English
Tiếng Việt
(en)The invention provides a process of preparing glucosyl Rebaudioside C composition. The glucosyl rebaudioside C composition is useful as in combination with other caloric and non-caloric sweeteners as well as non caloric sweetener in edible and chewable consumables such as various foods and beverages, confectionaries, bakery products, cookies, chewing gums, and the like.
1.ApplicationNumber: US-201815899149-A
1.PublishNumber: US-2018168211-A1
2.Date Publish: 20180621
3.Inventor: MARKOSYAN, AVETIK
4.Inventor Harmonized: MARKOSYAN AVETIK(AM)
5.Country: US
6.Claims:
(en)The invention provides a process of preparing glucosyl Rebaudioside C composition. The glucosyl rebaudioside C composition is useful as in combination with other caloric and non-caloric sweeteners as well as non caloric sweetener in edible and chewable consumables such as various foods and beverages, confectionaries, bakery products, cookies, chewing gums, and the like.
7.Description:
(en)This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) from provisional U.S. Patent Application No. 61/827,941 filed May 29, 2013, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. This application is also a continuation-in-part of and claims the benefit of priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/110,010 filed May 18, 2011 which was published as U.S. 2011/0287164 on Nov. 24, 2011, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a process for glucosylation of sweet glycosides of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni plant, and more particularly to a process for glucosylation of Rebaudioside C from Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni plant.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
High intensity sweeteners possess sweetness level many times exceeding that of sucrose. They are essentially non-caloric and used widely in manufacturing of diet and calorie-reduced food. Although natural caloric sweetener such as sucrose, fructose, and glucose provide the most desirable taste to consumers, they are caloric. High intensity sweeteners do not affect the blood glucose level and provide little or no nutritive value.
However, high intensity sweeteners that generally are used as sucrose substitutes possess taste characteristics different than that of sugar, such as sweet taste with different temporal profile, maximal response, flavor profile, mouthfeel, and/or adaptation behavior than that of sugar. For example, the sweet taste of some high-potency sweeteners is slower in onset and longer in duration than that of sugar and thus changes the taste balance of a food composition. Because of these differences, usage of high-potency sweetener in replacing such a bulk sweetener as sugar in a food or beverage causes disbalance in temporal and/or flavor profile. If the taste profile of high-potency sweeteners could be modified to impart desired taste characteristics, it can provide low calorie beverages and food products with taste characteristics more desirable for consumers.
On the other hand, high-potency sweeteners may have some cost and functional advantages compared to sugar. The competition among sugar and non-sugar high-potency sweeteners is tough in soft drinks industry, in countries where their use and production is permitted and also in countries with overvalued sugar prices.
At present high intensity sweeteners are used worldwide. They can be of both synthetic and natural origin.
Non-limiting examples of synthetic sweeteners include sucralose, potassium acesulfame, aspartame, alitame, saccharin, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone synthetic derivatives, cyclamate, neotame, dulcin, suosan, N—[N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-L-□-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, N—[N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-3-methylbutyl]-L-□-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, N—[N-[3-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)propyl]-L-□-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, salts thereof, and the like.
Non-limiting examples of natural high intensity sweeteners include Stevioside, Rebaudioside A, Rebaudioside B, Rebaudioside C, Rebaudioside E, Rebaudioside F, Steviolbioside, Dulcoside A, Rubusoside, mogrosides, brazzein, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), glycyrrhizic acid and its salts, thaumatin, perillartine, pernandulcin, mukuroziosides, baiyunoside, phlomisoside-I, dimethyl-hexahydrofluorene-dicarboxylic acid, abrusosides, periandrin, carnosiflosides, cyclocarioside, pterocaryosides, polypodoside A, brazilin, hernandulcin, phillodulcin, glycyphyllin, phlorizin, trilobatin, dihydroflavonol, dihydroquercetin-3-acetate, neoastilibin, trans-cinnamaldehyde, monatin and its salts, selligueain A, hematoxylin, monellin, osladin, pterocaryoside A, pterocaryoside B, mabinlin, pentadin, miraculin, curculin, neoculin, chlorogenic acid, cynarin, siamenoside and others.
At present about eleven high intensity sweeteners are used worldwide. These are acesulfame-K, alitame, aspartame, cyclamate, glycyrrhizin, NHDC, saccharin, Stevioside, sucralose, thaumatin, neotame, and Rebaudioside A.
The standard sweetening power associated with each high intensity sweetener is given in TABLE 1. However, when they are used in blends, the sweetening power can change significantly.
TABLE 1
Sweetener
Sweetness power
Saccharose
1
Acesulfame-K
200
Alitame
2000
Aspartame
200
Cyclamate
30
Glycyrrhizin
50
NHDC
1000
Saccharine
300
Stevioside
200
Rebaudioside A
450
Thaumatin
3000
Sucralose
600
On the other hand, ‘natural’ and ‘organic’ foods and beverages have become the “hottest area” in the food industry. The combination of consumers' desire, advances in food technology, new studies linking diet to disease and disease prevention has created an unprecedented opportunity to address public health through diet and lifestyle.
A growing number of consumers perceive the ability to control their health by enhancing their current health and/or hedging against future diseases. This creates a demand for food products with enhanced characteristics and associated health benefits, specifically a food and consumer market trend towards “whole health solutions” lifestyle. The term “natural” is highly emotive in the world of sweeteners and has been identified as one of key trust, along with “whole grains”, “heart-healthy” and “low-sodium”. ‘Natural’ term is closely related to ‘healthier’.
In this respect, natural high intensity sweeteners can have better commercial potential.
Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is a perennial shrub of the Asteraceae (Compositae) family native to certain regions of South America. The leaves of the plant contain from 10 to 20% of diterpene glycosides, which are around 150 to 450 times sweeter than sugar. The leaves have been traditionally used for hundreds of years in Paraguay and Brazil to sweeten local teas and medicines.
At present there are more than 230 Stevia species with significant sweetening properties. The plant has been successfully grown under a wide range of conditions from its native subtropics to the cold northern latitudes.
Steviol glycosides have zero calories and can be used wherever sugar is used. They are ideal for diabetic and low calorie diets. In addition, the sweet steviol glycosides possess functional and sensory properties superior to those of many high potency sweeteners.
The extract of Stevia rebaudiana plant contains a mixture of different sweet diterpene glycosides, which have a single base—steviol and differ by the presence of carbohydrate residues at positions C13 and C19. These glycosides accumulate in Stevia leaves and compose approximately 10%-20% of the total dry weight. Typically, on a dry weight basis, the four major glycosides found in the leaves of Stevia are Dulcoside A (0.3%), Rebaudioside C (0.6-1.0%), Rebaudioside A (3.8%) and Stevioside (9.1%). Other glycosides identified in Stevia extract include Rebaudioside B, D, E, and F, Steviolbioside and Rubusoside. Among steviol glycosides only Stevioside and Rebaudioside A are available in commercial scale.
The physical and sensory properties are well studied only for Stevioside and Rebaudioside A. The sweetness potency of Stevioside is around 210 times higher than sucrose, Rebaudioside A in between 200 and 400 times.
Generally production of extract includes extraction of plant material with water or water-organic solvent mixture, precipitation of high molecular weight substances, deionization, and decolorization, purification on specific macroporous polymeric adsorbents, concentration and drying.
Purification techniques include re-crystallization from various organic solvents as well as chromatographic separation. As a result, besides the highly purified steviol glycosides, substantial amount of by products with 65-75% steviol glycosides content is being generated. The amount of such “non-food grade” materials often exceeds the “main” product 2-3 times and there is a certain economic demand for re-processing of these “by-products”. This possesses big technical challenge as the majority of existing commercial purification processes fail to deliver satisfactory results with initial materials containing as low as 65-75% total steviol glycosides.
On the other hand commercial preparations of steviol glycosides such as Stevia Extract, Rebaudioside A possess certain drawbacks substantially limiting their usage in mainstream products.
One of these disadvantages is “so-called” limited maximal response value. This is the maximal sweetness in sugar equivalents achievable by using a high intensity sweetener regardless how high the concentration of the sweetener is. For steviol glycosides this value is approx. 6-8%. This means when used “as-is” steviol glycosides cannot deliver sweetness feeling which is higher than that of 6-8% sucrose solution. Considering that majority of soft drinks contain 10-13% sucrose the usage of steviol glycosides for full sugar substitution is not possible.
It has to be noted that high intensity sweeteners' taste profile is highly dependant on the concentration and usually the higher the concentration the higher the sensation of undesirable taste components such as bitterness, licorice, lingering aftertaste. This phenomenon limits the usage of steviol glycosides further to 4-5% sucrose equivalents in order to achieve pleasant taste of a food or beverage sweetened with stevia sweeteners.
Rebaudioside C or Reb C (CAS No: 63550-99-2), also known as Dulcoside B, is the third most abundant sweet glycoside found in Stevia rebaudiana . Nevertheless its isolation and purification are one of the most challenging compared to other glycosides. Few descriptions exist in literature of processes yielding high purity Rebaudioside C.
Recent studies show that highly purified forms of Rebaudioside C possess certain valuable properties. Particularly Rebaudioside C is capable to deliver flavor and sweetness enhancing properties.
These properties multiply the significance of Rebaudioside C and attract great interest for processes of preparation of highly purified forms of Rebaudioside C.
There are few processes described in the prior arts for Rebaudioside C preparation.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,353,889 describes a process of preparation of a substance referred as “Rebaudioside C”. According to the embodiment of the patent, Rebaudioside A is refluxed with strong base in aqueous methanol medium at elevated temperature. Upon completion of the reaction the mixture is cooled and acidified with sulfuric acid to yield the base hydrolysis product called “Rebaudioside C” with 99% purity. It has to be noted that the chemical formula of the compound given in the patent actually corresponds to substance currently known to art as Rebaudioside B (CAS No: 58543-17-2).
Stevia rebaudiana aqueous extract was re-crystallized from methanol-ethanol mixture and Reb C was recovered from obtained mixture by chromatography on silica gel (Kobayashi et al., 1977). The process employs chromatographic separation which is not suitable for application in commercial scale.
Stevia rebaudiana methanolic extract was re-crystallized from methanol and Reb C was recovered from obtained mother liquor by chromatography on silica gel (Sakamoto et al., 1977). Using chromatographic separation stage in process makes it difficult to apply in commercial scale.
Most of the existing processes of highly purified Reb C preparation employ techniques which are only applicable for laboratory or pilot scale production.
On the other hand there's no information about the properties of glucosylated Reb C. To our knowledge, there is no published data on the glucosylation of Reb C.
Hence, there is a need for a simple, efficient, and economical process for production of glucosylated steviol glycosides compositions comprising Reb C.
DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURE
FIG. 1 shows the chemical structure of Rebaudioside C.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a process for glucosylation of sweet glycosides from Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni plant, and more particularly to a process for glucosylation of Rebaudioside C.
The primary objective of the invention is to develop an efficient process of glucosylating different steviol glycosides particularly Reb C from Stevia extract.
According to the present invention the glucosylation of Reb C was developed from steviol glycosides compositions comprising at least 20% on dry basis Reb C.
In one embodiment, the process comprises steps of:
a. providing an steviol glycosides composition comprising at least 20% of Reb C on anhydrous basis;
b. providing a donor of glucose residues;
c. dissolving the steviol glycosides composition and glucose residues donor in water;
d. adding an enzyme capable of transferring glucose residues from glucose residue donor molecule to Reb C molecule;
e. incubating the reaction mixture to obtain a glucosyl Reb C composition comprising at least 20% glucosyl Reb C and 0-20% unmodified Reb C, all percentages being on anhydrous wt/wt basis.
One aspect of the present invention provides a product comprising glucosyl Reb C composition from 0.1 ppm to 100,000 ppm, wherein the product is selected from the group consisting of food, beverage, pharmaceutical composition, tobacco, nutraceutical, oral hygienic composition, cosmetics or any other chewable, edible or drinkable consumable.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a sweetener or flavoring composition comprising glucosyl Reb C composition.
In another embodiment, the sweetener composition further comprises Rebaudioside A, enzymatically modified stevia , Rebaudioside D, a mixture of steviol glycosides with more than 95% (on dry basis) total steviol glycosides content, high intensity sweetener and natural flavor compound, caloric sweetener, or sucrose.
In another embodiment, the sweetener or flavoring composition further comprises one natural high intensity sweetener selected from the group consisting of: steviol glycosides including a purified sweet steviol glycoside mixture, stevioside, rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside C, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside F, dulcoside A, dulcoside B, rubusoside, stevia , alpha-glucosyl stevia , fructosyl stevia , galactosyl stevia , beta-glucosyl stevia ; siamenoside; mogroside IV; mogroside V; Luo Han Guo sweetener; monatin and its salts (monatin SS, RR, RS, SR); glycyrrhizic acid and its salts; curculin; thaumatin; monellin; mabinlin; brazzein; hernandulcin; phyllodulcin; glycyphyllin; phloridzin; trilobatin; baiyunoside; osladin; polypodoside A; pterocaryoside A; pterocaryoside B; mukurozioside; phlomisoside I; periandrin I; abrusoside A; cyclocarioside I; and combinations thereof.
It is to be understood that the foregoing descriptions and specific embodiments shown herein are merely illustrative of the best mode of the invention and the principles thereof, and that modifications and additions may be easily made by those skilled in the art without departing for the spirit and scope of the invention, which is therefore understood to be limited only by the scope of the appended claims.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the detailed description given hereinafter. However, it should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating preferred embodiments of the invention, are given by way of illustration only, since various changes and modifications within the spirit and scope of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from this detailed description.
According to the present invention the glucosylation of Reb C was developed from starting material comprising steviol glycosides with at least 20% on dry basis Reb C content.
In one embodiment, the process comprises steps of:
a. providing a steviol glycosides composition comprising at least 20% of Reb C on anhydrous basis;
b. providing a donor of glucose residues;
c. dissolving the steviol glycosides composition and glucose residues donor in water;
d. adding an enzyme capable of transferring glucose residues from glucose residues donor molecule to Reb C molecule;
e. incubating the reaction mixture to obtain a glucosyl Reb C composition comprising at least 20% glucosyl Reb C and 0-20% unmodified Reb C, all percentages being on anhydrous wt/wt basis.
In one embodiment the steviol glycosides composition of step (a) contains 20-30%, or 30-40%, or 40-60%, or 60-70%, or 70-80%, or 80-90%, or 90-100% Reb C, preferably 20-40% Reb C (wt/wt anhydrous basis).
In another embodiment the donor of glucose residues in step (b) is selected from group including but not limited to starch, liquefied starch, hydrolyzed starch, partially hydrolyzed starch, maltodextrin, maltooligosaccharides, cyclodextrins, and other compounds known in prior art to be used as glucose residue donor in glucosylation reactions.
Yet in another embodiment the (wt/wt) ratio of initial steviol glycoside composition and glucose residues donor is ranging from 1:1,000 to 1,000:1. Preferably from 2:1, or 1:1, or 1:2.
In one embodiment the total solids content of the solution obtained in step (c) by dissolving steviol glycosides composition and glucose residues donor in water, ranges from 0.1% to 99%, preferably 30-40%.
In one embodiment the enzyme of step (d) is cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase, EC 2.4.1.19). The enzyme may be added by several batches throughout the process or by one batch.
In another embodiment the enzyme of step (d) is selected from group including but not limited to immobilized enzyme, crude enzyme, purified enzyme, semi-purified enzyme, stabilized enzyme, preserved enzyme, live microbial cell, microbial cell lysate, immobilized microbial cell, or any other form of biocatalyst known to art.
In one embodiment the process is carried out as batch process. However any other type of process known to art, including but not limited to continuous process, semi-batch process etc can be utilized as well
Yet in another embodiment the glucosyl Reb C composition of step (e) comprises, Reb C, mono-glucosyl Reb C, di-glucosyl Reb C, tri-glucosyl Reb C, tetra-glucosyl Reb C, penta-glucosyl Reb C, hexa-glucosyl Reb C, hepta-glucosyl Reb C, octa-glucosyl Reb C, nona-glucosyl Reb C, deca-glucosyl Reb C, and higher glucosyl derivatives of reb C and mixtures thereof.
In another embodiment the glucosyl Reb C composition of step (e) comprises, also Reb A, mono-glucosyl Reb A, di-glucosyl Reb A, tri-glucosyl Reb A, tetra-glucosyl Reb A, penta-glucosyl Reb A, hexa-glucosyl Reb A, hepta-glucosyl Reb A, octa-glucosyl Reb A, nona-glucosyl Reb A, deca-glucosyl Reb A, and higher glucosyl derivatives of reb A and mixtures thereof.
In another embodiment the glucosyl Reb C composition of step (e) comprises, also stevioside, mono-glucosyl stevioside, di-glucosyl stevioside, tri-glucosyl stevioside, tetra-glucosyl stevioside, penta-glucosyl stevioside, hexa-glucosyl stevioside, hepta-glucosyl stevioside, octa-glucosyl stevioside, nona-glucosyl stevioside, deca-glucosyl stevioside, and higher glucosyl derivatives of stevioside and mixtures thereof.
In another embodiment, the process further comprises one or more steps listed below executed in any order and number of repeats:
f. inactivating the enzyme by heat treatment or any other method known to art,
g. passing the glucosyl Reb C composition through ion exchange resin(s), such as anion exchange or cation exchange resins,
h. passing the glucosyl Reb C composition through a membrane or filter with a pore size ranging from 1 Angstrom to 1,000 micrometers. Non limiting examples of membranes include reverse osmosis membranes, nanofiltration, ultrafiltration, microfiltration membranes etc,
i. contacting the glucosyl Reb C composition to activated carbon or any other agent known to have decolorizing effect,
j. additionally treating the glucosyl Reb C composition with enzyme(s) selected from the group including but not limited to CGTase, alpha amylase, beta amylase, glucoamylase or any other enzyme known to have hydrolytic or transglycosidase effect,
k. subjecting the glucosyl Reb C composition to any type of chromatographic separation known to art, including but not limited, ion exchange chromatography, adsorption chromatography, simulated moving bed (SMB) chromatography etc. The chromatographic system used in chromatographic separation may comprise 1-16 chromatographic columns packed with activated carbon, bentonite, zeolite, modified silicagel, unmodified silicagel, ion exchange resins, polymeric adsorbents, macroporous adsorbents, DVB resins, acrylic resins etc. The separation may be carried out by mobile phase comprising ethyl acetate, n-propanol, iso-propanol, acetone, ethanol, methanol, acetontrile, water. Any other chromatographic system and media known to those skilled in art can be used to conduct the separation,
l. producing particles from glucosyl Reb C composition ranging from 0.0001 micron to 1 cm,
m. producing various polymorphic forms from glucosyl Reb C composition, which differ from each other by X-ray diffraction trace, physico-chemical and organoleptic characteristics,
n. passing the glucosyl Reb C composition through any known macroporous adsorption resin and eluting the adsorbed glycosides by aqueous alcohol comprising 0.01% to 100% alcohol. Non limiting examples of alcohol include methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, iso-propanol etc,
o. drying the glucosyl Reb C composition, by spray dryer, flash dryer, vacuum dryer belt dryer, fluid bed dryer, freeze dryer, or any other drying apparatus known to dry a liquid into dry form,
p. crystallizing the glucosyl Reb C composition from water, organic solvents or aqueous organic solvent to separate its components,
q. liquefying the glucose residues donor by any enzyme known to have such effect,
r. subjecting the glucosyl reb C composition to any type of extraction, including but not limited to, solid-liquid extraction, liquid-liquid extraction etc.
The HPLC analysis of initial steviol glycosides composition was carried out using an Agilent Technologies 1200 Series (USA) equipped with Zorbax-NH2 column (4.6×250 mm, 5 um) using acetonitrile-water 80:20, (v/v) mobile phase and UV detector at 210 nm as described in FAO JECFA Monographs 5 (2008).
The HPLC analysis of the glucosyl steviol glycoside and glucosyl Reb C compositions was performed on Agilent Technologies 1200 Series (USA) liquid chromatograph, equipped with Zorbax-NH2 (4.6×250 mm) column. The mobile phase was acetonitrile-water gradient from 80:20, v/v (0-2 min) to 50:50, v/v (2-70 min). A diode array detector set at 210 nm was used as the detector.
The obtained glucosyl Reb C compositions can be used as sweetness enhancer, flavor enhancer and sweetener in various food and beverage products. Non-limiting examples of food and beverage products include carbonated soft drinks, ready to drink beverages, energy drinks, isotonic drinks, low-calorie drinks, zero-calorie drinks, sports drinks, teas, fruit and vegetable juices, juice drinks, dairy drinks, yoghurt drinks, alcohol beverages, powdered beverages, bakery products, cookies, biscuits, baking mixes, cereals, confectioneries, candies, toffees, chewing gum, dairy products, flavored milk, yoghurts, flavored yoghurts, cultured milk, soy sauce and other soy base products, salad dressings, mayonnaise, vinegar, frozen-desserts, meat products, fish-meat products, bottled and canned foods, tabletop sweeteners, fruits and vegetables.
Additionally the glucosyl Reb C compositions can be used in drug or pharmaceutical preparations and cosmetics, including but not limited to toothpaste, mouthwash, cough syrup, chewable tablets, lozenges, vitamin preparations, and the like.
The compositions can be used “as-is” or in combination with other sweeteners, flavors and food ingredients.
Non-limiting examples of sweeteners include steviol glycosides, stevioside, rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside C, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside F, dulcoside A, steviolbioside, rubusoside, as well as other steviol glycosides found in Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni plant and mixtures thereof, stevia extract, Luo Han Guo extract, mogrosides, high-fructose corn syrup, corn syrup, invert sugar, fructooligosaccharides, inulin, inulooligosaccharides, coupling sugar, maltooligosaccharides, maltodextins, corn syrup solids, glucose, maltose, sucrose, lactose, aspartame, saccharin, sucralose, sugar alcohols.
Non-limiting examples of flavors include lemon, orange, fruity, banana, grape, pear, pineapple, bitter almond, cola, cinnamon, sugar, cotton candy, vanilla flavors.
Non-limiting examples of other food ingredients include flavors, acidulants, organic and amino acids, coloring agents, bulking agents, modified starches, gums, texturizers, preservatives, antioxidants, emulsifiers, stabilisers, thickeners, gelling agents.
The following examples illustrate preferred embodiments of the invention.
Example 1
Preparation of Rebaudioside C
10 kg of stevia extract containing 10.1% (on dry basis) rebaudioside C was dissolved in 30 liters of 95% ethanol at 40° C. and cooled to 20° C. 5 g of highly purified rebaudioside A crystals were added as starter and the mixture was further incubated for 2 hours. The crystals of rebaudioside A (with 95.4% (on dry basis) rebaudioside A content) were separated and the filtrate was dried to obtain 4.9 kg powder with 20.1% rebaudioside C content.
The powder was dissolved in 15 liters of 90% methanol solution at 45° C. and cooled to 20° C. 2 g of highly purified Stevioside was added as a starter and the mixture was incubated for 48 hrs. Then the mixture was filtered to obtain 15 liters of filtrate and 4.8 kg of wet crystals. The filtrate was mixed with 15 liters of ethanol and seeded with 2 g of high purity rebaudiside A as a starter. Then it was incubated for 24 hours at 10° C. for crystallization. Precipitated crystals were separated and dried to result in 0.25 kg of dry powder with 39.8% rebaudioside C content. The crystals were suspended in 0.5 liters of 80% ethanol solution and incubated at 35° C. for 2 hours. After incubation the crystals were separated and dried to yield 111.3 g of rebaudioside A with 97.1% purity. The filtrate was dried to obtain 138 g powder with 70.9% rebaudioside C content.
Example 2
Purification of Rebaudioside C
100 g of rebaudioside C prepared as per EXAMPLE 1 with 70.9% rebaudioside C content was dissolved in 200 mL of 90% methanol at 50° C. and cooled down to 10° C. 0.5 g of high purity rebaudioside A was added and the mixture was incubated at 10° C. for 24 hours. The mixture was filtered to separate the crystals. The crystals were dried to yield 19.1 g of Rebaudioside A with 97.3% purity. The filtrate was dried to yield 80.7 g of rebaudioside C with 87.6% purity.
Example 3
Refining of Rebaudioside C by Re-Crystallization
100 g of rebaudioside C prepared as per EXAMPLE 2 was dissolved in 200 mL of 99% Methanol at 50° C. and cooled down to 5° C. 1 g of highly purified rebaudioside C was added as starter and the mixture was incubated at 5° C. for 24 hours. The crystals were separated by filtration and dried under vacuum at 55° C. to yield 80.3 g of rebaudioside C with 98.1% purity.
Example 4
Refining of Rebaudioside C by Chromatography
10 g of rebaudioside C prepared according to EXAMPLE 2 was dissolved in 20 mL of solvent comprising ethylacetate, n-propanol, ethanol and water with 7:2:0.5:0.5 ratio. A glass column (60×2.5 cm) packed with Kieselgel 60 (Merck, Germany) was equilibrated with mobile phase comprising ethylacetate, n-propanol, ethanol and water with 7:2:0.5:0.5 ratio and the sample was passed through the column at SV=1.0 hr−1. The fractions with high rebaudioside C content were combined and dried to yield 7.5 g of rebaudioside C with 98.0% purity.
Example 5
Preparation of CGTase
A strain of Bacillus stearothermophilus St-88 was inoculated in 2,000 liters of sterilized culture medium containing 1.0% starch, 0.25% corn extract, 0.5% (NH4)2SO4, and 0.2% CaCO3 (pH 7.0-7.5) at 56° C. for 24 hrs with continuous aeration (2,000 L/min) and agitation (150 rpm). The obtained culture broth was filtered using Kerasep 0.1 μm ceramic membrane (Novasep, France) to separate the cells. The cell-free permeate was further concentrated 2-fold on Persep 10 kDa ultrafilters (Orelis, France). The activity of the enzyme was determined according to Hale, Rawlins (1951). A crude enzyme preparation with activity of about 2 unit/mL was obtained.
Example 6
Preparation of Glucosyl Stevia Composition
100 g of tapioca starch was suspended in 300 mL of water (pH 6.5). 40 units of CGTase obtained according to EXAMPLE 5 were added, and the liquefaction of starch was carried out at 80° C. for about one hour to dextrose equivalent about 15. The pH of reaction mixture was adjusted to pH 2.8 by hydrochloric acid and the mixture was boiled at 100° C. during 5 minutes to inactivate the enzymes. After cooling to 65° C., the pH was adjusted to pH 6.0 with sodium hydroxide solution. 100 g stevia extract produced by PureCircle (JiangXi) Co., Ltd. (China), containing stevioside 29.2%, Rebaudioside A 54.3%, Rebaudioside C 9.0%, Rebaudioside F (1.7%) and other glycosides amounting to total steviol glycosides content of about 96.4% was added to liquefied starch and stirred until a homogeneous solution was obtained. 200 units of CGTase was added to the solution and the mixture was held at a temperature of 65° C. for 24 hours under continuous agitation. The mixture was boiled at 100° C. during 5 minutes to inactivate the enzyme. After cooling to 65° C., 20 grams of activated carbon was added and the mixture was heated to 75° C. and held for 30 minutes. The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was diluted with water to 5% solids content and passed through columns packed with Amberlite FPC23 (H+) and Amberlite FPA51 (OH−) ion exchange resins. The desalted solution was concentrated at 60° C. under vacuum, and dried into a powder form using laboratory spray dryer. 190 grams of product was obtained (Sample 1).
Example 7
Preparation of Glucosyl Rebaudioside C Composition
100 g of tapioca starch was suspended in 300 mL of water (pH 6.5). 40 units of CGTase obtained according to EXAMPLE 5 were added, and the liquefaction of starch was carried out at 80° C. for about one hour to dextrose equivalent about 15. The pH of reaction mixture was adjusted to pH 2.8 by hydrochloric acid and the mixture was boiled at 100° C. during 5 minutes to inactivate the enzymes. After cooling to 65° C., the pH was adjusted to pH 6.0 with sodium hydroxide solution. 100 g of powder with 20.1% rebaudioside C content prepared according to EXAMPLE 1 and also containing Rebaudioside A 14.9%, Stevioside 4.8%, Rebaudioside F 3.1%, of Rebaudioside D 3.5%, was added to liquefied starch and stirred until a homogeneous solution was obtained. 200 units of CGTase was added to the solution and the mixture was held at a temperature of 65° C. for 24 hours under continuous agitation. The mixture was boiled at 100° C. during 5 minutes to inactivate the enzyme. After cooling to 65° C., 20 grams of activated carbon was added and the mixture was heated to 75° C. and held for 30 minutes. The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was diluted with water to 5% solids content and passed through columns packed with Amberlite FPC23 (H+) and Amberlite FPA51 (OH−) ion exchange resins. The desalted solution was concentrated at 60° C. under vacuum, and dried into a powder form using laboratory spray dryer. 191 grams of product was obtained (Sample 2).
Example 8
Analysis of Sample 1 and 2
The HPLC analysis of the Sample 1 and Sample 2 was performed on Agilent Technologies 1200 Series (USA) liquid chromatograph, equipped with Zorbax-NH2 (4.6×250 mm) column. The mobile phase was acetonitrile-water gradient from 80:20, v/v (0-2 min) to 50:50, v/v (2-70 min). A diode array detector set at 210 nm was used as the detector. The results are summarized in Table 2.
TABLE 2
Content, %
Compounds
Sample 1
Sample 2
Stevioside
1.7
0.5
Rebaudioside C
0.9
4.1
Rebaudioside A
3.9
2.1
Glucosyl-Stevioside derivatives*
31.9
15.9
Glucosyl-Rebaudioside A derivatives*
42.1
22.3
Glucosyl-Rebaudioside C derivatives*
7.6
43.4
*Note:
Glucosyl derivatives include glucosylated derivatives of respective steviol glycoside
(stevioside, rebaudioside A and rebaudioside C) containing from 1 to 9 additional glucose residues
Example 9
Low-Calorie Orange Juice Drink
Orange concentrate (35%), citric acid (0.38%), ascorbic acid (0.05%), sodium benzoate (0.02%), orange red color (0.01%), orange flavor (0.20%), and sweetener composition (as per Table 2) were blended and dissolved completely in the water (up to 100%) and pasteurized. The sensory evaluation of the samples by 10 panelists is summarized in Table 3.
TABLE 3
Sample/sweetener
Comments
composition
Flavor
Aftertaste
Mouth feel
Sucrose 5%
Sweet and balanced
Clean taste, no
Full
flavor
aftertaste
Rebaudioside A
Sweet, rounded and
Slight bitter
Acceptable
250 ppm
balanced flavor
aftertaste
Rebaudioside A
Sweet, rounded and
Slight bitter
Acceptable
100 ppm and 50 ppm
balanced flavor
aftertaste
of Sample 1
Rebaudioside A
Pleasant sucrose-
Clean taste, no
Full
100 ppm and 50 ppm
like sweetness,
aftertaste
of Sample 2
balanced flavor
Similarly juices from other fruits, such as apple, lemon, apricot, cherry, pineapple, etc. can be prepared.
Example 10
Low-Calorie Carbonated Drink
Carbonated beverage samples with following composition (Table 4) utilizing different sweetener compositions were prepared.
TABLE 4
Ingredients
Quantity, %
Cola flavor
0.340
Phosphoric acid (85%)
0.100
Sodium citrate
0.310
Sodium benzoate
0.018
Citric acid
0.018
Sweetener composition
see Table 5
Sucrose
6.0%
Carbonated water
to 100
The samples with different sweeteners were evaluated by 10 panelists. Evaluation results are summarized in TABLE 5.
TABLE 5
Sensory
Sweetener composition used in sample (see Table 4)
attribute,
Reb A 100 ppm
Reb A 100 ppm
(number of
Sucrose
Reb A
and 50 ppm of
and 50 ppm of
panelists)
6%
250 ppm
Sample 1
Sample 2
Bitter taste
0
3 of 10
2 of 10
0
panelists
panelists
Astringent
0
2 of 10
1 of 10
0
taste
panelists
panelists
Aftertaste
0
2 of 10
1 of 10
1 of 10
panelists
panelists
panelists
Quality of
Clean
Clean (6 of
Clean (7 of
Clean (9 of
sweetness
10 panelists)
10 panelists)
10 panelists)
Overall
Satisfactory
Satisfactory
Satisfactory
Satisfactory
evaluation
(10 of 10
(8 of 10
(8 of 10
(9 of 10
panelists)
panelists)
panelists)
panelists)
The above results show that the beverages prepared using combination of highly purified Rebaudioside A and Sample 2 possess good organoleptic characteristics.
While the foregoing description and examples describe and enable the present invention, they in no way serve to limit the scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that many other modifications, variations and alternative embodiments of the present invention are possible within the full scope of the present invention, which is set forth in the following claims.
1.PublishNumber: US-2018168211-A1
2.Date Publish: 20180621
3.Inventor: MARKOSYAN, AVETIK
4.Inventor Harmonized: MARKOSYAN AVETIK(AM)
5.Country: US
6.Claims:
(en)The invention provides a process of preparing glucosyl Rebaudioside C composition. The glucosyl rebaudioside C composition is useful as in combination with other caloric and non-caloric sweeteners as well as non caloric sweetener in edible and chewable consumables such as various foods and beverages, confectionaries, bakery products, cookies, chewing gums, and the like.
7.Description:
(en)This application claims priority under 35 U.S.C. § 119(e) from provisional U.S. Patent Application No. 61/827,941 filed May 29, 2013, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. This application is also a continuation-in-part of and claims the benefit of priority to U.S. patent application Ser. No. 13/110,010 filed May 18, 2011 which was published as U.S. 2011/0287164 on Nov. 24, 2011, the contents of which are incorporated herein by reference.
FIELD OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a process for glucosylation of sweet glycosides of Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni plant, and more particularly to a process for glucosylation of Rebaudioside C from Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni plant.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
High intensity sweeteners possess sweetness level many times exceeding that of sucrose. They are essentially non-caloric and used widely in manufacturing of diet and calorie-reduced food. Although natural caloric sweetener such as sucrose, fructose, and glucose provide the most desirable taste to consumers, they are caloric. High intensity sweeteners do not affect the blood glucose level and provide little or no nutritive value.
However, high intensity sweeteners that generally are used as sucrose substitutes possess taste characteristics different than that of sugar, such as sweet taste with different temporal profile, maximal response, flavor profile, mouthfeel, and/or adaptation behavior than that of sugar. For example, the sweet taste of some high-potency sweeteners is slower in onset and longer in duration than that of sugar and thus changes the taste balance of a food composition. Because of these differences, usage of high-potency sweetener in replacing such a bulk sweetener as sugar in a food or beverage causes disbalance in temporal and/or flavor profile. If the taste profile of high-potency sweeteners could be modified to impart desired taste characteristics, it can provide low calorie beverages and food products with taste characteristics more desirable for consumers.
On the other hand, high-potency sweeteners may have some cost and functional advantages compared to sugar. The competition among sugar and non-sugar high-potency sweeteners is tough in soft drinks industry, in countries where their use and production is permitted and also in countries with overvalued sugar prices.
At present high intensity sweeteners are used worldwide. They can be of both synthetic and natural origin.
Non-limiting examples of synthetic sweeteners include sucralose, potassium acesulfame, aspartame, alitame, saccharin, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone synthetic derivatives, cyclamate, neotame, dulcin, suosan, N—[N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)propyl]-L-□-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, N—[N-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenyl)-3-methylbutyl]-L-□-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, N—[N-[3-(3-methoxy-4-hydroxyphenyl)propyl]-L-□-aspartyl]-L-phenylalanine 1-methyl ester, salts thereof, and the like.
Non-limiting examples of natural high intensity sweeteners include Stevioside, Rebaudioside A, Rebaudioside B, Rebaudioside C, Rebaudioside E, Rebaudioside F, Steviolbioside, Dulcoside A, Rubusoside, mogrosides, brazzein, neohesperidin dihydrochalcone (NHDC), glycyrrhizic acid and its salts, thaumatin, perillartine, pernandulcin, mukuroziosides, baiyunoside, phlomisoside-I, dimethyl-hexahydrofluorene-dicarboxylic acid, abrusosides, periandrin, carnosiflosides, cyclocarioside, pterocaryosides, polypodoside A, brazilin, hernandulcin, phillodulcin, glycyphyllin, phlorizin, trilobatin, dihydroflavonol, dihydroquercetin-3-acetate, neoastilibin, trans-cinnamaldehyde, monatin and its salts, selligueain A, hematoxylin, monellin, osladin, pterocaryoside A, pterocaryoside B, mabinlin, pentadin, miraculin, curculin, neoculin, chlorogenic acid, cynarin, siamenoside and others.
At present about eleven high intensity sweeteners are used worldwide. These are acesulfame-K, alitame, aspartame, cyclamate, glycyrrhizin, NHDC, saccharin, Stevioside, sucralose, thaumatin, neotame, and Rebaudioside A.
The standard sweetening power associated with each high intensity sweetener is given in TABLE 1. However, when they are used in blends, the sweetening power can change significantly.
TABLE 1
Sweetener
Sweetness power
Saccharose
1
Acesulfame-K
200
Alitame
2000
Aspartame
200
Cyclamate
30
Glycyrrhizin
50
NHDC
1000
Saccharine
300
Stevioside
200
Rebaudioside A
450
Thaumatin
3000
Sucralose
600
On the other hand, ‘natural’ and ‘organic’ foods and beverages have become the “hottest area” in the food industry. The combination of consumers' desire, advances in food technology, new studies linking diet to disease and disease prevention has created an unprecedented opportunity to address public health through diet and lifestyle.
A growing number of consumers perceive the ability to control their health by enhancing their current health and/or hedging against future diseases. This creates a demand for food products with enhanced characteristics and associated health benefits, specifically a food and consumer market trend towards “whole health solutions” lifestyle. The term “natural” is highly emotive in the world of sweeteners and has been identified as one of key trust, along with “whole grains”, “heart-healthy” and “low-sodium”. ‘Natural’ term is closely related to ‘healthier’.
In this respect, natural high intensity sweeteners can have better commercial potential.
Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni is a perennial shrub of the Asteraceae (Compositae) family native to certain regions of South America. The leaves of the plant contain from 10 to 20% of diterpene glycosides, which are around 150 to 450 times sweeter than sugar. The leaves have been traditionally used for hundreds of years in Paraguay and Brazil to sweeten local teas and medicines.
At present there are more than 230 Stevia species with significant sweetening properties. The plant has been successfully grown under a wide range of conditions from its native subtropics to the cold northern latitudes.
Steviol glycosides have zero calories and can be used wherever sugar is used. They are ideal for diabetic and low calorie diets. In addition, the sweet steviol glycosides possess functional and sensory properties superior to those of many high potency sweeteners.
The extract of Stevia rebaudiana plant contains a mixture of different sweet diterpene glycosides, which have a single base—steviol and differ by the presence of carbohydrate residues at positions C13 and C19. These glycosides accumulate in Stevia leaves and compose approximately 10%-20% of the total dry weight. Typically, on a dry weight basis, the four major glycosides found in the leaves of Stevia are Dulcoside A (0.3%), Rebaudioside C (0.6-1.0%), Rebaudioside A (3.8%) and Stevioside (9.1%). Other glycosides identified in Stevia extract include Rebaudioside B, D, E, and F, Steviolbioside and Rubusoside. Among steviol glycosides only Stevioside and Rebaudioside A are available in commercial scale.
The physical and sensory properties are well studied only for Stevioside and Rebaudioside A. The sweetness potency of Stevioside is around 210 times higher than sucrose, Rebaudioside A in between 200 and 400 times.
Generally production of extract includes extraction of plant material with water or water-organic solvent mixture, precipitation of high molecular weight substances, deionization, and decolorization, purification on specific macroporous polymeric adsorbents, concentration and drying.
Purification techniques include re-crystallization from various organic solvents as well as chromatographic separation. As a result, besides the highly purified steviol glycosides, substantial amount of by products with 65-75% steviol glycosides content is being generated. The amount of such “non-food grade” materials often exceeds the “main” product 2-3 times and there is a certain economic demand for re-processing of these “by-products”. This possesses big technical challenge as the majority of existing commercial purification processes fail to deliver satisfactory results with initial materials containing as low as 65-75% total steviol glycosides.
On the other hand commercial preparations of steviol glycosides such as Stevia Extract, Rebaudioside A possess certain drawbacks substantially limiting their usage in mainstream products.
One of these disadvantages is “so-called” limited maximal response value. This is the maximal sweetness in sugar equivalents achievable by using a high intensity sweetener regardless how high the concentration of the sweetener is. For steviol glycosides this value is approx. 6-8%. This means when used “as-is” steviol glycosides cannot deliver sweetness feeling which is higher than that of 6-8% sucrose solution. Considering that majority of soft drinks contain 10-13% sucrose the usage of steviol glycosides for full sugar substitution is not possible.
It has to be noted that high intensity sweeteners' taste profile is highly dependant on the concentration and usually the higher the concentration the higher the sensation of undesirable taste components such as bitterness, licorice, lingering aftertaste. This phenomenon limits the usage of steviol glycosides further to 4-5% sucrose equivalents in order to achieve pleasant taste of a food or beverage sweetened with stevia sweeteners.
Rebaudioside C or Reb C (CAS No: 63550-99-2), also known as Dulcoside B, is the third most abundant sweet glycoside found in Stevia rebaudiana . Nevertheless its isolation and purification are one of the most challenging compared to other glycosides. Few descriptions exist in literature of processes yielding high purity Rebaudioside C.
Recent studies show that highly purified forms of Rebaudioside C possess certain valuable properties. Particularly Rebaudioside C is capable to deliver flavor and sweetness enhancing properties.
These properties multiply the significance of Rebaudioside C and attract great interest for processes of preparation of highly purified forms of Rebaudioside C.
There are few processes described in the prior arts for Rebaudioside C preparation.
U.S. Pat. No. 4,353,889 describes a process of preparation of a substance referred as “Rebaudioside C”. According to the embodiment of the patent, Rebaudioside A is refluxed with strong base in aqueous methanol medium at elevated temperature. Upon completion of the reaction the mixture is cooled and acidified with sulfuric acid to yield the base hydrolysis product called “Rebaudioside C” with 99% purity. It has to be noted that the chemical formula of the compound given in the patent actually corresponds to substance currently known to art as Rebaudioside B (CAS No: 58543-17-2).
Stevia rebaudiana aqueous extract was re-crystallized from methanol-ethanol mixture and Reb C was recovered from obtained mixture by chromatography on silica gel (Kobayashi et al., 1977). The process employs chromatographic separation which is not suitable for application in commercial scale.
Stevia rebaudiana methanolic extract was re-crystallized from methanol and Reb C was recovered from obtained mother liquor by chromatography on silica gel (Sakamoto et al., 1977). Using chromatographic separation stage in process makes it difficult to apply in commercial scale.
Most of the existing processes of highly purified Reb C preparation employ techniques which are only applicable for laboratory or pilot scale production.
On the other hand there's no information about the properties of glucosylated Reb C. To our knowledge, there is no published data on the glucosylation of Reb C.
Hence, there is a need for a simple, efficient, and economical process for production of glucosylated steviol glycosides compositions comprising Reb C.
DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURE
FIG. 1 shows the chemical structure of Rebaudioside C.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
The invention relates to a process for glucosylation of sweet glycosides from Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni plant, and more particularly to a process for glucosylation of Rebaudioside C.
The primary objective of the invention is to develop an efficient process of glucosylating different steviol glycosides particularly Reb C from Stevia extract.
According to the present invention the glucosylation of Reb C was developed from steviol glycosides compositions comprising at least 20% on dry basis Reb C.
In one embodiment, the process comprises steps of:
a. providing an steviol glycosides composition comprising at least 20% of Reb C on anhydrous basis;
b. providing a donor of glucose residues;
c. dissolving the steviol glycosides composition and glucose residues donor in water;
d. adding an enzyme capable of transferring glucose residues from glucose residue donor molecule to Reb C molecule;
e. incubating the reaction mixture to obtain a glucosyl Reb C composition comprising at least 20% glucosyl Reb C and 0-20% unmodified Reb C, all percentages being on anhydrous wt/wt basis.
One aspect of the present invention provides a product comprising glucosyl Reb C composition from 0.1 ppm to 100,000 ppm, wherein the product is selected from the group consisting of food, beverage, pharmaceutical composition, tobacco, nutraceutical, oral hygienic composition, cosmetics or any other chewable, edible or drinkable consumable.
Another aspect of the present invention provides a sweetener or flavoring composition comprising glucosyl Reb C composition.
In another embodiment, the sweetener composition further comprises Rebaudioside A, enzymatically modified stevia , Rebaudioside D, a mixture of steviol glycosides with more than 95% (on dry basis) total steviol glycosides content, high intensity sweetener and natural flavor compound, caloric sweetener, or sucrose.
In another embodiment, the sweetener or flavoring composition further comprises one natural high intensity sweetener selected from the group consisting of: steviol glycosides including a purified sweet steviol glycoside mixture, stevioside, rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside C, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside F, dulcoside A, dulcoside B, rubusoside, stevia , alpha-glucosyl stevia , fructosyl stevia , galactosyl stevia , beta-glucosyl stevia ; siamenoside; mogroside IV; mogroside V; Luo Han Guo sweetener; monatin and its salts (monatin SS, RR, RS, SR); glycyrrhizic acid and its salts; curculin; thaumatin; monellin; mabinlin; brazzein; hernandulcin; phyllodulcin; glycyphyllin; phloridzin; trilobatin; baiyunoside; osladin; polypodoside A; pterocaryoside A; pterocaryoside B; mukurozioside; phlomisoside I; periandrin I; abrusoside A; cyclocarioside I; and combinations thereof.
It is to be understood that the foregoing descriptions and specific embodiments shown herein are merely illustrative of the best mode of the invention and the principles thereof, and that modifications and additions may be easily made by those skilled in the art without departing for the spirit and scope of the invention, which is therefore understood to be limited only by the scope of the appended claims.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
Advantages of the present invention will become more apparent from the detailed description given hereinafter. However, it should be understood that the detailed description and specific examples, while indicating preferred embodiments of the invention, are given by way of illustration only, since various changes and modifications within the spirit and scope of the invention will become apparent to those skilled in the art from this detailed description.
According to the present invention the glucosylation of Reb C was developed from starting material comprising steviol glycosides with at least 20% on dry basis Reb C content.
In one embodiment, the process comprises steps of:
a. providing a steviol glycosides composition comprising at least 20% of Reb C on anhydrous basis;
b. providing a donor of glucose residues;
c. dissolving the steviol glycosides composition and glucose residues donor in water;
d. adding an enzyme capable of transferring glucose residues from glucose residues donor molecule to Reb C molecule;
e. incubating the reaction mixture to obtain a glucosyl Reb C composition comprising at least 20% glucosyl Reb C and 0-20% unmodified Reb C, all percentages being on anhydrous wt/wt basis.
In one embodiment the steviol glycosides composition of step (a) contains 20-30%, or 30-40%, or 40-60%, or 60-70%, or 70-80%, or 80-90%, or 90-100% Reb C, preferably 20-40% Reb C (wt/wt anhydrous basis).
In another embodiment the donor of glucose residues in step (b) is selected from group including but not limited to starch, liquefied starch, hydrolyzed starch, partially hydrolyzed starch, maltodextrin, maltooligosaccharides, cyclodextrins, and other compounds known in prior art to be used as glucose residue donor in glucosylation reactions.
Yet in another embodiment the (wt/wt) ratio of initial steviol glycoside composition and glucose residues donor is ranging from 1:1,000 to 1,000:1. Preferably from 2:1, or 1:1, or 1:2.
In one embodiment the total solids content of the solution obtained in step (c) by dissolving steviol glycosides composition and glucose residues donor in water, ranges from 0.1% to 99%, preferably 30-40%.
In one embodiment the enzyme of step (d) is cyclomaltodextrin glucanotransferase (CGTase, EC 2.4.1.19). The enzyme may be added by several batches throughout the process or by one batch.
In another embodiment the enzyme of step (d) is selected from group including but not limited to immobilized enzyme, crude enzyme, purified enzyme, semi-purified enzyme, stabilized enzyme, preserved enzyme, live microbial cell, microbial cell lysate, immobilized microbial cell, or any other form of biocatalyst known to art.
In one embodiment the process is carried out as batch process. However any other type of process known to art, including but not limited to continuous process, semi-batch process etc can be utilized as well
Yet in another embodiment the glucosyl Reb C composition of step (e) comprises, Reb C, mono-glucosyl Reb C, di-glucosyl Reb C, tri-glucosyl Reb C, tetra-glucosyl Reb C, penta-glucosyl Reb C, hexa-glucosyl Reb C, hepta-glucosyl Reb C, octa-glucosyl Reb C, nona-glucosyl Reb C, deca-glucosyl Reb C, and higher glucosyl derivatives of reb C and mixtures thereof.
In another embodiment the glucosyl Reb C composition of step (e) comprises, also Reb A, mono-glucosyl Reb A, di-glucosyl Reb A, tri-glucosyl Reb A, tetra-glucosyl Reb A, penta-glucosyl Reb A, hexa-glucosyl Reb A, hepta-glucosyl Reb A, octa-glucosyl Reb A, nona-glucosyl Reb A, deca-glucosyl Reb A, and higher glucosyl derivatives of reb A and mixtures thereof.
In another embodiment the glucosyl Reb C composition of step (e) comprises, also stevioside, mono-glucosyl stevioside, di-glucosyl stevioside, tri-glucosyl stevioside, tetra-glucosyl stevioside, penta-glucosyl stevioside, hexa-glucosyl stevioside, hepta-glucosyl stevioside, octa-glucosyl stevioside, nona-glucosyl stevioside, deca-glucosyl stevioside, and higher glucosyl derivatives of stevioside and mixtures thereof.
In another embodiment, the process further comprises one or more steps listed below executed in any order and number of repeats:
f. inactivating the enzyme by heat treatment or any other method known to art,
g. passing the glucosyl Reb C composition through ion exchange resin(s), such as anion exchange or cation exchange resins,
h. passing the glucosyl Reb C composition through a membrane or filter with a pore size ranging from 1 Angstrom to 1,000 micrometers. Non limiting examples of membranes include reverse osmosis membranes, nanofiltration, ultrafiltration, microfiltration membranes etc,
i. contacting the glucosyl Reb C composition to activated carbon or any other agent known to have decolorizing effect,
j. additionally treating the glucosyl Reb C composition with enzyme(s) selected from the group including but not limited to CGTase, alpha amylase, beta amylase, glucoamylase or any other enzyme known to have hydrolytic or transglycosidase effect,
k. subjecting the glucosyl Reb C composition to any type of chromatographic separation known to art, including but not limited, ion exchange chromatography, adsorption chromatography, simulated moving bed (SMB) chromatography etc. The chromatographic system used in chromatographic separation may comprise 1-16 chromatographic columns packed with activated carbon, bentonite, zeolite, modified silicagel, unmodified silicagel, ion exchange resins, polymeric adsorbents, macroporous adsorbents, DVB resins, acrylic resins etc. The separation may be carried out by mobile phase comprising ethyl acetate, n-propanol, iso-propanol, acetone, ethanol, methanol, acetontrile, water. Any other chromatographic system and media known to those skilled in art can be used to conduct the separation,
l. producing particles from glucosyl Reb C composition ranging from 0.0001 micron to 1 cm,
m. producing various polymorphic forms from glucosyl Reb C composition, which differ from each other by X-ray diffraction trace, physico-chemical and organoleptic characteristics,
n. passing the glucosyl Reb C composition through any known macroporous adsorption resin and eluting the adsorbed glycosides by aqueous alcohol comprising 0.01% to 100% alcohol. Non limiting examples of alcohol include methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, iso-propanol etc,
o. drying the glucosyl Reb C composition, by spray dryer, flash dryer, vacuum dryer belt dryer, fluid bed dryer, freeze dryer, or any other drying apparatus known to dry a liquid into dry form,
p. crystallizing the glucosyl Reb C composition from water, organic solvents or aqueous organic solvent to separate its components,
q. liquefying the glucose residues donor by any enzyme known to have such effect,
r. subjecting the glucosyl reb C composition to any type of extraction, including but not limited to, solid-liquid extraction, liquid-liquid extraction etc.
The HPLC analysis of initial steviol glycosides composition was carried out using an Agilent Technologies 1200 Series (USA) equipped with Zorbax-NH2 column (4.6×250 mm, 5 um) using acetonitrile-water 80:20, (v/v) mobile phase and UV detector at 210 nm as described in FAO JECFA Monographs 5 (2008).
The HPLC analysis of the glucosyl steviol glycoside and glucosyl Reb C compositions was performed on Agilent Technologies 1200 Series (USA) liquid chromatograph, equipped with Zorbax-NH2 (4.6×250 mm) column. The mobile phase was acetonitrile-water gradient from 80:20, v/v (0-2 min) to 50:50, v/v (2-70 min). A diode array detector set at 210 nm was used as the detector.
The obtained glucosyl Reb C compositions can be used as sweetness enhancer, flavor enhancer and sweetener in various food and beverage products. Non-limiting examples of food and beverage products include carbonated soft drinks, ready to drink beverages, energy drinks, isotonic drinks, low-calorie drinks, zero-calorie drinks, sports drinks, teas, fruit and vegetable juices, juice drinks, dairy drinks, yoghurt drinks, alcohol beverages, powdered beverages, bakery products, cookies, biscuits, baking mixes, cereals, confectioneries, candies, toffees, chewing gum, dairy products, flavored milk, yoghurts, flavored yoghurts, cultured milk, soy sauce and other soy base products, salad dressings, mayonnaise, vinegar, frozen-desserts, meat products, fish-meat products, bottled and canned foods, tabletop sweeteners, fruits and vegetables.
Additionally the glucosyl Reb C compositions can be used in drug or pharmaceutical preparations and cosmetics, including but not limited to toothpaste, mouthwash, cough syrup, chewable tablets, lozenges, vitamin preparations, and the like.
The compositions can be used “as-is” or in combination with other sweeteners, flavors and food ingredients.
Non-limiting examples of sweeteners include steviol glycosides, stevioside, rebaudioside A, rebaudioside B, rebaudioside C, rebaudioside D, rebaudioside E, rebaudioside F, dulcoside A, steviolbioside, rubusoside, as well as other steviol glycosides found in Stevia rebaudiana Bertoni plant and mixtures thereof, stevia extract, Luo Han Guo extract, mogrosides, high-fructose corn syrup, corn syrup, invert sugar, fructooligosaccharides, inulin, inulooligosaccharides, coupling sugar, maltooligosaccharides, maltodextins, corn syrup solids, glucose, maltose, sucrose, lactose, aspartame, saccharin, sucralose, sugar alcohols.
Non-limiting examples of flavors include lemon, orange, fruity, banana, grape, pear, pineapple, bitter almond, cola, cinnamon, sugar, cotton candy, vanilla flavors.
Non-limiting examples of other food ingredients include flavors, acidulants, organic and amino acids, coloring agents, bulking agents, modified starches, gums, texturizers, preservatives, antioxidants, emulsifiers, stabilisers, thickeners, gelling agents.
The following examples illustrate preferred embodiments of the invention.
Example 1
Preparation of Rebaudioside C
10 kg of stevia extract containing 10.1% (on dry basis) rebaudioside C was dissolved in 30 liters of 95% ethanol at 40° C. and cooled to 20° C. 5 g of highly purified rebaudioside A crystals were added as starter and the mixture was further incubated for 2 hours. The crystals of rebaudioside A (with 95.4% (on dry basis) rebaudioside A content) were separated and the filtrate was dried to obtain 4.9 kg powder with 20.1% rebaudioside C content.
The powder was dissolved in 15 liters of 90% methanol solution at 45° C. and cooled to 20° C. 2 g of highly purified Stevioside was added as a starter and the mixture was incubated for 48 hrs. Then the mixture was filtered to obtain 15 liters of filtrate and 4.8 kg of wet crystals. The filtrate was mixed with 15 liters of ethanol and seeded with 2 g of high purity rebaudiside A as a starter. Then it was incubated for 24 hours at 10° C. for crystallization. Precipitated crystals were separated and dried to result in 0.25 kg of dry powder with 39.8% rebaudioside C content. The crystals were suspended in 0.5 liters of 80% ethanol solution and incubated at 35° C. for 2 hours. After incubation the crystals were separated and dried to yield 111.3 g of rebaudioside A with 97.1% purity. The filtrate was dried to obtain 138 g powder with 70.9% rebaudioside C content.
Example 2
Purification of Rebaudioside C
100 g of rebaudioside C prepared as per EXAMPLE 1 with 70.9% rebaudioside C content was dissolved in 200 mL of 90% methanol at 50° C. and cooled down to 10° C. 0.5 g of high purity rebaudioside A was added and the mixture was incubated at 10° C. for 24 hours. The mixture was filtered to separate the crystals. The crystals were dried to yield 19.1 g of Rebaudioside A with 97.3% purity. The filtrate was dried to yield 80.7 g of rebaudioside C with 87.6% purity.
Example 3
Refining of Rebaudioside C by Re-Crystallization
100 g of rebaudioside C prepared as per EXAMPLE 2 was dissolved in 200 mL of 99% Methanol at 50° C. and cooled down to 5° C. 1 g of highly purified rebaudioside C was added as starter and the mixture was incubated at 5° C. for 24 hours. The crystals were separated by filtration and dried under vacuum at 55° C. to yield 80.3 g of rebaudioside C with 98.1% purity.
Example 4
Refining of Rebaudioside C by Chromatography
10 g of rebaudioside C prepared according to EXAMPLE 2 was dissolved in 20 mL of solvent comprising ethylacetate, n-propanol, ethanol and water with 7:2:0.5:0.5 ratio. A glass column (60×2.5 cm) packed with Kieselgel 60 (Merck, Germany) was equilibrated with mobile phase comprising ethylacetate, n-propanol, ethanol and water with 7:2:0.5:0.5 ratio and the sample was passed through the column at SV=1.0 hr−1. The fractions with high rebaudioside C content were combined and dried to yield 7.5 g of rebaudioside C with 98.0% purity.
Example 5
Preparation of CGTase
A strain of Bacillus stearothermophilus St-88 was inoculated in 2,000 liters of sterilized culture medium containing 1.0% starch, 0.25% corn extract, 0.5% (NH4)2SO4, and 0.2% CaCO3 (pH 7.0-7.5) at 56° C. for 24 hrs with continuous aeration (2,000 L/min) and agitation (150 rpm). The obtained culture broth was filtered using Kerasep 0.1 μm ceramic membrane (Novasep, France) to separate the cells. The cell-free permeate was further concentrated 2-fold on Persep 10 kDa ultrafilters (Orelis, France). The activity of the enzyme was determined according to Hale, Rawlins (1951). A crude enzyme preparation with activity of about 2 unit/mL was obtained.
Example 6
Preparation of Glucosyl Stevia Composition
100 g of tapioca starch was suspended in 300 mL of water (pH 6.5). 40 units of CGTase obtained according to EXAMPLE 5 were added, and the liquefaction of starch was carried out at 80° C. for about one hour to dextrose equivalent about 15. The pH of reaction mixture was adjusted to pH 2.8 by hydrochloric acid and the mixture was boiled at 100° C. during 5 minutes to inactivate the enzymes. After cooling to 65° C., the pH was adjusted to pH 6.0 with sodium hydroxide solution. 100 g stevia extract produced by PureCircle (JiangXi) Co., Ltd. (China), containing stevioside 29.2%, Rebaudioside A 54.3%, Rebaudioside C 9.0%, Rebaudioside F (1.7%) and other glycosides amounting to total steviol glycosides content of about 96.4% was added to liquefied starch and stirred until a homogeneous solution was obtained. 200 units of CGTase was added to the solution and the mixture was held at a temperature of 65° C. for 24 hours under continuous agitation. The mixture was boiled at 100° C. during 5 minutes to inactivate the enzyme. After cooling to 65° C., 20 grams of activated carbon was added and the mixture was heated to 75° C. and held for 30 minutes. The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was diluted with water to 5% solids content and passed through columns packed with Amberlite FPC23 (H+) and Amberlite FPA51 (OH−) ion exchange resins. The desalted solution was concentrated at 60° C. under vacuum, and dried into a powder form using laboratory spray dryer. 190 grams of product was obtained (Sample 1).
Example 7
Preparation of Glucosyl Rebaudioside C Composition
100 g of tapioca starch was suspended in 300 mL of water (pH 6.5). 40 units of CGTase obtained according to EXAMPLE 5 were added, and the liquefaction of starch was carried out at 80° C. for about one hour to dextrose equivalent about 15. The pH of reaction mixture was adjusted to pH 2.8 by hydrochloric acid and the mixture was boiled at 100° C. during 5 minutes to inactivate the enzymes. After cooling to 65° C., the pH was adjusted to pH 6.0 with sodium hydroxide solution. 100 g of powder with 20.1% rebaudioside C content prepared according to EXAMPLE 1 and also containing Rebaudioside A 14.9%, Stevioside 4.8%, Rebaudioside F 3.1%, of Rebaudioside D 3.5%, was added to liquefied starch and stirred until a homogeneous solution was obtained. 200 units of CGTase was added to the solution and the mixture was held at a temperature of 65° C. for 24 hours under continuous agitation. The mixture was boiled at 100° C. during 5 minutes to inactivate the enzyme. After cooling to 65° C., 20 grams of activated carbon was added and the mixture was heated to 75° C. and held for 30 minutes. The mixture was filtered and the filtrate was diluted with water to 5% solids content and passed through columns packed with Amberlite FPC23 (H+) and Amberlite FPA51 (OH−) ion exchange resins. The desalted solution was concentrated at 60° C. under vacuum, and dried into a powder form using laboratory spray dryer. 191 grams of product was obtained (Sample 2).
Example 8
Analysis of Sample 1 and 2
The HPLC analysis of the Sample 1 and Sample 2 was performed on Agilent Technologies 1200 Series (USA) liquid chromatograph, equipped with Zorbax-NH2 (4.6×250 mm) column. The mobile phase was acetonitrile-water gradient from 80:20, v/v (0-2 min) to 50:50, v/v (2-70 min). A diode array detector set at 210 nm was used as the detector. The results are summarized in Table 2.
TABLE 2
Content, %
Compounds
Sample 1
Sample 2
Stevioside
1.7
0.5
Rebaudioside C
0.9
4.1
Rebaudioside A
3.9
2.1
Glucosyl-Stevioside derivatives*
31.9
15.9
Glucosyl-Rebaudioside A derivatives*
42.1
22.3
Glucosyl-Rebaudioside C derivatives*
7.6
43.4
*Note:
Glucosyl derivatives include glucosylated derivatives of respective steviol glycoside
(stevioside, rebaudioside A and rebaudioside C) containing from 1 to 9 additional glucose residues
Example 9
Low-Calorie Orange Juice Drink
Orange concentrate (35%), citric acid (0.38%), ascorbic acid (0.05%), sodium benzoate (0.02%), orange red color (0.01%), orange flavor (0.20%), and sweetener composition (as per Table 2) were blended and dissolved completely in the water (up to 100%) and pasteurized. The sensory evaluation of the samples by 10 panelists is summarized in Table 3.
TABLE 3
Sample/sweetener
Comments
composition
Flavor
Aftertaste
Mouth feel
Sucrose 5%
Sweet and balanced
Clean taste, no
Full
flavor
aftertaste
Rebaudioside A
Sweet, rounded and
Slight bitter
Acceptable
250 ppm
balanced flavor
aftertaste
Rebaudioside A
Sweet, rounded and
Slight bitter
Acceptable
100 ppm and 50 ppm
balanced flavor
aftertaste
of Sample 1
Rebaudioside A
Pleasant sucrose-
Clean taste, no
Full
100 ppm and 50 ppm
like sweetness,
aftertaste
of Sample 2
balanced flavor
Similarly juices from other fruits, such as apple, lemon, apricot, cherry, pineapple, etc. can be prepared.
Example 10
Low-Calorie Carbonated Drink
Carbonated beverage samples with following composition (Table 4) utilizing different sweetener compositions were prepared.
TABLE 4
Ingredients
Quantity, %
Cola flavor
0.340
Phosphoric acid (85%)
0.100
Sodium citrate
0.310
Sodium benzoate
0.018
Citric acid
0.018
Sweetener composition
see Table 5
Sucrose
6.0%
Carbonated water
to 100
The samples with different sweeteners were evaluated by 10 panelists. Evaluation results are summarized in TABLE 5.
TABLE 5
Sensory
Sweetener composition used in sample (see Table 4)
attribute,
Reb A 100 ppm
Reb A 100 ppm
(number of
Sucrose
Reb A
and 50 ppm of
and 50 ppm of
panelists)
6%
250 ppm
Sample 1
Sample 2
Bitter taste
0
3 of 10
2 of 10
0
panelists
panelists
Astringent
0
2 of 10
1 of 10
0
taste
panelists
panelists
Aftertaste
0
2 of 10
1 of 10
1 of 10
panelists
panelists
panelists
Quality of
Clean
Clean (6 of
Clean (7 of
Clean (9 of
sweetness
10 panelists)
10 panelists)
10 panelists)
Overall
Satisfactory
Satisfactory
Satisfactory
Satisfactory
evaluation
(10 of 10
(8 of 10
(8 of 10
(9 of 10
panelists)
panelists)
panelists)
panelists)
The above results show that the beverages prepared using combination of highly purified Rebaudioside A and Sample 2 possess good organoleptic characteristics.
While the foregoing description and examples describe and enable the present invention, they in no way serve to limit the scope of the present invention. Those skilled in the art will appreciate that many other modifications, variations and alternative embodiments of the present invention are possible within the full scope of the present invention, which is set forth in the following claims.
You are contracting for Glucosyl rebaudioside c
Expert Glucosyl rebaudioside c
You are commenting for Glucosyl rebaudioside c