pore size of 20 μm. The permeate of this 20 μm filtration step was added to the emulsion before performing the powder-catch step. The results are disclosed in Table 7.
Example 15*R
Microfiltration of HiCap 100 with a 1 μm Porous Metal Filter Membrane and Use of the Retentate
An aqueous solution of HiCap 100 (commercially available from National Starch) was filtered through a porous metal filter with a pore size of 1 μm. The retentate was further used for the preparation of a composition as described in example 3.
Examples 22-24
Microfiltration of HiCap 100 with a 1 μm/20 μm Porous Metal Filter Membrane
An aqueous 37 weight-% solution of HiCap 100 (commercially available from National Starch) was filtered through a porous metal filter with a pore size of 1 μm. The retentate of this 1 μm filtration step was further filtered through a porous metal filter with a pore size of 20 μm. The permeate of this 20 μm filtration step was further used for the preparation of a composition as described in example 3. The results are disclosed in Table 8.
Example 25
Microfiltration by Use of a Hydrosart 0.45 Membrane
An aqueous 30 weight-% solution of HiCap 100 (commercially available from National Starch) was filtered through a Hydrosart 0.45 membrane (commercially available from Sartorius).
Example 26
Ultrafiltration
An aqueous 12 weight-% solution/suspension of Hi-Cap 100 (commercially available from National Starch) was filtered through a polysulfone-hollow fiber cartridge UFP-100-E-6A with a NMWC (nominal molecular weight cut off) of 100 kDa, Amersham Biosciences, Piscataway, N.J. during 2 hours with a flow of 5.4 to 3.5 kg/h and at a pressure (trans membrane pressure) of from 0.8 to 2.2 bar. The retentate was washed off the membrane and spray-dried.
Example 27
Emulsification Trial
A composition according to the present invention was manufactured according to the following procedure:
A) The spray-dried Hi-Cap 100 according to example 26 was dissolved in water. The suspension was then heated up to ca. 80° C. and stirred for 20 min at 1000 rotations per minute. The suspension was then cooled down to ca. 50° C. and kept at a pH of 4.16 for 10 minutes.
B)β-Carotene, dl-α-tocopherol and corn oil were dissolved in an organic solvent and stirred at 70° C. at 500 rotations per minute for 30 minutes using a dissolver disk.
The resulting solution B was added to the aqueous solution A under stirring at 5600 rotations per minute and kept for 30 minutes at ca. 50° C. at 5000 rotations per minute using a dissolver disk. The organic solvent was removed during 30 minutes at a rotator evaporator at 55° C., 20 rotations per minute and at a final pressure of ca. 170 mbar (absolute). The foamy emulsion was centrifuged at 50° C. for 10 minutes at 3000 rotations per minute (≈1700 g). Afterwards it was sprayed into a cooled, fluidized bed of corn starch. Further corn starch was added and the obtained beadlets were kept in the bed for 30 minutes until a ternperature of 15° C. was achieved. The superfluous corn starch was removed and the beadlets were dried in stream of air for 2 hours.
As comparison example an aqueous solution of HiCap 100 was used. The exact amounts of the ingredients are given in Table 9.







TABLE 9





amount of ingredient

ingredient
amount of ingredient
[%]










beta-carotene
20.4
g
11.5

corn oil
9.7
g
5.5

dl-α-tocopherol
2.7
g
1.5






organic solvent
215
ml
—

improved Hi-Cap 100
100
g
56.5

according to example 26

corn starch
35
g
20





water
30.2
5

Total
—
100.0




































Results:
The results are summarized in table 10.





TABLE 10



Properties of the emulsion and beadlets with

unchanged and ultrafiltrated starch solutions.







particle

filtration


size
colour
residue

Analysis
[nm]
intensity
[weight-%]



Emulsion of non-improved Hi-Cap
405.8
624 at
5.4

100 (comparison example)

478 nm

Composition (according to Table 9)
—
517 at
5.8

containing non-improved Hi-Cap

482 nm

100 (comparison example)

Emulsion of improved Hi-Cap
317.0
851 at
3.1

100 (example 26)

477 nm

Composition (according to Table 9)
—
723 at
2.8

containing improved Hi-Cap

477 nm

100 (example 27)

































The filtration residue is a value determining the quality of an emulsion resulting from solving the product (the composition) as manufactured in example 27 in water (as is done e.g. when the composition is used for colouring beverages) at room temperature. The filtration residue is the amount of composition (mainly free active ingredient such as β-carotene) that remains on the filter when the emulsion is filtered through a paper filter. A low filtration residue is a sign for a good emulsifying capacity of the product/composition. A high filtration residue is a sign that the active ingredient was not sufficiently incorporated into the matrix of the hydrocolloid (i.e. the (improved) modified polysaccharide).
A higher colour intensity (product form dispersed in water; measured at λ(E max ); baseline correction at 650 nm at 20° C. in water at the wavelength (λ) showing maximal absorption) means that less composition/powder is needed to achieve the same colour of food, feed, beverage etc.
Example 28
Separation by Centrifugation
An aqueous 20 weight-% solution/suspension of Hi-Cap 100 (commercially available from National Starch) was kept for 2 hours at 60° C. under stirring and additionally kept without heating for 12 hours (end temperature: 40° C.). The suspension was clarified using a disk separator type SC 20-06-076 of Westfalia AG (m 2 of separating disk package=26000) applying 7650 rpm, equivalent to 8500 g, a volume flow of 500 l/h and 4 bar counter pressure. The clarified solution of the modified food starch (=improved modified food starch I) was spray dried.
Example 29
Separation by Centrifugation & Ultrafiltration
An aqueous 20 weight-% solution/suspension of Hi-Cap 100 (commercially available from National Starch) was kept for 2 hours at 60° C. under stirring and additionally kept without heating for 12 hours (end temperature: 40° C.). The suspension was clarified using a disk separator type SC 20-06-076 of Westfalia AG (m 2 of separating disk package=26000) applying 7650 rpm, equivalent to 8500 g, a volume flow of 500 l/h and 4 bar counter pressure. The clarified solution of the modified food starch (=improved modified food starch I) was subjected to diafiltration with a flow of 75-90 l/h and at a trans membrane pressure of from 1-2 bar using a polysulfone membrane Microza SLP 3053 from Pall, Crailsheim, Germany with a NMWC of 10 kDa. The retentate was washed off the membrane and spray-dried.
Examples 30 and 31
Emulsification Trials
A composition according to the present invention was manufactured according to the following procedure:
A) The spray-dried Hi-Cap 100 according to example 28 and example 29, respectively, was dissolved in water. The suspension was then heated up to ca. 40° C. and stirred for 60 minutes at 1000 rotations per minute using a dissolver disk. The suspension was kept at ca. 40° C. and a pH of ca. 4 for 10 minutes.
B) β-Carotene, dl-α-tocopherol and corn oil were dissolved in an organic solvent and stirred at 70° C. at 500 rotations per minute for 30 minutes using a dissolver disk.
The resulting solution B was added to the aqueous solution A under stirring at 5600 rotations per minute and kept for 30 minutes at ca. 50° C. at 5000 rotations per minute using a dissolver disk. The organic solvent was removed during 60 minutes at a rotator evaporator at 55° C., 20 rotations per minute and at a final pressure of ca. 170 mbar (absolute). The foamy emulsion was centrifuged at 50° C. for 10 minutes at 3000 rotations per minute (≈1700 g). Afterwards it was sprayed into a cooled, fluidized bed of corn starch. Further corn starch was added and the obtained beadlets were kept in the bed for 30 minutes until a temperature of 15° C. was achieved. The superfluous corn starch was removed and the beadlets were dried in stream of air for 2 hours.
As comparison example (example 32) an aqueous solution of HiCap 100 was used. The average amounts of the ingredients are given in Table 11.







TABLE 11





amount of



ingredient

ingredient
amount of ingredient
[%]










β-carotene
20.4
g
11.5

corn oil
9.7
g
5.5

dl-α-tocopherol
2.7
g
1.5

organic solvent (removed later)
255
ml
—

improved Hi-Cap 100
100
g
56.5

according to example 28/29

Corn starch (calculated)
35
g
20





Water (partly removed later)
30.2
5

Total

100


































Results:
The results are summarized in table 12.





TABLE 12



Properties of beadlets with unchanged, clarified (via disk separation)

and filtrated (via disk separation and diafiltration) starch solutions.







Mean

filtration


particle

residue


size
colour
[weight-

Analysis
[nm]
intensity
%]



Composition (according to Table
307 nm
744 at 477 nm
7.2

11) containing non-improved

Hi-Cap 100 (comparison

example 32)

Composition (according to Table
298 nm
715 at 477 nm
2.5

11) containing improved Hi-Cap

100 according to example 30

Composition (according to Table
261 nm
1005 at 477 nm
0.6

11) containing improved Hi-Cap

100 according to example 31


































The filtration residue is a value determining the quality of an emulsion resulting from solving the product (the composition) as manufactured in example 30/31 in water (as is done e.g. when the composition is used for colouring beverages) at room temperature. The filtration residue is the amount of composition (mainly free active ingredient such as β-carotene) that remains on the filter when the emulsion is filtered through a paper filter. A low filtration residue is a sign for a good emulsifying capacity of the product/composition. A high filtration residue is a sign that the active ingredient was not sufficiently incorporated into the matrix of the hydrocolloid (i.e. the (improved) modified polysaccharide).
A higher colour intensity (product form dispersed in water; measured at λ(E max ); baseline correction at 650 nm (20° C.) at 20° C. in water at the wavelength (λ) showing maximal absorption (baseline correction at 650 nm)) means that less composition/powder is needed to achieve the same colour of food, feed, beverage etc.
Example 33
In addition to examples 28 & 29, any other starch, e.g. Capsul HS (commercially available from National Starch) could be used and subjected to clarification via disk separation and optional diafiltration (diafiltration is an ultrafiltration where the permeate is substituted with H 2 O).
Furthermore, mixtures (ratios of from 1:99 up to 99:1, preferred 50:50) of these improved modified food starches are suitable for use in compositions according to example 30/31.
A composition (example 33) has been prepared using a mixture (ratio 50:50) of improved Hi Cap 100 and improved Capsul HS (both produced analogously to example 28).
As comparison example (example 34) an aqueous solution of a mixture of HiCap 100 and Capsul HS (ratio 50:50) was used. The average amounts of the ingredients are given in detail in Table 11.
Results:
The results are summarized in table 13.





TABLE 13



Properties of beadlets with unchanged and clarified

(via disk separation) starch solutions.







particle

filtration


size
colour
residue

Analysis
[nm]
intensity
[weight-%]



Composition (according to
312 nm
859 at 477 nm
2.1

Table 11) containing a mixture

of non-improved Hi-Cap 100

and non-improved Capsul

HS ratio 50:50 (comparison

example 34)

Composition (according to
340 nm
846 at 477 nm
2.8

Table 11) containing a mixture

of improved Hi-Cap 100 and

improved Capsul HS ratio

50:50 (example 33)


































Example 35
Separation by Centrifugation
An aqueous 38 weight-% solution/suspension of Hi-Cap 100 (commercially available from National Starch) was kept for 2 hours at 50° C. under stirring and subsequently cooled to room temperature. The suspension was kept at room temperature for several hours, heated to 65° C. and clarified using a disk separator type CSA 160-47-076 of Westfalia AG (Quadratmeter des Tellerpaketes [wie heisst das auf englisch?]=160000 m 2 ) applying 6.800 rpm (≈15000 g), a volume flow of ca. 500 l/h or higher and 6-9 bar counter pressure. The clarified solution of the modified food starch (=improved modified food starch) can be used for formulation of active ingredients, e.g. β-carotene according to example 30/31.
Example 36
Separation by Centrifugation
An aqueous 20 weight-% solution/suspension of Hi-Cap 100 (commercially available from National Starch) was heated for 2 hours at 60° C. under stirring and additionally kept withto out heating for 12 hours (end temperature: 40° C.). The suspension was clarified using a disk separator type SC 35 of Westfalia AG (Quadratmeter des Tellerpaketes [wie heisst das auf engliseh?]=48000 m 2 ) applying 7250 rpm (≈7500 g), a volume flow of ˜750 kg/h and 6-8 bar counter pressure. The clarified solution of the modified food starch (=improved modified food starch) was spray dried.
Example 37
Emulsification Trial
A composition according to the present invention was manufactured according to the following procedure:
A) The spray-dried Hi-Cap 100 according to example 36 was dissolved in water. The suspension was then heated up to ca. 40° C. and stirred for 20 min at 1000 rotations per minute using a dissolver disk. The suspension was then heated to ca. 50° C. and kept at a pH of −4 for 10 minutes.
B) β-Carotene, dl-α-tocopherol and corn oil were dissolved in an organic solvent and stirred at 70° C. at 500 rotations per minute for 30 minutes using a dissolver disk.
The resulting solution B was added to the aqueous solution A under stirring at 5600 rotations per minute and kept for 30 minutes at ca. 50° C. at 5000 rotations per minute using a dissolver disk. The organic solvent was removed during 30 minutes at a rotator evaporator at 55° C., 20 rotations per minute and at a final pressure of ca. 170 mbar (absolute). The foamy emulsion was centrifuged at 50° C. for 10 minutes at 3000 rotations per minute 1700 g). Afterwards it was sprayed into a cooled, fluidized bed of corn starch. Further corn starch was added and the obtained beadlets were kept in the bed for 30 minutes until a temperature of 15° C. was achieved. The superfluous corn starch was removed and the beadlets were dried in stream of air for 2 hours.
As comparison example (example 38) an aqueous solution of HiCap 100 was used. The exact amounts of the ingredients are given in Table 14.







TABLE 14





amount of ingredient

ingredient
amount of ingredient
[%]










β-carotene
20.4
g
11.5

corn oil
9.7
g
5.5

dl-α-tocopherol
2.7
g
1.5

organic solvent
215
ml
—

improved Hi-Cap 100
100
g
56.5

according to example 36





Corn starch
35
20

Water
30.2
5

Total
—
100

































Results:
The results are summarized in table 15.





TABLE 15



Properties of the emulsion and beadlets with unchanged

and ultrafiltrated starch solutions.







particle

filtration


size
colour
residue

Analysis
[nm]
intensity
[weight-%]



Composition (according to
307 nm
744 at 477 nm
7.2

Table 14)

containing non-improved Hi-

Cap 100

(comparison example 38)

Composition (according to
323 nm
823 at 477 nm
5.0

Table 14)

containing improved Hi-Cap

100

(example 37)

































The filtration residue is a value determining the quality of an emulsion resulting from solving the product (the composition) as manufactured in example 37 in water (as is done e.g. when the composition is used for colouring beverages) at room temperature. The filtration residue is the amount of composition (mainly free active ingredient such as β-carotene) that remains on the filter when the emulsion is filtered through a paper filter. A low filtration residue is a sign for a good emulsifying capacity of the product/composition. A high filtration residue is a sign that the active ingredient was not sufficiently incorporated into the matrix of the hydrocolloid (i.e. the (improved) modified polysaccharide).
A higher colour intensity (product form dispersed in water; measured at λ(E max ); baseline correction at 650 nm (20° C.) at 20° C. in water at the wavelength (λ) showing maximal absorption (baseline correction at 650 nm)) means that less composition/powder is needed to achieve the same colour of food, feed, beverage etc.
Example 39
Measurement of the Turbidity
As a measure of the degree of purification (separation of insoluble parts from aqueous solutions) of centrifuged OSA-starches, values for turbidity of defined solutions are suitable.
The turbidity of said aqueous solutions is measured spectrophotometrically at a wavelength of 455 nm using a HACH 2100 AN Turbidimeter according to USEPA Method 180.1 at room temperature and at atmospheric pressure. The turbidity is then expressed in nephelometric turbidity units (NTU).
Table 16 illustrates the turbidity of several purified (=improved) modified food starches using disk separation technology compared to non-improved material.












Parameter





separation:
Dry matter


Separator type, centrifugal
in


force, temperature,
aqueous

Turbidity/dry


counter
solution

matter adjusted to

Food Starch
pressure, preferred
[weight-
Turbidity
10 weight %

modified
flow rate
%]
[NTU]
[NTU]











Cerestar
—
30
—
245

C*EmCap

12635 prior

separation (1)

Cerestar
Westfalia SC 20 7500 rpm,
30
—
101

C*EmCap
~30° C., 4 bar, 500 l/h

12635 past

separation (2)

Capsul HS
—
30
—
230

prior separation (1)

Improved Capsul
Westfalia SC 20 7500 rpm,
30
—
40

HS
~30° C., 4 bar, 500 l/h

past separation (2)

Hi Cap 100
—
20
1020
495

prior separation (1)

Improved Hi
Westfalia SC 20 7500 rpm,
20
132
88

Cap 100
~40° C., 4 bar, 500 l/h

past separation (2)

Hi Cap 100
—
35
1373
555

Prior separation (1)

Improved Hi
Westfalia CSA 160-47-
35
92
54

Cap 100
076,

Past separation (2)
6800 rpm, 70° C.,


6-9 bar, 600 kg/h

Hi Cap 100
—
20
—
617

Trial code UT

06060007

Prior separation (1)

Improved Hi
Westfalia SC 35,
20
—
100

Cap 100
7500 rpm, ~75° C., 750 kg/h

Past separation (2)
8.5 bar



(1) = comparison example;

(2) = example according to the invention
























































Decreased values for turbidity indicate improvement of the raw materials (i.e. “prior separation”) used regarding separation of non-soluble parts.
Example 40
Measurement of E1/1
An adequate amount of the formulation is dispersed, dissolved and/or diluted in/with water to by use of ultrasonics in a water bath of 50 to 55° C. The resulting “solution” is diluted to a final concentration of the fat-soluble active ingredient of 10 ppm and its UV/VIS-spectrum is measured against water as reference. From the resulting UV/VIS spectrum the absorbance at the specified wavelength of maximum or shoulder, Amax, is determined. Furthermore, the absorbance at 650 nm, A650, is determined. The color intensity E1/1 is the absorbance of a 1% solution and a thickness of 1 cm and is calculated as follows: E1/1=(Amax-A650)*dilution factor/(weight of sample*content of product form in %).