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Tiếng Việt
(en)Binuclear N-heterocyclic N,N''-diglycidyl compounds are produced by the reaction at elevated temperature of 1 mole of a dialcohol, e.g. polypropylene glycol, with 2 moles of an epoxyisocyanate, the latter being obtained by the reaction of 1 mole of a polyisocyanate, e.g. isophoronediisocyanate, with 1 mole of an Nheterocyclic monoglycidyl compound, e.g. 3-glycidyl-5,5dimethylhydantoin. Example: The new compound. WHEREIN N HAS AN AVERAGE VALUE OF 7. The N,N''-diglycidyl compounds can be cured with epoxide resin curing agents to obtain moulded objects and coatings having good mechanical properties.
1.ApplicationNumber: US-19898971-A
1.PublishNumber: US-3846442-A
2.Date Publish: 19741105
3.Inventor: HABERMEIER J,CH
PORRET D,CH
4.Inventor Harmonized: HABERMEIER J()
PORRET D()
5.Country: US
6.Claims:
(en)Binuclear N-heterocyclic N,N''-diglycidyl compounds are produced by the reaction at elevated temperature of 1 mole of a dialcohol, e.g. polypropylene glycol, with 2 moles of an epoxyisocyanate, the latter being obtained by the reaction of 1 mole of a polyisocyanate, e.g. isophoronediisocyanate, with 1 mole of an Nheterocyclic monoglycidyl compound, e.g. 3-glycidyl-5,5dimethylhydantoin. Example: The new compound. WHEREIN N HAS AN AVERAGE VALUE OF 7. The N,N''-diglycidyl compounds can be cured with epoxide resin curing agents to obtain moulded objects and coatings having good mechanical properties.
7.Description:
(en)United States Patent [191 Habermeier et al.
[451 Nov. 5, 1974 GLYCIDYL HYDANTOIN COMPOUNDS [75] Inventors: Juergen Habermeier, Pfeffingen;
Daniel Porret, Binningen, both of Switzerland [73] Assignee: Ciba-Geigy AG, Basle, Switzerland [22] Filed: Nov. 15, 1971 [21] Appl. No: 198,989
[30] Foreign Application Priority Data Nov. 17, 1970 Switzerland 16964/70 FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS 1,523,597 3/1968' Belgium 260/309.2
OTHER PUBLICATIONS Degering, An Outline of Organic Nitrogen Compounds, page 532, Ypsilanti, Mich., Univ. Lithoprinters, 1950. QD251.D4.
Wagner et al., Synthetic Organic Chemistry, page 645, N.Y., Wiley, 1953. QD262.W24.
Primary Examiner-Natalie Trousof [57] ABSTRACT Binuclear N-heterocyclic N,N'-dig1ycidyl compounds are produced by the reaction at elevated temperature of 1 mole of a dialcohol, e.g. polypropylene glycol, with 2 moles of an epoxyisocyanate, the latter'being obtained by the reaction of 1 mole of a polyisocyanate, e.g. isophoronediisocyanate, with 1 mole of an N-heterocyclic monoglycidyl compound, e.g. 3-
[51] Int. Cl (3071 14952 glycidyl-S,S-dimethylhydantoin. Example: The new [58] Field of Search.. 260/309.5 compound.
cm I V m 56 on: I
H 0 CH 5 H30 01-1, H30 5 3 H CH3 H O\C/ 0 CI z-- N N CH"' H 0 CH: 0 -qlz-ll-IQ I l-CH:
E -0-(O-CH:-0 )nOC-N I 0 (1g wherein n has an average valueof 7.
The N,N-diglycidyl compounds can be cured with epoxide resin curing agents to obtain moulded objects and coatings having good mechanical properties.
i 7 Claims, No Drawings GLYCIDYL I-IYDANTOIN COMPOUNDS The present invention relates to new binuclear N- heterocyclic N,N-diglycidyl compounds of the forcycloaliphatic-aliphatic, araliphaticor heterocyclicaliphatic dialcohol.
In the above formula (I), A, and A each preferably represent a bivalent aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, cycloaliphatic-aliphatic, arallphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radical, or a bivalent N-heterocyclic-aliphatic radical; R, and R preferably represent hydrogen atoms or lower alkyl radicals having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or R, and R together represent the tetramethylene or pentamethylene radical; R R R and R preferably represent hydrogen atoms or lower alkyl radicals having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; and X, and X are preferably hydrogen atoms.
At room temperature, the new N,N'-diglycidyl compounds of formula (I) are, as a rule, viscous to solid resins, which can be processed, as they are or in admixture with reactive diluting agents, with the use of conventional curing agents for epoxide resins, such as dicarboxylic acid anhydrides or polyamines, to obtain moulded shapes possessing good mechanical and electrical properties.
Preferred fields of application, besides the castingresin field, are those of powder resins such as in the case of whirl sinter powders and moulding powders.
The new diepoxides of formula (I) can be produced according to the invention by the reaction, with heating, of 1 mole of a dialcohol of the formula:
with 2 moles of an expoxisocyanate ofthe formula:
mula: 5 0 1'1 l (Ina)- 7 7 /O (]3-%r Z2 O oH,-ooH,-N /NCNA1-NC-O-BOCNAz-N-CI l' I ICH1C CI-Iz e l liI l l I, I ll 1 X;
b b (I) 15 or of the formula: I wherein A, and A each represent a bivalent aliphatic, V O r cycloaliphatic, cycloaliphatic-aliphatic, araliphatic, arg T? omatic or heterocyclic-aliphatic radical; Z, and Z each C stand for a bivalent radical of the formula: X2 0 H 20 (11119) R R wherein the symbols A,, A 2,, 2,, x,, X -and B have the same meanings as in formula (I). In this manner are R= obtained symmetrically formed diepoxides of formula 25 (I). Unsymmetrically formed diepoxides (I) can be obtained, e.g. by reacting the dialcohol of formula (II) with a mixture of two different epoxyisocyanates of formulae (Illa) and (IIIb).
The reaction of the dialcohols (II) with the epoxyisocyanates (III) is advantageously performed with the exclusion of atmospheric moisture and in the temperature range of 60200C, preferably at temperatures of l50C, for, e.g. 2 to 20 hours. The process can be carried out in the presence of solvents or without so]- vents. Suitable dialcohols of formula (II) are, in particular, those of the aliphatic, cycloaliphatic and heterocyclic-aliphatic series.
The following are mentioned as dialcohols of the allphatic series: ethylene glycol, l,2 propanediol, 1,3- propanediol, l',4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, neopentyl glycol, 1,6-hexanediol, l,7-heptanediol, 1,8- octandeiol, 1,9-nonanediol, l, lO-decandeiol, undecanediol, l,l2-dodecandediol, 1,6-dihydroxy- 2,2,4-trimethylhexane, l,6-deihydroxy-2,4,4- trimethylhexane, 1,4-butenediol; polyether glycols such as diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, polyethylene glycols and polypropylene glycols of average molecular weight of 250 to 2,500, polybutylene glycols and polyhexanediols; hydroxypolyesters such as hydroxypivalic acid neopentyl glycol diester.
Mentioned as dialcohols of the cycloaliphatic series are: l,l-, 1,2-, 1,3- and l,4-bis(hydroxymethyl) cycloclo-(5.2.l.0 )decane-3,9- or -4,8-diol, adducts of glycols with diallylidenepentaerythrite, e.g. 3,9-bis- (hydroxyethoxyethyl)-spirobi(metadioxane).
Suitable dialcohols of the heterocyclic-aliphatic series are, in particular, the addition products of at least 2 moles of an alkene oxide such as ethylene oxide, propene oxide, 1,2-butene oxide or styrene oxide with l bis(4-hydroxycyclohexyl)- mole of a mononuclear or polynuclear N-heterocyclic compound having two endocyclic Nil-groups such as, in particular, hydantoin and its derivatives, dihydrouracil and its derivatives, barbituric acid and its derivatives, bishydantoins and bis-dihydrouracils. The following are listed: 1,3-di-( B-hydroxyethyD-S ,S-dimethylhydantoin, 1 ,3-di-( B-hydroxyethyD-S-phenyl-5-ethylbarbituric -ethylbarbituric acid, 1,3-di-( B-hydroxy-n-propyD-S,S-dimethylhydantoin, 1,3-di-( B-hydroxy-n-propyD-S,S-diethylbarbituric acid, 1,3-di-( B-hydroxyethyoxyethoxyethyl)-5 ,5- dimethylhydantoin, 1,3-di-( B-hydroxy-n-propyl)-5-isopropylhydantoin, l,3-di-( B-hydroxy-n-propyl)-5,5-diethylhydantoin, l,3-di-( B-hydroxy-n-propyl)-5-ethyl-5- methylhydantoin, l,3-di-(B-hydroxyethyl)-5,5- diemthyl-6-isopropyl-5,6-dihydrouracil, 1,3-.di-( B-hydroxy-n-propyU-S,S-dimethyl-S-isopropyl- 5,6-dihydrouracil, l,3-di-( 2 '-hydroxy-n-butyl )-5,5-dimethy1hydantoin, l,3-di-(B-hydroxy-B-phenylethyl)-5,5- I dimethylhydantoin, l,3-di-( B-hydroxy-B-phenylethyl)-6-methyluracil, l,3-di-(B-hydroxy-B-phenylethyl)-5,5-dimethyl-6- isopropyl-S,-dihydrouracil, l ,3-di-(B-h ydroxy-B-phenylethoxyafl-phenylethoxy-flphenylethyl)-5,5-dimethylhydantoin, 1,3-di-( B-hydroxy-B-phenylethyl)-5- isopropylhydantoin, l,3-di-( B-hydroxy-B-phenylethyl)-5-ethyl-5'- phenylbarbituric acid, 1,1'-methylene-bis-(3-B-hydroxyethyl-5,5- dimethylhydantoin), 1,1'-methylene-bis-(3-/3-hydroxyethyoxyethoxyethyl- 5,5-dimethylhydantoin), 1,1-methylene-bis-(3-B-hydroxy-n-propyl-5,5- dimethylhydantoin), 1,1-methylene-bis-(3-fi hydroxyethyl-5,S-dimethyl- 5,6-dihydrouraci1), I Y l,4-bis-( l '-B'-hydroxyethyl-5, 5'-dimethylhydantoin l-3')-butane, l,6-bis-( 1 -B-hydroxyethyl-5',5 '-dimethylhydantoinyl- 3')-hexane, 1,6-bis-(1-B-hydroxy-n-propyl-5,5'- dimethylhydantoinyl-3)-hexane, 1,1'-methylene-bis-(3-fl-hydroxypropyl-5- isopropylhydantoin), 1 1,1 '-methylene-bis-( 3-B-hydroxy-n-propyl-5,S-dimethyl-5,6-dihydrouracil), 1,1'-methylene-bis-(3-(2"-hydroxy-n-butyl)-5,5- dimethyl-hydantoin), 1,6-bis-(1'-(2"-hydroxy-n-butyl)-5', dimethylhydantoinyl-3)-hexane, B, B-bis-'( 1-(2'-hydroxy-n-butyl)-5,5- diemthylhydantoinyl-3)-diethyl ether, 1,1 '-methylene-bis-( 3-(B-hydroxy-B-phenylethyl))- 5,5-dimethylhydantoin.
The epoxyisocyanates of formulae (III a) and (111 b) are new compounds. They can be produced by the reaction, with heating, of 1 mole of a diisocyanate of the formula: 3
ocN-A,-Nc0 Na.- and OCN-A -NCO 1V b.
with 1 mole of an N-heterocyclic monoglycidyl compound of the formula:
i HN N oH,( JoHi and W k 4 HN N-CH, J CH2 fi X2 respectively, wherein A A Z Z X and X have the same meanings as in formula (I).
The reaction of the diisocyanates (IV a) and (IV b) with the monoglycidyl compounds Va and Vb respectively is performed under reaction conditions analogous to the reaction of the dialcohols of formula (11) with the epoxyisocyanates of formulae (111 a) or (111 b). It is advantageous to react the diisocyanates' with the N-heterocyclic monoglycidyl compounds in the stoichiometrical quantity ratio (molar ratio 1:1); it is also possible, however, to use the diisocyanates' in a stoichiometric excess, so that in the reaction mixture the molar ratio of the N-heterocyclic compound to the diisocyanate can be 1:1 to, eg 1:5.
Noprotection is claimed here for the new epoxyisocyanates of formulae (111 a) and (111 b) and for the process for their production.
Suitable diisocyanates of formulae (IV a) or (W b) are those of the aliphatic, cycloaliphatic. araliphatic, aromatic and heterocyclic-aliphatic series.
, The following are listed as diisocyanates of the aliphatic, cycloaliphatic and araliphatic seriesz ethylenediisocyanate, trimethylenediisocyanate, tet- -ramethylenediisocyanate, hexamethylenediisocyanate, decamethylenediisocyanate, 2,2,4-
and 2,4,4-trimethy1hexamethylenediisocyanate, or commercial mixtures thereof; diisocyanatesof the formula OCN-Y-NCO wherein .Y denotes the hydrocarbon radical of an optionally hydrogenated dimerised fatty alcohol; r
cyclopentylenediisocyanate-1,3,
- cyclohexylenediisocyanate-(1,4), -(1,3)or 1,2), hexahydrotoluylenediisocyanate-(2,4) or -(2,6), 3,5,5-trimethyl-3-isocyanatomethylcyclohexaneisocyanate-( 1) =isophoronediisocyanate"):
dicyclohexyl-methane-diisocyanate-(4,4), 0-, m-
and p xylylene-moU-diisocyanate.
Mentioned as diisocyanates of the aromatic series are:
toluylenediisocyanate-(2,4), toluylenediisocyanate- (2,6), or commercial mixtures thereof; diphenylmethane-4,4-diisocyanate, naphthalene-1,5-diisocyanate, 3,3-diemthyl-biphenyl-4,4'-diisocyanate, 3,3'-dimethoxy 4,4'-diphenyldiisocyanate,
' 3,3'-dich1orodiphenyl-4,4'-diisocyanate, 4,4-diphenyldiisocyanate,
diphenyldimethyl-methane-4,4-diisocyanate, p,p'-dibenzyldiisocyanate, phenylene-l ,4-diisocyanate, phenylene-l ,3-diisocyanate,
2,3 ,5 ,6-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediisocyanate; the uretdionediisocyanates obtained by dimerisation of aromatic diisocyanates such as, e.g. 2,4- toluylenediisocyanate, e.g. l,3-bis-(4'-methyl-3'- isocyanatophenyl)-uretdione of the formula:
OCN NCO yisocyanatopropyl-S '-methyl-5 '-ethylhydantoinyl- 3 )-butane; ,1 ,6-bis-( l '-y-isocynatopropyl-5 isopropylhydantoinyl-3 )-hexane; 1,l2-bis-( l '-yisocyanatopropyl-S', 5-pentamethylenehydantoinyl-3 '7-dodecane and B,,B'-bis-( l '-'yisocyanatopropyl-5 ',5 '-diemthylhydantoinyl-3 diethyl ether.
The N-heterocyclic monoglycidyl compounds of formulae (V a) and (V b) can be produced in a known manner by the reaction, in the first stage, of 1 mole of an N-heterocyclic compound ofthe formula:
wherein Z, or Z, has the same meaning as in formula (I) with 1 mole of an epihalohydrin or of a B-methylepihalohydrin, preferably with 1 mole of epichlorohydrin or of fl-methylepichlorohydrin, in the presence of a catalyst such as, preferably, a tertiary amine, a quaternary ammonium base or a quaternary ammonium salt, such as benzyltrimethylammonium chloride, under conditions whereby only the more strongly acid endocyclic NH-group in position 3 of the ring is substituted, to give the halohydrin; and the treatment, in the second stage, of the obtained product containing halohydrin groups with agents splitting off hydrogen halides, preferably with strong alkalis such as sodium hydroxide.
The N-heterocyclic compounds of formulae (IV a) or (IV b) are, in particular, hydantoin, hydantoin derivatives, dihydrouracil and dihydrouracil derivatives.
The hydantoin and its preferred derivatives correspond to the general formula:
(VII) wherein R and R each represent a-hydrogen atom, or a lower alkyl radical having 1 to 4carbon atoms, or wherein R and R together form a tetramethylene or pentamethylene radical. The following are mentioned: S-methylhydantoin, 5-methyl-5-ethylhydantoin, 5-npropylhydantoin, 5 -isopropylhydantoin, l ,3- diazaspiro(4.5 )-decane-2,4-dione, l,3-diazaspiro(4.4)- nonane-2,4-dione, and preferably 5,5- dimethylhydantoin.
The dihydrouracil (=2,4-dioxohexahydropyrimidine) and its preferred derivatives correspond to the general formula:
(VIII) wherein R5 and R both represent a hydrogen atom or identical or different alkyl radicals, preferably alkyl I Preferably, in the above formula, the two radicals R and R represent methyl groups; R represents a hydrogen atom, or a lower alkyl radical having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; and R a hydrogen atom. Mention is made of: 5,6-dihydrouracil, 5,5-dimethyl-5,6-dihydrouracil (2,4- dioxo-S,5-dimethylhexahydropyrimidine) dimethyl-6-isopropyl-5,-dihydrouracil (2,4-dioxo-5 ,5- dimethyl-6-isopropylhexahydropyrimidine).
In the hydantoins and dihydrouracils concerned, the NH-group in 3-position, which lies between the two carbonyl groups, has acid character and can be determined quantitatively, e.g. by potentiometric titration with alkali.
Particularly good yields of monoglycidyl compound (V a) or (V b) are obtained by employing in'the reaction mixture a stoichiometric excess of epichlorohydrin or methylepichlorohydrin above the amount necessary for the addition to the NI-l-group in 3-position of the heterocyclic ring.
and 5,5
During the catalytic addition of the epichlorohydrin in the first reaction step, before the addition of alkali, there already occurs a partial epoxidation of the dichlorohydrin of the hydantoin. The epichlorohydrin, which acts as a hydrogen chloride acceptor, is then partly converted into glycerin dichlorohydrin. In the reaction of the above described hydantoins or dihydrouracils with a stoichiometric excess of epichlorohydrin beyond the amount required for monoglycidylation, in the presence of a catalyst, the acid NH-group in position 3 of the ring reacts more quickly than the NI-l-group in position I of the ring. It is possible, therefore, for the more strongly acid Nl-I-group to be reacted with the epichlorohydrin substantially quantitatively, before the more weakly acid NH-group has appreciably reacted. If, therefore the reaction leading to chlorohydrin is interrupted at the right moment (evidence of the consumption of approximately 1 mole of epichlorohydrin per mole of hydantoin or dihydrouracil from a test of a sample of the reaction mixture), and a reaction then performed with the equivalent amount of alkali, then the monoglycidyl derivative of formula (V a) or (V b) is obtained as the main product.
Advantageously, the intermediates of formulae (III a) or (III b) and the final products of formula(l) are produced in a single two-stage process, without isolation of the intermediates (III a) or (III b).
A preferred embodiment of the process according to the invention consists in the reaction at elevated temperature, in the first stage, of 1 mole of a diisocyanate of formulae (IV a) or (IV b) with 1 mole ofa heterocyclic monoglycidyl compound of formula (V a) or (V b); and then the further reaction at elevated temperature, in the second stage, of the obtained l:l adduct, without isolation, with a dialcohol of formula (II) in the ratio of 1 equivalent of hydroxyl groups of the dialcohol per equivalent of the isocyanate group of the adduct.
The new diglycidyl compounds of formula (I) according to the invention react with the usual curing agents for polyepoxide compounds, and they can thus be cross-linked and cured by the addition of such curing agents in a manner analogous to that for other polyfunctional epoxide compounds and epoxide resins. Basic or acid compounds come into consideration as curing agents.
Mentioned as suitable curing agents are, e.g.: amines or amides, such as aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic, primary, secondary and tertiary amines, e.g. monoethanolamine, ethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, trimethylhexamethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, dimethylpropylenediamine-l,3, N,N-diethylpropylenediamine-l ,3, bis-(4-amino-3-methylcyclohexyl)-methane, 3,5,5-trimethyl-3-(aminometetraethylenepentamine, N,N-
thyl)-cyclohexylamine (isophoronediamine), Mannich bases such as 2,4,6-tris-(dimethylaminomethyl)- phenol; m-phenylenediamine, p-phenylenediamine, bis-(4-aminophenyl)-methane, bis-(4-aminophenyl) sulphone, m-xylylenediamine; N-(2-aminoethyl)- piperazine; adducts of acrylonitrile or monoepoxides, such as ethylene oxide or propylene oxide, with polyalkylenepolyamines such as diethylenetriamine or triethylenetetramine; adducts from polyamines, such as diethylenetriamine or triethylenetetramine, in excess and polyepoxides such as diomethanepolyglycidyl ethers; ketimines, e.g. from acetone or methyl ethyl ketone and bis(p-aminophenyl)-methane; adducts from monophenols or polyphenols and polyamines; polyamides, especially those from aliphatic polyamines such as diethylenetriamine or triethylenetetramine, and dior trimerisated unsaturated fatty acids such as dimerisated linseed oil fatty acid (VERSAMID); polymeric polysulphides (TI-IIOKOL); dicyanodiamide, aniline/formaldehyde resins; polyvalent phenols, e.g. resorcin, 2,- 2-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propane or phenol/formaldehyde resins; boron trifluoride and complexes thereof with organic compounds such as BF -ether complexes and BF -amine complexes, e.g. BF -monoethylamine complex; acetoacetanilide-BF -complex; phosphoric acid; triphenylphosphite; polybasic carboxylic acids and their anhydrides, e.g. phthalic acid anhydride, A -tetrahydrophthalic acid anhydride, hexahydrophthalic acid anhydride, 4-methylhexahydrophthalic acid anhydride, 3,6-endomethylene- A-tetrahydroph-' thalic acid anhydride, methyl-3,6-endomethylene-A tetrahydrophthalic acid anhydride methylnadicananhydride), 3,4,5,6,7,7-hexachloro-3,6- endomethylene-A -tetrahydrophthalic acid anhydride, succinic acid anhydride, adipic acid anhydride, azelaic acid anhydride, sebaccic acid anhydride, maleic acid anhydride, dodecenylsuccinic acid anhydride; pyromellitic acid dianhydride, or mixtures of such anhydrides.
In the curing process, it is also possible to use curing accelerators; with the use of polyamides, dicyanodiamide, polymeric polysulphides or polycarboxylic acid anhydrides as curing agents, suitable accelerators are, e.g. tertiary amines, their salts or quaternary ammonium compounds, e.g. 2,4,6-tris- (dimethylaminomethyl)-phenol, benzyldimethylamine, 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole, 4-aminopyridine, triamylammonium phenolate; also alkali metal alcoholates, such as, e.g. sodium hexanetriolate. In the case of amine curing, it ispossible to use as accelerators, e.g. monoor polyphenols such as phenol or diomethane, salicyclic acid or thiocyanates.
The expression curing, as employed here, means the transformation of the aforesaid diepoxides into insoluble and unmeltable, cross-linked products, this occurring, as a rule, with the simultaneous moulding of the material to produce moulded shapes, such as cast objects, pressed objects, or laminates and suchlike, or to obtain flat-shaped articles such as coatings, lacquer films, or bonds (adhesives).
Depending on the choice of curing agent, curing can be carried out at room temperature (1825C), or at elevated temperature (e.g. 50 -lC).
The curing operation can optionally be performed also in two stages by firstly prematurely interrupting the curing reaction, or by carrying out the first stage at only moderately elevated temperature, whereupon a curable precondensate (known as the B-stage) which is still meltable and soluble is obtained from the epoxide component and the curing-agent component. Such a precondensate can be used, e.g. for the production of prepregs," moulding materials-or sinter powers.
The present invention also relates, therefore, to curable mixtures which are suitable for the production of moulded articles, including flat-shaped articles, and which contain the diglycidyl compounds according'to the invention, optionally together with other polyepoxide compounds, and also curing agents'for epoxide resins, such as polyamines or polycarboxylic acid anhydrides.
To the diepoxides according to the invention, or to mixtures thereof with other polyepoxide compounds and/or curing agents, it is possible to add before curing, in any particular phase, the usual modifying agents such as extenders, fillers and toughening agents, pigments, dyestuffs, organic solvents, softeners, flow control agents, thixotropic agents, fire-retarding agents, and mould-release agents.
Examples of extenders, toughening agents, fillers and pigments which can be used in the curable mixtures according to the invention are as follows: coal tar, bitumen, glass fibres, boron fibres, carbon fibres, asbestos fibres, natural and synthetic textile fibres such as polyester fibres, polyamide fibres, polyacrylonitrile fibres; polyethylene powder, polypropylene powder; quartz flour; mineral silicates such as mica, asbestos flour, slate flour; kaolin, aluminium oxide trihydrate, chalk flour, gypsum, antimonous trioxide, bentone, silicic acid aerogel (AEROSIL), lithopone, heavy spar, titanium dioxide, soot, graphite, oxide dyes such as iron oxide or metal powder such as aluminium powder or iron powder.
Suitable organic solvents for the modification of the curable mixtures are, e.g. toluene, xylene, n-propanol, butylacetate, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, diacetone alcohol, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, -monoethyl ether and -monobutyl ether.
As softeners for the modification of the curable mixtures it is possible to use, e.g. dibutyl-, dioctyland dinonylphthalate, tricresylphosphate, trixylenephosphate, and also polypropylene glycols.
As flow control agents on application of the curable mixtures, especially in the case of surface protection, it is possible to add, e.g. silicones, cellulose acetobutyrate, polyvinylbutyral, waxes, stearates (which in some cases are also used as mould-release agents).
Specially for application in the lacquer field, it is also possible for the diepoxide compounds to be partially esterified, in a known manner, with carboxylic acids such as, in particular, higher unsaturated fatty acids. It is moreover possible to add to such lacquer-resin compositions other curable synthetic resins, e.g. phenoplasts or aminoplasts.
The curable mixtures according to the invention can be produced, in the usual manner, with the aid of the usual mixing aggregates (stirrer,kneader, rollers).
The curable epoxide resin mixtures according to the invention are used, in particular, in the field of surface protection, in electrical engineering, for laminating processes, and in the building industry. They can be used in the form best suited for the purpose for which they are required, e.g. in the filled or unfilled state, optionally in the form of solutions of emulsions, as coating agents, lacquers, as moulding materials, sinter powders, dip resins, casting resins, injection-moulding compositions, impregnation resins and bonding agents, adhesives, as tool resins, laminating resins, sealing materials and fillers, floor-covering materials, and bonding agents for mineralaggregates.
Where otherwise not stated in the following examples, theterm parts denotes parts by weight, and percentages signify per cent by weight. Parts by volume and parts by weight have the same ratio to each other as millimetre and gram.
With regard to the mechanical and electrical properties of the curable mixtures described in the following examples, plates of the size 92 X 41 X 12 mm were prepared for the determination of bending strength, de-
flection impact strength and water absorption. The specimens (60 X 10 X 4 mm) for the determination of water absorption and for the bending and impact test (VSM 77103 and VSM 77105) were cut out from the plates.
For determination of dimensional stability in the heat according to Martens (DIN 53,458), specimens were cast in each case having the dimensions 120 X 15 X 10 mm.
Plates of the dimensions 120 X 120 X 4 mm were cast for the testing of arc resistance and tracking resistance (VDE 0303).
A. Production of starting materials 1. Monoglycidyl derivatives from 1 mole of epichlorohydrin and 1 mole of a hydantoin or dihydrouracil a. 3-Glycidyl-5,S-dimethylhydantoin A mixture of 128 g of 5,5-dimethylhydantoin (1 mole), 2775 g of epichlorohydrin (30 moles) and 0.66 g of benzyltrimethylammonium chloride was heated to 118C for 95 minutes. A sample taken from the reaction mixture then showed, after the excess epichlorohydrin and the formed 1,3-dichloropropan-(2)-ol had been distilled off, an epoxide content of 2.78 epoxide equivalents/kg. The reaction mixture was cooled to 60C, and an addition was then made in small portions, within 20 minutes and with vigorous stirring, of 42.3 g of finely powdered sodium hydroxide (1.05 moles). After the addition was completed, the mixture was stirred for a further 30 minutes at 60C. The water formed during the reaction was subsequently removed by azeotropic distillation, together with a portion of the epichlorohydrin, at 60C and under 35 Torr. After cooling, the formed sodium chloride was separated off by filtration, and the clear filtrate was concentrated firstly at 30 Torr and then in high vacuum.
In this manner were obtained 198.5 g (theoretical amount for (N)3-glycidyl-5,S-dimethylhydantoin: 184
v g) of a slightly yellow coloured crystal mass having an ethyl ketone and once from acetone, and (N)3- glycidyl-5,S-dimethylhydantoin was obtained as pure Elementary analysis:
Found Calculated C 52.11 52.l6 H 6.57 6.57 N 15.00 15.21
The product consists essentially of 3-glycidyl-5,5- dimethylhydantoin of the structure:
b. 3-( B-methylglycidyl )-5 ,5-dimethyl-6-isopropyl- 5,6-dihydrouracil A mixture of 328.8 g of 5,5-dimethyl-6-isopropyl- 5,6-dihydrouracil (=2,4-dioxo-5,5-dimethyl-6- isopropylhexahydropyrimidine) (1.782 moles), 1900 g of B-methylepichlorohydrin (17.85 moles) and 8.82 g of tetraethylammonium chloride is stirred for 3 hours at reflux temperature (1 to 122C); and a clear colourless solution is thus obtained. This is then cooled to 60C, and to it are slowly added dropwise in the course of 2 hours at 60C, with vigorous stirring, 192.5 g of 50 percent sodium hydroxide solution (2.4 moles); the water present in the reaction mixture is at the same time continually separated by means of azeotropic circulatory distillation under 60 to 90 Torr vacuum. After completion of the addition of sodium hydroxide solution, entrainment of water is continued for a further 30 min. The sodium chloride formed during the reaction is then separated by filtration, and afterwards rinsed with 50 ml of B-methylepichlorohydrin. The combined solutions are extracted by shaking with 180 ml of water to effect the removal of residues of sodium chloride and of the catalyst.
After separation of the aqueous layer, the organic phase is concentrated at 60C/18 Torr, and then treated at 60C/0.1 Torr until the weight remains con-- stant.
A crystalline, colourless product is obtained with 3.92 epoxide equivalents/kg (100 percent of theoretical amount); the yield is 432.0 g (95 percent of the thethe thus obtained Found: Calculated:
The vapour-pressure osmometrical molecular weightdetermination gives a molecular weight of 255 (calculated: 254.32).
The nuclear-magnetic resonance spectrum (60 Mc HNMR, taken in deuterochloroform) proves, together with the above data, by the presence of the following signals, the structure given below:
t'lprotons at 6=1.23-1.50 CH3 C CH CC l CH tiprotons at 5=0.66 CH =0.78 6=0.91 H 5=1.03 \l /C (quartet). CH:
0 II 0 CH3 l Il-N NClIrC-C1Iz l 113C 11 CH3 CH3 2. Epoxyisocyanates a. Adduct from 1 mole of 3-glycidy1-5,5- dimethylhydantoin and 1 mole of isophoronediisocyanate In a dry glass flask fitted with stirrer, thermometer and reflux condenser, 92.1 g of 3-glycidyl-5,5- dimethylhydantoin (0.5 moles) and 113.5 g (0.52 moles) of 3,5,5-trimethyl-3-isocyanatomethylcyclohexane-isocyanate-l (isophoronediisocyanate) are stirred at 60. The reaction becomes exothermic; the temperature rises, after removal of the heating bath, to 108. After completion of the exothermic reaction, the clear melt is stirred for a further 2 hours at l05l 10. For testing of the addition, a sample is removed from the charge and its properties determined. The colourless solid adduct softens at ca. 30C. Its epoxide content amounts to 2.50 equivalents/kg percent of the theoretical value). The infra-red spectrum (capillary absorption, NaCl-disks) shows both N=C=O and absorptions. The proton-magnetic resonance-spectrum (60 Mc HNMR, in CDCl;, at 35C, against tetramethylsilane) shows, amongst others, the following signals:
aliphatically bound OH cyclo-aliphatically bound -CH -protons Accordingly, the product consists essentially of the compound of the following structure:
Had "an."
b. Adduct from 1 mole of 3(B-methylglycidyl)-5,5- dimethyl-6-isopropyl-5,-dihydrouracil and 1 mole of toluylene-2,4-diisocyanate I 125.6 g (0.494 moles) of a pure crystalline 3-(B- methylglycidyl)-5,5-dimethyl-6-isopr0pyl-5,6- dihydrouracil (MP. 105107C) are melted and stirred at 110C. An amount of 860 g (0.494 moles) of toluylene-2,4-diisocyanate is then added, with vigorous stirring, in the course of 10 minutes. The reaction is slightly exothermic. A pale-yellow liquid is obtained which can be easily stirred and which becomes increasingly more viscous. The reaction is allowed to proceed for 1 hour at 110C and for a further 45 minutes at 140C; the obtained adduct can then be poured on to a metal plate, on which it solidifies on cooling. The crystal mass is ground, and stored in a dry vessel. The obtained product melts at 128C. The epoxide content of the adduct amounts to 2.4 equivalents/kg (corresponding to 100 percent of the theoretical amount).
The product consists essentially of the epoxiisocyanate of the following structure:
H o l cr-n H30 1 I EN/ NCHr-$ CHz H l l 0 NC =0 I H-O/ c mo \crft cm c. Adduct from l mole of 3-glycidyl-5,5- dimethylhydantoin and 1 mole of 1,3-di- (isocyanatopropyl)-5,S-dimethylhydantoin 36.8 g (0.2 moles) of 3-glycidyl-5,5-
dimethylhydantoin are stirred at 60C with 66.2 g (0.2 moles) of 89 percent 1,3-di-(isocyanatopropyl)-5,5- dimethylhydantoin. The reaction becomes exothermic; the temperature of the mixture rises to 94C, and the reaction is allowed to continue for 90 minutes at 95C. The new epoxyisocyanate, obtained in quantitative yield, is transferred to a glass flask, which is then sealed in an air-tight manner. The content of NCO-groups is 5.1 percent; the epoxide content amounts to 1.96 equivalents/kg (95 percent of the theoretical amount). The infrared spectrum confirms that the mixture obtained is essentially of the following structures:
This reaction proceeds smoothly and with good yields. It is shown that the thus obtained derivatives are at least as thermostable as the urethanes obtainable from the corresponding.isocyanates; this was tested by the following experiments:
A mixture of 128.1 g of 5,5-dimethy1hydantoin (1 mole) and 119.2 g of phenylisocyanate (1 mole) is placed, at room temperature, in a 500 ml glass flask titted with stirrer, thermometer and reflux condenser. The formed mass is heated within 15 minutes, with stirring, to 150C internal temperature. A clear thinly fluid melt is obtained after ca. 80 minutes under the stated conditions. This melt is stirred for a further 2 hours at 160C in order to complete the reaction. The mass crystallises immediately on cooling. In this manner are obtained 233 g of light-yellow crystals (yield: 94.3 percent of the theoretical amount).
The product is purified by being recrystallised from absolute ethanol. A practically colourless fine crystallisate, M.P. l66168, is obtained in 69.8 percent net yield (172 g).
The elementary analysis gives the following result:
I Found: Calculated:
58.11 %c 58.29%C I 5.33 H 5.30 l-l .l6.85%N 17.00%N
mc oH-om-1 t B. Model tests a. The following model experiment shows that orcm", 1740 cm", 1710 cm).
Also the proton-magnetic resonance spectrum ganic isocyanates react with the NH group of hydan- Mc-NMR, taken in deuterchloroform at 35C, with tettoins to give stable adducts. With 5,5- dimethylhydantoin and phenylisocyanate as model substances, the reaction proceeds in the following manner:
ramethylsilane as the internal standard) indicates, by the presence of signals for the aromatic ring at 8 6.95-7.55 (multiplet), of signals for CH and N-l-l group of the hydantoin, besides the signal for the ureaamide (N-H)-group, that the obtained final product has the structure shown below:
A specimen of 70 g of the thus synthetised compound is examined in a glass flask provided with descending condenser and thermometer, with respect to the titer mal reverse splitting in phenylisocyanate and dimethylhydantoin. The substance is totally melted at a bath temperature of 175C, and has a temperature of 168C; there are no signs of a decomposition to be observed. The temperature of the specimen is then rapidly raised to 205C; at this point too there is no sign of decomposition. At a temperature of 215C, there are very faint signs of bubble formation in the melt. There commences at 232C a very slow decomposition, and with,
a specimen temperature of 240C, phenylisocyanate begins to distill off. A relatively rapid distillation commences at 260C.
On the basis of this test, the decomposition point of the new substance can be given as 220-230C; on the other hand, urethanes from primary aliphatic alcohols and aromatic isocyanates are already decomposing from about 200C.
b. The following experiment demonstrates that 3- Thus obtained are 60.6 g (yield: 100 percent of the theoretical amount) of a practically colourless crystalli- Y sate containing 2.95 epoxide equivalents/kg (89.4 percent of the theoreticalamount).
The product is purified by recrystallisation from acetone, whereupon is obtained a colourless crystallisate which melts at 9293.5C. The epoxide content of the purified product amounts to 3.18 equivalents/kg; this corresponds to 96.4 percent ofthe theoretical amount.
The elementary analysis shows:
Found: Calculated:
The infra-red spectrum (Nujol trituration). shows, in
contrastto the final product from model test a) for the hydantoin structure, only one amide-(N-H)-frequency .at 3,320 em, but the same bands for carbonyl group and aromatic ring as thejfinal product from model test a); furthermore, the absorption of the glycidyl group are now also visible. Also the proton-magnetic resonance spectrum is in agreement with the structure shown below.
glycidyl-5,S-dimethylhydantoin and phenylisocyanate as'model substances react with each other smoothly and with good yield:
The isocyanate group hence reacts with the NH group of the hydantoin, analogously to the manner deto room temperature, filtered, and completely concentrated in a rotary evaporator at 70C under a water-jet vacuum; drying is subsequently carried out at 70C under 0.1 Torr untilconstant weight is obtained, an the reaction product crystallises out.
The ultraviolet spectrum (taken in chloroform, concentration: l0" mol/litre) indicates a A max at 249 am with the extinction E, max of 15,100.
The mass spectrum proves moreover the structure given below. The molecule-ion appears quite pronounced with 303 units of mass; this is in agreement with the theoretical molecular weight of 303.3. The fragment-ion with 184 units of mass might well come from the isocyanate cleavage from the molecule-ion.
The product thus consists of the monoepoxide of the structure:
C. Production examplesv EXAMPLE 1 An amount of 160.5 g (0.4 moles) of the epoxyisocyanate produced according to instruction A.2.a. (adduct from 1 mole of isophoronediisocyanate and 1 mole of 3-g1ycidyl-5,idimethylhydantoin) is stirred together with 100 ml of dioxane and 18.3 g of butane-l ,4- diol (0.2 moles) for 3 hours at 80-85C. The clear so- 'lution is subsequently concentrated by evaporation,
and dried under 0.1 Torr at C until constant weight is obtained. A colourless epoxide resin is obtained in quantitative yield (178.8 g) having 2.0 epoxide equivalents/kg (88.2 percent of the theoretical amount), which melts at' 86-88C. The elementary analysis shows:
Found Calculated 58.4% C 58.5% C 8.0% H 7.8% H 12.3% N 12.4% N
0.4% CI 0.0% CI 17 18 The proton-magnetic resonance spectrum likewise 9 N shows that the product consists essentially of the diepu oxide of the following structure: Accordingly, the product consists essentially of the diepoxide of the following structure: H Hi 0 51i? 7 11.0 on,
E E CH: EXAMPLE 3 E Analogously to Example 2, 187 g of 3-g1ycidyl-5,5- CH;CHCHrI{\ N dimethylhydantoin (1 mole) are reacted in 600 ml of o H 0 1 1 0 dioxane with 168.2 g of hexamethylenediisocyanate (1 ll 3 N-PJ-O- mole) in 150 ml of dioxane; and the intermediate is then reacted with 178.2 g (0.5 moles) of 1,1- H 0 CH3 methylene-bis- E (B-(B-hydroxyethyl)-5,5-dimethylhydantoin, this being (CH1)4O -N H added in portions in the course of 20 minutes. The reactions are performed analogously to Example 2. The slightly cloudy solution is then cleared by filtration, completely concentrated at 70C in a rotary evaporator =0 on, under a low vacuum, and subsequently dried at 1 65C/0.1 Torr until constant weight is obtained. A colourless powder is obtained in quantitative yield (534 the epoxide content of the powder being 1.76
f equivalents/kg (94 percent of the theoretical value). oQ-7cH-om 0 The product consists essentially of the diepoxide of o the following structure:
I Had or W o o=oo (l; o H-N- -o-om-om-Er EI CH,N /NCHaCH:O -NH H2)5 (3 \C lHzlo H1 -r 0 g N-H HaC (E=O I .J3=O CH! C-EI N--C\ HaC l \C=O OH: O v N =0 dm-cfi oi-n HiocH-dm EXAMPLE 2 W EXAMPLE .4 In a dry glass flask fitted with stirrer, thermometer p g to Exampl'e 367.6
and reflux condenser, 187 g of 3-glycidyl-5,5-
dimethylhydantoin (1.0 mole) are stirred at 100C with f zg g i l gg g g ag: gggifigfgfi 300 ml of dioxane' To this 9 added. drop 50 made dropwise, within minutes and with vigorous wise within 30 minutes it Stmmg' a Solutlon 9 stirring, of 444.6 g of isophoronediisocyanate (1.0 1682 g of Examethylenednsocyanate moie) mole). The reaction is slightly exothermic; after the 100 ml of dloxane' The colourless clear soluuon heating bath has been removed, the temperature rises stirred m at moo-105C To the Solution to 137C. A colourless clear solution is obtained, which of the mtermedlate product are added dropwise 55 is stirred for a further 2 hours at 130C. To this solution i i 30 minutes. at g F g are then added dropwise within 30 minutes, with stirdiol in ml of dioxane, an stirring IS a terwar s conring 425 g (LO mole) of polypropylene glycoumean tinned for a further 2 hours at L106, Q cooling molecular weight 425, Ol-l-groups terminated). The reof the solution to room temperature, the 1118101 part of the product precipitates; this is filtered off and the ob- 0 tained colourless powder dried at 80C. Thus obtained are 295 g of the product (73 percent of the theoretical, amount), which softens at C. The epoxide content amounts to 2.27 equivalents/kg (91 percent of the theoretical amount). it is possible to obtain from the 65 mother solution a further 20 percent of final product.
The elementary analysis gives the following values: :2ig fii fg g gfigg fg: g fiz gf and found culcululed The product consists essentially of the diepoxide of 7.3% H 7.35% H the following structure:
In quantitative yield is obtained a pale-yellow, clear transparent epoxide resin which softens at 130C.The epoxide content amounts to 1.38 equivalents/kg (85.4 percent of the theoretical amount). The total chlorine content is below 0.3 percent. The elementary analysis action is completed over a further 2 hours at 130C; The obtained product is poured into a sheet-metal box.
wherein n has an average value of 7.
EXAMELE An amount of 202.2 g of the epoxyisocyanate produced according to instruction A. 2. (b) (adduct from structure (or to the isomeric form):
l H 4. In quantitative yield is thus obtained a clea Tg ht yellow, solid epoxide resin which softens at 52C, and the epoxide content of which is 1.59 equivalents/kg (87.4 percent of the theoretical amount). The new epoxide resin corresponds essentially to the following 19.15 g (0.025 moles) of the epoxideisocyanate pro- 5';
duced according to instruction A. 2. (c) in 300 ml of dioxane are stirred at 95C. A solution of 1.04 g of hexane-l ,2,6-triol in 100 ml of dioxane is then added dropwise at 100C within 20 minutes, and stirring is contin- 1 mole of toluylene-2,4-diisocyanate amd 1 mole of x -(B-methylglycidyD-S,5-dimethyl-6-isopropyl-5,6- dihydrouracil) is reacted at l40-144C. for one hour, HzC-CHCH1-N N-CONH-(CH:).-. with thorough stirring, with 19.36 ml of cis-1,4- b meq i Th b ain qbisblx recess. diew qsi ll subsequently poured on to a metal sheet for cooling. E CH3 The resin is broken up and ground. It melts at 115C.
o=o o o o-cm The epoxide content 18 2.07 equivalents/kg (this correg sponds to 97.8 percent of the theoretical amount); the product consists essentially of the diepoxide of the fol- C lowing structure: 25 ii 2 m... ..b 6...."
I OH: o H H 0 ii on, om :-cn,-N NH1I 4' -crn H3C- 1 Ii N N-dm-o on,
0 o-o (Ln H H H til o Nc-0-oH,-cn=orr om-o--o-jr 3 1110 cm cm I I I 330 orn CHa EXAMPLE 6 D. Application examples EXAMPLE I An amount of 77.5 g of the epoxide resin produced according to Example 1 and having an epoxide content of 2.0 epoxide equivalents/kg is mixed at 80 with 22.4
ued at 100C for a further 4 hours. The clear solution 40' g of hexahydrophthalic acid anhydride; to the clear is concentrated at 60C in a rotary evaporator under 20 Torr to dryness, and afterwards dried under 0.15 Torr until constant weight is obtained. A colourless, clear, brittle epoxide resin is obtained in quantitative yield; the said epoxide resin softens at 51C, its epoxide content is 1.62 equivalents/kg (84.3 percent of the theoretical amount), and its structure corresponds essentially to the following formula, or, to the isomeric form In accordance with Example 6, 45.9 g (0.06 moles) of the epoxideisocyanate obtained according to instruction A. 2. c) are reacted in 300 ml of dioxane with 4.26 g (0.03 moles) of A -cyclohexenedimethanol in 100 ml of dioxane. Theprocessing is thereupon carried out analogously to the manner described in Example 6.
melt are added 0.3 g of benzyldimethylamine. This mixture is poured into aluminium moulds of 4 mm wall thickness, the moulds being preheated to 80C. The curing occurs according to the following programme:
5 2 hours/80C 2 hours/ 150C 12 hours/ 150C. In
this manner are obtained clear light-yellow moulded shapes having the following properties:
bending strength (VSM 77103):
deflection (VSM 77103):
impact strength (VSM 77105) mechanical dimensional stability at elevated temperature according to Martens (DlN 53 458):
water absorption, 4 days/20C (DIN 53472) 7-8 kp/mm 2.0 mm 37.3 cm ltp/cm EXAMPLE n bending strength (V8M 77103): 7 12-15 kp/mm deflection (VSM 77 03) 4.5-5.6 mm impact strength (VSM 77l05): ll cm.kp/cm" water absorption (4 days, C) (DIN 53472) 0.56%
EXAMPLE 111 r CHz-.
A mixture of 85.4 g of the epoxide resin produced according to Example 4 (epoxide content 1.38 equivalents/kg) and 15.9 g of hexahydrophthalie acid anhy- 5 dride is pouredinto aluminium moulds, and cured according to the following programme: 2 hours/90C CH3 6 15 hours/140C. The moulded shapes then possess the o-dcn= omoo following properties: ,-cH,-cH,-N N'--oH,-N N- cH,cH,-, bending strength (VSM 77103): 11-12 kp/mm 10 c deflection (VSM 77103): 4.3-5.0 mm 11) g impact strength (VSM 77105): lO-l3 cm.kp/cm m. i w l I v. v in; onw
e c aim -CH H-O-CH 0H 1. A compound of the formula l 2 1 -/m o 1;? R7 6- II A ll 0 C -Ra -Ra --C A1NCN N-cH,-c-cm wherein A is alkylene of 2 to carbon atoms, cyclo I wherein m is an intger'co rre spondiiigto an average pentylene, cyclohexylene, tolylene, phenylene, molecular weight of 250 to 2,500 for the group;
'""'6'" R and R is hydrogen or alkyl of 1 to 4carbon atoms Cm U L or R and R together is tetramethylene or pentameth- I l CH3 ylene s or-CH1)z-N\ /N(CH1)3;
C 0 2. The compound according to claim 1 having the ii formula: 7
0\ s lilacs/Cm .7 H3C\ 2cm o- 0 III III 0 o 0 o -o C1 CH CH I I\ /I -I-H7N(CH:)o-N-iE-O(CH1)4OH1 -r r houl-(fi m:
X is hydrogen or methyl; B is alkyleneof 2 612 car 40 V The clairn l hav ing the om-on-tim v 23 4. The compound according to claim 1 having the formula:
wherein n has an average value of 7.
5. The compound according to claim 1 having the formula:
7. A compound of the formula: I
1.PublishNumber: US-3846442-A
2.Date Publish: 19741105
3.Inventor: HABERMEIER J,CH
PORRET D,CH
4.Inventor Harmonized: HABERMEIER J()
PORRET D()
5.Country: US
6.Claims:
(en)Binuclear N-heterocyclic N,N''-diglycidyl compounds are produced by the reaction at elevated temperature of 1 mole of a dialcohol, e.g. polypropylene glycol, with 2 moles of an epoxyisocyanate, the latter being obtained by the reaction of 1 mole of a polyisocyanate, e.g. isophoronediisocyanate, with 1 mole of an Nheterocyclic monoglycidyl compound, e.g. 3-glycidyl-5,5dimethylhydantoin. Example: The new compound. WHEREIN N HAS AN AVERAGE VALUE OF 7. The N,N''-diglycidyl compounds can be cured with epoxide resin curing agents to obtain moulded objects and coatings having good mechanical properties.
7.Description:
(en)United States Patent [191 Habermeier et al.
[451 Nov. 5, 1974 GLYCIDYL HYDANTOIN COMPOUNDS [75] Inventors: Juergen Habermeier, Pfeffingen;
Daniel Porret, Binningen, both of Switzerland [73] Assignee: Ciba-Geigy AG, Basle, Switzerland [22] Filed: Nov. 15, 1971 [21] Appl. No: 198,989
[30] Foreign Application Priority Data Nov. 17, 1970 Switzerland 16964/70 FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS 1,523,597 3/1968' Belgium 260/309.2
OTHER PUBLICATIONS Degering, An Outline of Organic Nitrogen Compounds, page 532, Ypsilanti, Mich., Univ. Lithoprinters, 1950. QD251.D4.
Wagner et al., Synthetic Organic Chemistry, page 645, N.Y., Wiley, 1953. QD262.W24.
Primary Examiner-Natalie Trousof [57] ABSTRACT Binuclear N-heterocyclic N,N'-dig1ycidyl compounds are produced by the reaction at elevated temperature of 1 mole of a dialcohol, e.g. polypropylene glycol, with 2 moles of an epoxyisocyanate, the latter'being obtained by the reaction of 1 mole of a polyisocyanate, e.g. isophoronediisocyanate, with 1 mole of an N-heterocyclic monoglycidyl compound, e.g. 3-
[51] Int. Cl (3071 14952 glycidyl-S,S-dimethylhydantoin. Example: The new [58] Field of Search.. 260/309.5 compound.
cm I V m 56 on: I
H 0 CH 5 H30 01-1, H30 5 3 H CH3 H O\C/ 0 CI z-- N N CH"' H 0 CH: 0 -qlz-ll-IQ I l-CH:
E -0-(O-CH:-0 )nOC-N I 0 (1g wherein n has an average valueof 7.
The N,N-diglycidyl compounds can be cured with epoxide resin curing agents to obtain moulded objects and coatings having good mechanical properties.
i 7 Claims, No Drawings GLYCIDYL I-IYDANTOIN COMPOUNDS The present invention relates to new binuclear N- heterocyclic N,N-diglycidyl compounds of the forcycloaliphatic-aliphatic, araliphaticor heterocyclicaliphatic dialcohol.
In the above formula (I), A, and A each preferably represent a bivalent aliphatic, cycloaliphatic, cycloaliphatic-aliphatic, arallphatic or aromatic hydrocarbon radical, or a bivalent N-heterocyclic-aliphatic radical; R, and R preferably represent hydrogen atoms or lower alkyl radicals having 1 to 4 carbon atoms, or R, and R together represent the tetramethylene or pentamethylene radical; R R R and R preferably represent hydrogen atoms or lower alkyl radicals having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; and X, and X are preferably hydrogen atoms.
At room temperature, the new N,N'-diglycidyl compounds of formula (I) are, as a rule, viscous to solid resins, which can be processed, as they are or in admixture with reactive diluting agents, with the use of conventional curing agents for epoxide resins, such as dicarboxylic acid anhydrides or polyamines, to obtain moulded shapes possessing good mechanical and electrical properties.
Preferred fields of application, besides the castingresin field, are those of powder resins such as in the case of whirl sinter powders and moulding powders.
The new diepoxides of formula (I) can be produced according to the invention by the reaction, with heating, of 1 mole of a dialcohol of the formula:
with 2 moles of an expoxisocyanate ofthe formula:
mula: 5 0 1'1 l (Ina)- 7 7 /O (]3-%r Z2 O oH,-ooH,-N /NCNA1-NC-O-BOCNAz-N-CI l' I ICH1C CI-Iz e l liI l l I, I ll 1 X;
b b (I) 15 or of the formula: I wherein A, and A each represent a bivalent aliphatic, V O r cycloaliphatic, cycloaliphatic-aliphatic, araliphatic, arg T? omatic or heterocyclic-aliphatic radical; Z, and Z each C stand for a bivalent radical of the formula: X2 0 H 20 (11119) R R wherein the symbols A,, A 2,, 2,, x,, X -and B have the same meanings as in formula (I). In this manner are R= obtained symmetrically formed diepoxides of formula 25 (I). Unsymmetrically formed diepoxides (I) can be obtained, e.g. by reacting the dialcohol of formula (II) with a mixture of two different epoxyisocyanates of formulae (Illa) and (IIIb).
The reaction of the dialcohols (II) with the epoxyisocyanates (III) is advantageously performed with the exclusion of atmospheric moisture and in the temperature range of 60200C, preferably at temperatures of l50C, for, e.g. 2 to 20 hours. The process can be carried out in the presence of solvents or without so]- vents. Suitable dialcohols of formula (II) are, in particular, those of the aliphatic, cycloaliphatic and heterocyclic-aliphatic series.
The following are mentioned as dialcohols of the allphatic series: ethylene glycol, l,2 propanediol, 1,3- propanediol, l',4-butanediol, 1,5-pentanediol, neopentyl glycol, 1,6-hexanediol, l,7-heptanediol, 1,8- octandeiol, 1,9-nonanediol, l, lO-decandeiol, undecanediol, l,l2-dodecandediol, 1,6-dihydroxy- 2,2,4-trimethylhexane, l,6-deihydroxy-2,4,4- trimethylhexane, 1,4-butenediol; polyether glycols such as diethylene glycol, triethylene glycol, tetraethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, polyethylene glycols and polypropylene glycols of average molecular weight of 250 to 2,500, polybutylene glycols and polyhexanediols; hydroxypolyesters such as hydroxypivalic acid neopentyl glycol diester.
Mentioned as dialcohols of the cycloaliphatic series are: l,l-, 1,2-, 1,3- and l,4-bis(hydroxymethyl) cycloclo-(5.2.l.0 )decane-3,9- or -4,8-diol, adducts of glycols with diallylidenepentaerythrite, e.g. 3,9-bis- (hydroxyethoxyethyl)-spirobi(metadioxane).
Suitable dialcohols of the heterocyclic-aliphatic series are, in particular, the addition products of at least 2 moles of an alkene oxide such as ethylene oxide, propene oxide, 1,2-butene oxide or styrene oxide with l bis(4-hydroxycyclohexyl)- mole of a mononuclear or polynuclear N-heterocyclic compound having two endocyclic Nil-groups such as, in particular, hydantoin and its derivatives, dihydrouracil and its derivatives, barbituric acid and its derivatives, bishydantoins and bis-dihydrouracils. The following are listed: 1,3-di-( B-hydroxyethyD-S ,S-dimethylhydantoin, 1 ,3-di-( B-hydroxyethyD-S-phenyl-5-ethylbarbituric -ethylbarbituric acid, 1,3-di-( B-hydroxy-n-propyD-S,S-dimethylhydantoin, 1,3-di-( B-hydroxy-n-propyD-S,S-diethylbarbituric acid, 1,3-di-( B-hydroxyethyoxyethoxyethyl)-5 ,5- dimethylhydantoin, 1,3-di-( B-hydroxy-n-propyl)-5-isopropylhydantoin, l,3-di-( B-hydroxy-n-propyl)-5,5-diethylhydantoin, l,3-di-( B-hydroxy-n-propyl)-5-ethyl-5- methylhydantoin, l,3-di-(B-hydroxyethyl)-5,5- diemthyl-6-isopropyl-5,6-dihydrouracil, 1,3-.di-( B-hydroxy-n-propyU-S,S-dimethyl-S-isopropyl- 5,6-dihydrouracil, l,3-di-( 2 '-hydroxy-n-butyl )-5,5-dimethy1hydantoin, l,3-di-(B-hydroxy-B-phenylethyl)-5,5- I dimethylhydantoin, l,3-di-( B-hydroxy-B-phenylethyl)-6-methyluracil, l,3-di-(B-hydroxy-B-phenylethyl)-5,5-dimethyl-6- isopropyl-S,-dihydrouracil, l ,3-di-(B-h ydroxy-B-phenylethoxyafl-phenylethoxy-flphenylethyl)-5,5-dimethylhydantoin, 1,3-di-( B-hydroxy-B-phenylethyl)-5- isopropylhydantoin, l,3-di-( B-hydroxy-B-phenylethyl)-5-ethyl-5'- phenylbarbituric acid, 1,1'-methylene-bis-(3-B-hydroxyethyl-5,5- dimethylhydantoin), 1,1'-methylene-bis-(3-/3-hydroxyethyoxyethoxyethyl- 5,5-dimethylhydantoin), 1,1-methylene-bis-(3-B-hydroxy-n-propyl-5,5- dimethylhydantoin), 1,1-methylene-bis-(3-fi hydroxyethyl-5,S-dimethyl- 5,6-dihydrouraci1), I Y l,4-bis-( l '-B'-hydroxyethyl-5, 5'-dimethylhydantoin l-3')-butane, l,6-bis-( 1 -B-hydroxyethyl-5',5 '-dimethylhydantoinyl- 3')-hexane, 1,6-bis-(1-B-hydroxy-n-propyl-5,5'- dimethylhydantoinyl-3)-hexane, 1,1'-methylene-bis-(3-fl-hydroxypropyl-5- isopropylhydantoin), 1 1,1 '-methylene-bis-( 3-B-hydroxy-n-propyl-5,S-dimethyl-5,6-dihydrouracil), 1,1'-methylene-bis-(3-(2"-hydroxy-n-butyl)-5,5- dimethyl-hydantoin), 1,6-bis-(1'-(2"-hydroxy-n-butyl)-5', dimethylhydantoinyl-3)-hexane, B, B-bis-'( 1-(2'-hydroxy-n-butyl)-5,5- diemthylhydantoinyl-3)-diethyl ether, 1,1 '-methylene-bis-( 3-(B-hydroxy-B-phenylethyl))- 5,5-dimethylhydantoin.
The epoxyisocyanates of formulae (III a) and (111 b) are new compounds. They can be produced by the reaction, with heating, of 1 mole of a diisocyanate of the formula: 3
ocN-A,-Nc0 Na.- and OCN-A -NCO 1V b.
with 1 mole of an N-heterocyclic monoglycidyl compound of the formula:
i HN N oH,( JoHi and W k 4 HN N-CH, J CH2 fi X2 respectively, wherein A A Z Z X and X have the same meanings as in formula (I).
The reaction of the diisocyanates (IV a) and (IV b) with the monoglycidyl compounds Va and Vb respectively is performed under reaction conditions analogous to the reaction of the dialcohols of formula (11) with the epoxyisocyanates of formulae (111 a) or (111 b). It is advantageous to react the diisocyanates' with the N-heterocyclic monoglycidyl compounds in the stoichiometrical quantity ratio (molar ratio 1:1); it is also possible, however, to use the diisocyanates' in a stoichiometric excess, so that in the reaction mixture the molar ratio of the N-heterocyclic compound to the diisocyanate can be 1:1 to, eg 1:5.
Noprotection is claimed here for the new epoxyisocyanates of formulae (111 a) and (111 b) and for the process for their production.
Suitable diisocyanates of formulae (IV a) or (W b) are those of the aliphatic, cycloaliphatic. araliphatic, aromatic and heterocyclic-aliphatic series.
, The following are listed as diisocyanates of the aliphatic, cycloaliphatic and araliphatic seriesz ethylenediisocyanate, trimethylenediisocyanate, tet- -ramethylenediisocyanate, hexamethylenediisocyanate, decamethylenediisocyanate, 2,2,4-
and 2,4,4-trimethy1hexamethylenediisocyanate, or commercial mixtures thereof; diisocyanatesof the formula OCN-Y-NCO wherein .Y denotes the hydrocarbon radical of an optionally hydrogenated dimerised fatty alcohol; r
cyclopentylenediisocyanate-1,3,
- cyclohexylenediisocyanate-(1,4), -(1,3)or 1,2), hexahydrotoluylenediisocyanate-(2,4) or -(2,6), 3,5,5-trimethyl-3-isocyanatomethylcyclohexaneisocyanate-( 1) =isophoronediisocyanate"):
dicyclohexyl-methane-diisocyanate-(4,4), 0-, m-
and p xylylene-moU-diisocyanate.
Mentioned as diisocyanates of the aromatic series are:
toluylenediisocyanate-(2,4), toluylenediisocyanate- (2,6), or commercial mixtures thereof; diphenylmethane-4,4-diisocyanate, naphthalene-1,5-diisocyanate, 3,3-diemthyl-biphenyl-4,4'-diisocyanate, 3,3'-dimethoxy 4,4'-diphenyldiisocyanate,
' 3,3'-dich1orodiphenyl-4,4'-diisocyanate, 4,4-diphenyldiisocyanate,
diphenyldimethyl-methane-4,4-diisocyanate, p,p'-dibenzyldiisocyanate, phenylene-l ,4-diisocyanate, phenylene-l ,3-diisocyanate,
2,3 ,5 ,6-tetramethyl-p-phenylenediisocyanate; the uretdionediisocyanates obtained by dimerisation of aromatic diisocyanates such as, e.g. 2,4- toluylenediisocyanate, e.g. l,3-bis-(4'-methyl-3'- isocyanatophenyl)-uretdione of the formula:
OCN NCO yisocyanatopropyl-S '-methyl-5 '-ethylhydantoinyl- 3 )-butane; ,1 ,6-bis-( l '-y-isocynatopropyl-5 isopropylhydantoinyl-3 )-hexane; 1,l2-bis-( l '-yisocyanatopropyl-S', 5-pentamethylenehydantoinyl-3 '7-dodecane and B,,B'-bis-( l '-'yisocyanatopropyl-5 ',5 '-diemthylhydantoinyl-3 diethyl ether.
The N-heterocyclic monoglycidyl compounds of formulae (V a) and (V b) can be produced in a known manner by the reaction, in the first stage, of 1 mole of an N-heterocyclic compound ofthe formula:
wherein Z, or Z, has the same meaning as in formula (I) with 1 mole of an epihalohydrin or of a B-methylepihalohydrin, preferably with 1 mole of epichlorohydrin or of fl-methylepichlorohydrin, in the presence of a catalyst such as, preferably, a tertiary amine, a quaternary ammonium base or a quaternary ammonium salt, such as benzyltrimethylammonium chloride, under conditions whereby only the more strongly acid endocyclic NH-group in position 3 of the ring is substituted, to give the halohydrin; and the treatment, in the second stage, of the obtained product containing halohydrin groups with agents splitting off hydrogen halides, preferably with strong alkalis such as sodium hydroxide.
The N-heterocyclic compounds of formulae (IV a) or (IV b) are, in particular, hydantoin, hydantoin derivatives, dihydrouracil and dihydrouracil derivatives.
The hydantoin and its preferred derivatives correspond to the general formula:
(VII) wherein R and R each represent a-hydrogen atom, or a lower alkyl radical having 1 to 4carbon atoms, or wherein R and R together form a tetramethylene or pentamethylene radical. The following are mentioned: S-methylhydantoin, 5-methyl-5-ethylhydantoin, 5-npropylhydantoin, 5 -isopropylhydantoin, l ,3- diazaspiro(4.5 )-decane-2,4-dione, l,3-diazaspiro(4.4)- nonane-2,4-dione, and preferably 5,5- dimethylhydantoin.
The dihydrouracil (=2,4-dioxohexahydropyrimidine) and its preferred derivatives correspond to the general formula:
(VIII) wherein R5 and R both represent a hydrogen atom or identical or different alkyl radicals, preferably alkyl I Preferably, in the above formula, the two radicals R and R represent methyl groups; R represents a hydrogen atom, or a lower alkyl radical having 1 to 4 carbon atoms; and R a hydrogen atom. Mention is made of: 5,6-dihydrouracil, 5,5-dimethyl-5,6-dihydrouracil (2,4- dioxo-S,5-dimethylhexahydropyrimidine) dimethyl-6-isopropyl-5,-dihydrouracil (2,4-dioxo-5 ,5- dimethyl-6-isopropylhexahydropyrimidine).
In the hydantoins and dihydrouracils concerned, the NH-group in 3-position, which lies between the two carbonyl groups, has acid character and can be determined quantitatively, e.g. by potentiometric titration with alkali.
Particularly good yields of monoglycidyl compound (V a) or (V b) are obtained by employing in'the reaction mixture a stoichiometric excess of epichlorohydrin or methylepichlorohydrin above the amount necessary for the addition to the NI-l-group in 3-position of the heterocyclic ring.
and 5,5
During the catalytic addition of the epichlorohydrin in the first reaction step, before the addition of alkali, there already occurs a partial epoxidation of the dichlorohydrin of the hydantoin. The epichlorohydrin, which acts as a hydrogen chloride acceptor, is then partly converted into glycerin dichlorohydrin. In the reaction of the above described hydantoins or dihydrouracils with a stoichiometric excess of epichlorohydrin beyond the amount required for monoglycidylation, in the presence of a catalyst, the acid NH-group in position 3 of the ring reacts more quickly than the NI-l-group in position I of the ring. It is possible, therefore, for the more strongly acid Nl-I-group to be reacted with the epichlorohydrin substantially quantitatively, before the more weakly acid NH-group has appreciably reacted. If, therefore the reaction leading to chlorohydrin is interrupted at the right moment (evidence of the consumption of approximately 1 mole of epichlorohydrin per mole of hydantoin or dihydrouracil from a test of a sample of the reaction mixture), and a reaction then performed with the equivalent amount of alkali, then the monoglycidyl derivative of formula (V a) or (V b) is obtained as the main product.
Advantageously, the intermediates of formulae (III a) or (III b) and the final products of formula(l) are produced in a single two-stage process, without isolation of the intermediates (III a) or (III b).
A preferred embodiment of the process according to the invention consists in the reaction at elevated temperature, in the first stage, of 1 mole of a diisocyanate of formulae (IV a) or (IV b) with 1 mole ofa heterocyclic monoglycidyl compound of formula (V a) or (V b); and then the further reaction at elevated temperature, in the second stage, of the obtained l:l adduct, without isolation, with a dialcohol of formula (II) in the ratio of 1 equivalent of hydroxyl groups of the dialcohol per equivalent of the isocyanate group of the adduct.
The new diglycidyl compounds of formula (I) according to the invention react with the usual curing agents for polyepoxide compounds, and they can thus be cross-linked and cured by the addition of such curing agents in a manner analogous to that for other polyfunctional epoxide compounds and epoxide resins. Basic or acid compounds come into consideration as curing agents.
Mentioned as suitable curing agents are, e.g.: amines or amides, such as aliphatic, cycloaliphatic or aromatic, primary, secondary and tertiary amines, e.g. monoethanolamine, ethylenediamine, hexamethylenediamine, trimethylhexamethylenediamine, diethylenetriamine, triethylenetetramine, dimethylpropylenediamine-l,3, N,N-diethylpropylenediamine-l ,3, bis-(4-amino-3-methylcyclohexyl)-methane, 3,5,5-trimethyl-3-(aminometetraethylenepentamine, N,N-
thyl)-cyclohexylamine (isophoronediamine), Mannich bases such as 2,4,6-tris-(dimethylaminomethyl)- phenol; m-phenylenediamine, p-phenylenediamine, bis-(4-aminophenyl)-methane, bis-(4-aminophenyl) sulphone, m-xylylenediamine; N-(2-aminoethyl)- piperazine; adducts of acrylonitrile or monoepoxides, such as ethylene oxide or propylene oxide, with polyalkylenepolyamines such as diethylenetriamine or triethylenetetramine; adducts from polyamines, such as diethylenetriamine or triethylenetetramine, in excess and polyepoxides such as diomethanepolyglycidyl ethers; ketimines, e.g. from acetone or methyl ethyl ketone and bis(p-aminophenyl)-methane; adducts from monophenols or polyphenols and polyamines; polyamides, especially those from aliphatic polyamines such as diethylenetriamine or triethylenetetramine, and dior trimerisated unsaturated fatty acids such as dimerisated linseed oil fatty acid (VERSAMID); polymeric polysulphides (TI-IIOKOL); dicyanodiamide, aniline/formaldehyde resins; polyvalent phenols, e.g. resorcin, 2,- 2-bis-(4-hydroxyphenyl)-propane or phenol/formaldehyde resins; boron trifluoride and complexes thereof with organic compounds such as BF -ether complexes and BF -amine complexes, e.g. BF -monoethylamine complex; acetoacetanilide-BF -complex; phosphoric acid; triphenylphosphite; polybasic carboxylic acids and their anhydrides, e.g. phthalic acid anhydride, A -tetrahydrophthalic acid anhydride, hexahydrophthalic acid anhydride, 4-methylhexahydrophthalic acid anhydride, 3,6-endomethylene- A-tetrahydroph-' thalic acid anhydride, methyl-3,6-endomethylene-A tetrahydrophthalic acid anhydride methylnadicananhydride), 3,4,5,6,7,7-hexachloro-3,6- endomethylene-A -tetrahydrophthalic acid anhydride, succinic acid anhydride, adipic acid anhydride, azelaic acid anhydride, sebaccic acid anhydride, maleic acid anhydride, dodecenylsuccinic acid anhydride; pyromellitic acid dianhydride, or mixtures of such anhydrides.
In the curing process, it is also possible to use curing accelerators; with the use of polyamides, dicyanodiamide, polymeric polysulphides or polycarboxylic acid anhydrides as curing agents, suitable accelerators are, e.g. tertiary amines, their salts or quaternary ammonium compounds, e.g. 2,4,6-tris- (dimethylaminomethyl)-phenol, benzyldimethylamine, 2-ethyl-4-methylimidazole, 4-aminopyridine, triamylammonium phenolate; also alkali metal alcoholates, such as, e.g. sodium hexanetriolate. In the case of amine curing, it ispossible to use as accelerators, e.g. monoor polyphenols such as phenol or diomethane, salicyclic acid or thiocyanates.
The expression curing, as employed here, means the transformation of the aforesaid diepoxides into insoluble and unmeltable, cross-linked products, this occurring, as a rule, with the simultaneous moulding of the material to produce moulded shapes, such as cast objects, pressed objects, or laminates and suchlike, or to obtain flat-shaped articles such as coatings, lacquer films, or bonds (adhesives).
Depending on the choice of curing agent, curing can be carried out at room temperature (1825C), or at elevated temperature (e.g. 50 -lC).
The curing operation can optionally be performed also in two stages by firstly prematurely interrupting the curing reaction, or by carrying out the first stage at only moderately elevated temperature, whereupon a curable precondensate (known as the B-stage) which is still meltable and soluble is obtained from the epoxide component and the curing-agent component. Such a precondensate can be used, e.g. for the production of prepregs," moulding materials-or sinter powers.
The present invention also relates, therefore, to curable mixtures which are suitable for the production of moulded articles, including flat-shaped articles, and which contain the diglycidyl compounds according'to the invention, optionally together with other polyepoxide compounds, and also curing agents'for epoxide resins, such as polyamines or polycarboxylic acid anhydrides.
To the diepoxides according to the invention, or to mixtures thereof with other polyepoxide compounds and/or curing agents, it is possible to add before curing, in any particular phase, the usual modifying agents such as extenders, fillers and toughening agents, pigments, dyestuffs, organic solvents, softeners, flow control agents, thixotropic agents, fire-retarding agents, and mould-release agents.
Examples of extenders, toughening agents, fillers and pigments which can be used in the curable mixtures according to the invention are as follows: coal tar, bitumen, glass fibres, boron fibres, carbon fibres, asbestos fibres, natural and synthetic textile fibres such as polyester fibres, polyamide fibres, polyacrylonitrile fibres; polyethylene powder, polypropylene powder; quartz flour; mineral silicates such as mica, asbestos flour, slate flour; kaolin, aluminium oxide trihydrate, chalk flour, gypsum, antimonous trioxide, bentone, silicic acid aerogel (AEROSIL), lithopone, heavy spar, titanium dioxide, soot, graphite, oxide dyes such as iron oxide or metal powder such as aluminium powder or iron powder.
Suitable organic solvents for the modification of the curable mixtures are, e.g. toluene, xylene, n-propanol, butylacetate, acetone, methyl ethyl ketone, diacetone alcohol, ethylene glycol monomethyl ether, -monoethyl ether and -monobutyl ether.
As softeners for the modification of the curable mixtures it is possible to use, e.g. dibutyl-, dioctyland dinonylphthalate, tricresylphosphate, trixylenephosphate, and also polypropylene glycols.
As flow control agents on application of the curable mixtures, especially in the case of surface protection, it is possible to add, e.g. silicones, cellulose acetobutyrate, polyvinylbutyral, waxes, stearates (which in some cases are also used as mould-release agents).
Specially for application in the lacquer field, it is also possible for the diepoxide compounds to be partially esterified, in a known manner, with carboxylic acids such as, in particular, higher unsaturated fatty acids. It is moreover possible to add to such lacquer-resin compositions other curable synthetic resins, e.g. phenoplasts or aminoplasts.
The curable mixtures according to the invention can be produced, in the usual manner, with the aid of the usual mixing aggregates (stirrer,kneader, rollers).
The curable epoxide resin mixtures according to the invention are used, in particular, in the field of surface protection, in electrical engineering, for laminating processes, and in the building industry. They can be used in the form best suited for the purpose for which they are required, e.g. in the filled or unfilled state, optionally in the form of solutions of emulsions, as coating agents, lacquers, as moulding materials, sinter powders, dip resins, casting resins, injection-moulding compositions, impregnation resins and bonding agents, adhesives, as tool resins, laminating resins, sealing materials and fillers, floor-covering materials, and bonding agents for mineralaggregates.
Where otherwise not stated in the following examples, theterm parts denotes parts by weight, and percentages signify per cent by weight. Parts by volume and parts by weight have the same ratio to each other as millimetre and gram.
With regard to the mechanical and electrical properties of the curable mixtures described in the following examples, plates of the size 92 X 41 X 12 mm were prepared for the determination of bending strength, de-
flection impact strength and water absorption. The specimens (60 X 10 X 4 mm) for the determination of water absorption and for the bending and impact test (VSM 77103 and VSM 77105) were cut out from the plates.
For determination of dimensional stability in the heat according to Martens (DIN 53,458), specimens were cast in each case having the dimensions 120 X 15 X 10 mm.
Plates of the dimensions 120 X 120 X 4 mm were cast for the testing of arc resistance and tracking resistance (VDE 0303).
A. Production of starting materials 1. Monoglycidyl derivatives from 1 mole of epichlorohydrin and 1 mole of a hydantoin or dihydrouracil a. 3-Glycidyl-5,S-dimethylhydantoin A mixture of 128 g of 5,5-dimethylhydantoin (1 mole), 2775 g of epichlorohydrin (30 moles) and 0.66 g of benzyltrimethylammonium chloride was heated to 118C for 95 minutes. A sample taken from the reaction mixture then showed, after the excess epichlorohydrin and the formed 1,3-dichloropropan-(2)-ol had been distilled off, an epoxide content of 2.78 epoxide equivalents/kg. The reaction mixture was cooled to 60C, and an addition was then made in small portions, within 20 minutes and with vigorous stirring, of 42.3 g of finely powdered sodium hydroxide (1.05 moles). After the addition was completed, the mixture was stirred for a further 30 minutes at 60C. The water formed during the reaction was subsequently removed by azeotropic distillation, together with a portion of the epichlorohydrin, at 60C and under 35 Torr. After cooling, the formed sodium chloride was separated off by filtration, and the clear filtrate was concentrated firstly at 30 Torr and then in high vacuum.
In this manner were obtained 198.5 g (theoretical amount for (N)3-glycidyl-5,S-dimethylhydantoin: 184
v g) of a slightly yellow coloured crystal mass having an ethyl ketone and once from acetone, and (N)3- glycidyl-5,S-dimethylhydantoin was obtained as pure Elementary analysis:
Found Calculated C 52.11 52.l6 H 6.57 6.57 N 15.00 15.21
The product consists essentially of 3-glycidyl-5,5- dimethylhydantoin of the structure:
b. 3-( B-methylglycidyl )-5 ,5-dimethyl-6-isopropyl- 5,6-dihydrouracil A mixture of 328.8 g of 5,5-dimethyl-6-isopropyl- 5,6-dihydrouracil (=2,4-dioxo-5,5-dimethyl-6- isopropylhexahydropyrimidine) (1.782 moles), 1900 g of B-methylepichlorohydrin (17.85 moles) and 8.82 g of tetraethylammonium chloride is stirred for 3 hours at reflux temperature (1 to 122C); and a clear colourless solution is thus obtained. This is then cooled to 60C, and to it are slowly added dropwise in the course of 2 hours at 60C, with vigorous stirring, 192.5 g of 50 percent sodium hydroxide solution (2.4 moles); the water present in the reaction mixture is at the same time continually separated by means of azeotropic circulatory distillation under 60 to 90 Torr vacuum. After completion of the addition of sodium hydroxide solution, entrainment of water is continued for a further 30 min. The sodium chloride formed during the reaction is then separated by filtration, and afterwards rinsed with 50 ml of B-methylepichlorohydrin. The combined solutions are extracted by shaking with 180 ml of water to effect the removal of residues of sodium chloride and of the catalyst.
After separation of the aqueous layer, the organic phase is concentrated at 60C/18 Torr, and then treated at 60C/0.1 Torr until the weight remains con-- stant.
A crystalline, colourless product is obtained with 3.92 epoxide equivalents/kg (100 percent of theoretical amount); the yield is 432.0 g (95 percent of the thethe thus obtained Found: Calculated:
The vapour-pressure osmometrical molecular weightdetermination gives a molecular weight of 255 (calculated: 254.32).
The nuclear-magnetic resonance spectrum (60 Mc HNMR, taken in deuterochloroform) proves, together with the above data, by the presence of the following signals, the structure given below:
t'lprotons at 6=1.23-1.50 CH3 C CH CC l CH tiprotons at 5=0.66 CH =0.78 6=0.91 H 5=1.03 \l /C (quartet). CH:
0 II 0 CH3 l Il-N NClIrC-C1Iz l 113C 11 CH3 CH3 2. Epoxyisocyanates a. Adduct from 1 mole of 3-glycidy1-5,5- dimethylhydantoin and 1 mole of isophoronediisocyanate In a dry glass flask fitted with stirrer, thermometer and reflux condenser, 92.1 g of 3-glycidyl-5,5- dimethylhydantoin (0.5 moles) and 113.5 g (0.52 moles) of 3,5,5-trimethyl-3-isocyanatomethylcyclohexane-isocyanate-l (isophoronediisocyanate) are stirred at 60. The reaction becomes exothermic; the temperature rises, after removal of the heating bath, to 108. After completion of the exothermic reaction, the clear melt is stirred for a further 2 hours at l05l 10. For testing of the addition, a sample is removed from the charge and its properties determined. The colourless solid adduct softens at ca. 30C. Its epoxide content amounts to 2.50 equivalents/kg percent of the theoretical value). The infra-red spectrum (capillary absorption, NaCl-disks) shows both N=C=O and absorptions. The proton-magnetic resonance-spectrum (60 Mc HNMR, in CDCl;, at 35C, against tetramethylsilane) shows, amongst others, the following signals:
aliphatically bound OH cyclo-aliphatically bound -CH -protons Accordingly, the product consists essentially of the compound of the following structure:
Had "an."
b. Adduct from 1 mole of 3(B-methylglycidyl)-5,5- dimethyl-6-isopropyl-5,-dihydrouracil and 1 mole of toluylene-2,4-diisocyanate I 125.6 g (0.494 moles) of a pure crystalline 3-(B- methylglycidyl)-5,5-dimethyl-6-isopr0pyl-5,6- dihydrouracil (MP. 105107C) are melted and stirred at 110C. An amount of 860 g (0.494 moles) of toluylene-2,4-diisocyanate is then added, with vigorous stirring, in the course of 10 minutes. The reaction is slightly exothermic. A pale-yellow liquid is obtained which can be easily stirred and which becomes increasingly more viscous. The reaction is allowed to proceed for 1 hour at 110C and for a further 45 minutes at 140C; the obtained adduct can then be poured on to a metal plate, on which it solidifies on cooling. The crystal mass is ground, and stored in a dry vessel. The obtained product melts at 128C. The epoxide content of the adduct amounts to 2.4 equivalents/kg (corresponding to 100 percent of the theoretical amount).
The product consists essentially of the epoxiisocyanate of the following structure:
H o l cr-n H30 1 I EN/ NCHr-$ CHz H l l 0 NC =0 I H-O/ c mo \crft cm c. Adduct from l mole of 3-glycidyl-5,5- dimethylhydantoin and 1 mole of 1,3-di- (isocyanatopropyl)-5,S-dimethylhydantoin 36.8 g (0.2 moles) of 3-glycidyl-5,5-
dimethylhydantoin are stirred at 60C with 66.2 g (0.2 moles) of 89 percent 1,3-di-(isocyanatopropyl)-5,5- dimethylhydantoin. The reaction becomes exothermic; the temperature of the mixture rises to 94C, and the reaction is allowed to continue for 90 minutes at 95C. The new epoxyisocyanate, obtained in quantitative yield, is transferred to a glass flask, which is then sealed in an air-tight manner. The content of NCO-groups is 5.1 percent; the epoxide content amounts to 1.96 equivalents/kg (95 percent of the theoretical amount). The infrared spectrum confirms that the mixture obtained is essentially of the following structures:
This reaction proceeds smoothly and with good yields. It is shown that the thus obtained derivatives are at least as thermostable as the urethanes obtainable from the corresponding.isocyanates; this was tested by the following experiments:
A mixture of 128.1 g of 5,5-dimethy1hydantoin (1 mole) and 119.2 g of phenylisocyanate (1 mole) is placed, at room temperature, in a 500 ml glass flask titted with stirrer, thermometer and reflux condenser. The formed mass is heated within 15 minutes, with stirring, to 150C internal temperature. A clear thinly fluid melt is obtained after ca. 80 minutes under the stated conditions. This melt is stirred for a further 2 hours at 160C in order to complete the reaction. The mass crystallises immediately on cooling. In this manner are obtained 233 g of light-yellow crystals (yield: 94.3 percent of the theoretical amount).
The product is purified by being recrystallised from absolute ethanol. A practically colourless fine crystallisate, M.P. l66168, is obtained in 69.8 percent net yield (172 g).
The elementary analysis gives the following result:
I Found: Calculated:
58.11 %c 58.29%C I 5.33 H 5.30 l-l .l6.85%N 17.00%N
mc oH-om-1 t B. Model tests a. The following model experiment shows that orcm", 1740 cm", 1710 cm).
Also the proton-magnetic resonance spectrum ganic isocyanates react with the NH group of hydan- Mc-NMR, taken in deuterchloroform at 35C, with tettoins to give stable adducts. With 5,5- dimethylhydantoin and phenylisocyanate as model substances, the reaction proceeds in the following manner:
ramethylsilane as the internal standard) indicates, by the presence of signals for the aromatic ring at 8 6.95-7.55 (multiplet), of signals for CH and N-l-l group of the hydantoin, besides the signal for the ureaamide (N-H)-group, that the obtained final product has the structure shown below:
A specimen of 70 g of the thus synthetised compound is examined in a glass flask provided with descending condenser and thermometer, with respect to the titer mal reverse splitting in phenylisocyanate and dimethylhydantoin. The substance is totally melted at a bath temperature of 175C, and has a temperature of 168C; there are no signs of a decomposition to be observed. The temperature of the specimen is then rapidly raised to 205C; at this point too there is no sign of decomposition. At a temperature of 215C, there are very faint signs of bubble formation in the melt. There commences at 232C a very slow decomposition, and with,
a specimen temperature of 240C, phenylisocyanate begins to distill off. A relatively rapid distillation commences at 260C.
On the basis of this test, the decomposition point of the new substance can be given as 220-230C; on the other hand, urethanes from primary aliphatic alcohols and aromatic isocyanates are already decomposing from about 200C.
b. The following experiment demonstrates that 3- Thus obtained are 60.6 g (yield: 100 percent of the theoretical amount) of a practically colourless crystalli- Y sate containing 2.95 epoxide equivalents/kg (89.4 percent of the theoreticalamount).
The product is purified by recrystallisation from acetone, whereupon is obtained a colourless crystallisate which melts at 9293.5C. The epoxide content of the purified product amounts to 3.18 equivalents/kg; this corresponds to 96.4 percent ofthe theoretical amount.
The elementary analysis shows:
Found: Calculated:
The infra-red spectrum (Nujol trituration). shows, in
contrastto the final product from model test a) for the hydantoin structure, only one amide-(N-H)-frequency .at 3,320 em, but the same bands for carbonyl group and aromatic ring as thejfinal product from model test a); furthermore, the absorption of the glycidyl group are now also visible. Also the proton-magnetic resonance spectrum is in agreement with the structure shown below.
glycidyl-5,S-dimethylhydantoin and phenylisocyanate as'model substances react with each other smoothly and with good yield:
The isocyanate group hence reacts with the NH group of the hydantoin, analogously to the manner deto room temperature, filtered, and completely concentrated in a rotary evaporator at 70C under a water-jet vacuum; drying is subsequently carried out at 70C under 0.1 Torr untilconstant weight is obtained, an the reaction product crystallises out.
The ultraviolet spectrum (taken in chloroform, concentration: l0" mol/litre) indicates a A max at 249 am with the extinction E, max of 15,100.
The mass spectrum proves moreover the structure given below. The molecule-ion appears quite pronounced with 303 units of mass; this is in agreement with the theoretical molecular weight of 303.3. The fragment-ion with 184 units of mass might well come from the isocyanate cleavage from the molecule-ion.
The product thus consists of the monoepoxide of the structure:
C. Production examplesv EXAMPLE 1 An amount of 160.5 g (0.4 moles) of the epoxyisocyanate produced according to instruction A.2.a. (adduct from 1 mole of isophoronediisocyanate and 1 mole of 3-g1ycidyl-5,idimethylhydantoin) is stirred together with 100 ml of dioxane and 18.3 g of butane-l ,4- diol (0.2 moles) for 3 hours at 80-85C. The clear so- 'lution is subsequently concentrated by evaporation,
and dried under 0.1 Torr at C until constant weight is obtained. A colourless epoxide resin is obtained in quantitative yield (178.8 g) having 2.0 epoxide equivalents/kg (88.2 percent of the theoretical amount), which melts at' 86-88C. The elementary analysis shows:
Found Calculated 58.4% C 58.5% C 8.0% H 7.8% H 12.3% N 12.4% N
0.4% CI 0.0% CI 17 18 The proton-magnetic resonance spectrum likewise 9 N shows that the product consists essentially of the diepu oxide of the following structure: Accordingly, the product consists essentially of the diepoxide of the following structure: H Hi 0 51i? 7 11.0 on,
E E CH: EXAMPLE 3 E Analogously to Example 2, 187 g of 3-g1ycidyl-5,5- CH;CHCHrI{\ N dimethylhydantoin (1 mole) are reacted in 600 ml of o H 0 1 1 0 dioxane with 168.2 g of hexamethylenediisocyanate (1 ll 3 N-PJ-O- mole) in 150 ml of dioxane; and the intermediate is then reacted with 178.2 g (0.5 moles) of 1,1- H 0 CH3 methylene-bis- E (B-(B-hydroxyethyl)-5,5-dimethylhydantoin, this being (CH1)4O -N H added in portions in the course of 20 minutes. The reactions are performed analogously to Example 2. The slightly cloudy solution is then cleared by filtration, completely concentrated at 70C in a rotary evaporator =0 on, under a low vacuum, and subsequently dried at 1 65C/0.1 Torr until constant weight is obtained. A colourless powder is obtained in quantitative yield (534 the epoxide content of the powder being 1.76
f equivalents/kg (94 percent of the theoretical value). oQ-7cH-om 0 The product consists essentially of the diepoxide of o the following structure:
I Had or W o o=oo (l; o H-N- -o-om-om-Er EI CH,N /NCHaCH:O -NH H2)5 (3 \C lHzlo H1 -r 0 g N-H HaC (E=O I .J3=O CH! C-EI N--C\ HaC l \C=O OH: O v N =0 dm-cfi oi-n HiocH-dm EXAMPLE 2 W EXAMPLE .4 In a dry glass flask fitted with stirrer, thermometer p g to Exampl'e 367.6
and reflux condenser, 187 g of 3-glycidyl-5,5-
dimethylhydantoin (1.0 mole) are stirred at 100C with f zg g i l gg g g ag: gggifigfgfi 300 ml of dioxane' To this 9 added. drop 50 made dropwise, within minutes and with vigorous wise within 30 minutes it Stmmg' a Solutlon 9 stirring, of 444.6 g of isophoronediisocyanate (1.0 1682 g of Examethylenednsocyanate moie) mole). The reaction is slightly exothermic; after the 100 ml of dloxane' The colourless clear soluuon heating bath has been removed, the temperature rises stirred m at moo-105C To the Solution to 137C. A colourless clear solution is obtained, which of the mtermedlate product are added dropwise 55 is stirred for a further 2 hours at 130C. To this solution i i 30 minutes. at g F g are then added dropwise within 30 minutes, with stirdiol in ml of dioxane, an stirring IS a terwar s conring 425 g (LO mole) of polypropylene glycoumean tinned for a further 2 hours at L106, Q cooling molecular weight 425, Ol-l-groups terminated). The reof the solution to room temperature, the 1118101 part of the product precipitates; this is filtered off and the ob- 0 tained colourless powder dried at 80C. Thus obtained are 295 g of the product (73 percent of the theoretical, amount), which softens at C. The epoxide content amounts to 2.27 equivalents/kg (91 percent of the theoretical amount). it is possible to obtain from the 65 mother solution a further 20 percent of final product.
The elementary analysis gives the following values: :2ig fii fg g gfigg fg: g fiz gf and found culcululed The product consists essentially of the diepoxide of 7.3% H 7.35% H the following structure:
In quantitative yield is obtained a pale-yellow, clear transparent epoxide resin which softens at 130C.The epoxide content amounts to 1.38 equivalents/kg (85.4 percent of the theoretical amount). The total chlorine content is below 0.3 percent. The elementary analysis action is completed over a further 2 hours at 130C; The obtained product is poured into a sheet-metal box.
wherein n has an average value of 7.
EXAMELE An amount of 202.2 g of the epoxyisocyanate produced according to instruction A. 2. (b) (adduct from structure (or to the isomeric form):
l H 4. In quantitative yield is thus obtained a clea Tg ht yellow, solid epoxide resin which softens at 52C, and the epoxide content of which is 1.59 equivalents/kg (87.4 percent of the theoretical amount). The new epoxide resin corresponds essentially to the following 19.15 g (0.025 moles) of the epoxideisocyanate pro- 5';
duced according to instruction A. 2. (c) in 300 ml of dioxane are stirred at 95C. A solution of 1.04 g of hexane-l ,2,6-triol in 100 ml of dioxane is then added dropwise at 100C within 20 minutes, and stirring is contin- 1 mole of toluylene-2,4-diisocyanate amd 1 mole of x -(B-methylglycidyD-S,5-dimethyl-6-isopropyl-5,6- dihydrouracil) is reacted at l40-144C. for one hour, HzC-CHCH1-N N-CONH-(CH:).-. with thorough stirring, with 19.36 ml of cis-1,4- b meq i Th b ain qbisblx recess. diew qsi ll subsequently poured on to a metal sheet for cooling. E CH3 The resin is broken up and ground. It melts at 115C.
o=o o o o-cm The epoxide content 18 2.07 equivalents/kg (this correg sponds to 97.8 percent of the theoretical amount); the product consists essentially of the diepoxide of the fol- C lowing structure: 25 ii 2 m... ..b 6...."
I OH: o H H 0 ii on, om :-cn,-N NH1I 4' -crn H3C- 1 Ii N N-dm-o on,
0 o-o (Ln H H H til o Nc-0-oH,-cn=orr om-o--o-jr 3 1110 cm cm I I I 330 orn CHa EXAMPLE 6 D. Application examples EXAMPLE I An amount of 77.5 g of the epoxide resin produced according to Example 1 and having an epoxide content of 2.0 epoxide equivalents/kg is mixed at 80 with 22.4
ued at 100C for a further 4 hours. The clear solution 40' g of hexahydrophthalic acid anhydride; to the clear is concentrated at 60C in a rotary evaporator under 20 Torr to dryness, and afterwards dried under 0.15 Torr until constant weight is obtained. A colourless, clear, brittle epoxide resin is obtained in quantitative yield; the said epoxide resin softens at 51C, its epoxide content is 1.62 equivalents/kg (84.3 percent of the theoretical amount), and its structure corresponds essentially to the following formula, or, to the isomeric form In accordance with Example 6, 45.9 g (0.06 moles) of the epoxideisocyanate obtained according to instruction A. 2. c) are reacted in 300 ml of dioxane with 4.26 g (0.03 moles) of A -cyclohexenedimethanol in 100 ml of dioxane. Theprocessing is thereupon carried out analogously to the manner described in Example 6.
melt are added 0.3 g of benzyldimethylamine. This mixture is poured into aluminium moulds of 4 mm wall thickness, the moulds being preheated to 80C. The curing occurs according to the following programme:
5 2 hours/80C 2 hours/ 150C 12 hours/ 150C. In
this manner are obtained clear light-yellow moulded shapes having the following properties:
bending strength (VSM 77103):
deflection (VSM 77103):
impact strength (VSM 77105) mechanical dimensional stability at elevated temperature according to Martens (DlN 53 458):
water absorption, 4 days/20C (DIN 53472) 7-8 kp/mm 2.0 mm 37.3 cm ltp/cm EXAMPLE n bending strength (V8M 77103): 7 12-15 kp/mm deflection (VSM 77 03) 4.5-5.6 mm impact strength (VSM 77l05): ll cm.kp/cm" water absorption (4 days, C) (DIN 53472) 0.56%
EXAMPLE 111 r CHz-.
A mixture of 85.4 g of the epoxide resin produced according to Example 4 (epoxide content 1.38 equivalents/kg) and 15.9 g of hexahydrophthalie acid anhy- 5 dride is pouredinto aluminium moulds, and cured according to the following programme: 2 hours/90C CH3 6 15 hours/140C. The moulded shapes then possess the o-dcn= omoo following properties: ,-cH,-cH,-N N'--oH,-N N- cH,cH,-, bending strength (VSM 77103): 11-12 kp/mm 10 c deflection (VSM 77103): 4.3-5.0 mm 11) g impact strength (VSM 77105): lO-l3 cm.kp/cm m. i w l I v. v in; onw
e c aim -CH H-O-CH 0H 1. A compound of the formula l 2 1 -/m o 1;? R7 6- II A ll 0 C -Ra -Ra --C A1NCN N-cH,-c-cm wherein A is alkylene of 2 to carbon atoms, cyclo I wherein m is an intger'co rre spondiiigto an average pentylene, cyclohexylene, tolylene, phenylene, molecular weight of 250 to 2,500 for the group;
'""'6'" R and R is hydrogen or alkyl of 1 to 4carbon atoms Cm U L or R and R together is tetramethylene or pentameth- I l CH3 ylene s or-CH1)z-N\ /N(CH1)3;
C 0 2. The compound according to claim 1 having the ii formula: 7
0\ s lilacs/Cm .7 H3C\ 2cm o- 0 III III 0 o 0 o -o C1 CH CH I I\ /I -I-H7N(CH:)o-N-iE-O(CH1)4OH1 -r r houl-(fi m:
X is hydrogen or methyl; B is alkyleneof 2 612 car 40 V The clairn l hav ing the om-on-tim v 23 4. The compound according to claim 1 having the formula:
wherein n has an average value of 7.
5. The compound according to claim 1 having the formula:
7. A compound of the formula: I
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