English
Tiếng Việt
(en)An electroluminescence device having a layer containing a specific metal coordination compound is provided. The metal coordination compound is represented by formula (1) below:
ML m L′ n (1),
wherein M is a metal atom of Ir, Pt, Rh or Pd; L and L′ are mutually different bidentate ligands; m is 1, 2 or 3 and n is 0, 1 or 2 with the proviso that m+n is 2 or 3; a partial structure MLm is represented by formula (2) shown below and a partial structure ML′ n is represented by formula (3) or (4) shown below:
The metal coordination compound of the formula (1) is characterized by having at least one aromatic substituent for at least one of CyN1, CyN2, CyC1 and CyC2. The metal coordination compound having the aromatic substituent is effective in providing high-efficiency luminescence, long-term high luminance, and less deterioration by current passing.
ML m L′ n (1),
wherein M is a metal atom of Ir, Pt, Rh or Pd; L and L′ are mutually different bidentate ligands; m is 1, 2 or 3 and n is 0, 1 or 2 with the proviso that m+n is 2 or 3; a partial structure MLm is represented by formula (2) shown below and a partial structure ML′ n is represented by formula (3) or (4) shown below:
The metal coordination compound of the formula (1) is characterized by having at least one aromatic substituent for at least one of CyN1, CyN2, CyC1 and CyC2. The metal coordination compound having the aromatic substituent is effective in providing high-efficiency luminescence, long-term high luminance, and less deterioration by current passing.
1.ApplicationNumber: US-9083802-A
1.PublishNumber: US-2003068536-A1
2.Date Publish: 20030410
3.Inventor: TSUBOYAMA AKIRA
OKADA SHINJIRO
TAKIGUCHI TAKAO
MIURA SEISHI
MORIYAMA TAKASHI
KAMATANI JUN
FURUGORI MANABU
4.Inventor Harmonized: TSUBOYAMA AKIRA(JP)
OKADA SHINJIRO(JP)
TAKIGUCHI TAKAO(JP)
MIURA SEISHI(JP)
MORIYAMA TAKASHI(JP)
KAMATANI JUN(JP)
FURUGORI MANABU(JP)
5.Country: US
6.Claims:
(en)An electroluminescence device having a layer containing a specific metal coordination compound is provided. The metal coordination compound is represented by formula (1) below:
ML m L′ n (1),
wherein M is a metal atom of Ir, Pt, Rh or Pd; L and L′ are mutually different bidentate ligands; m is 1, 2 or 3 and n is 0, 1 or 2 with the proviso that m+n is 2 or 3; a partial structure MLm is represented by formula (2) shown below and a partial structure ML′ n is represented by formula (3) or (4) shown below:
The metal coordination compound of the formula (1) is characterized by having at least one aromatic substituent for at least one of CyN1, CyN2, CyC1 and CyC2. The metal coordination compound having the aromatic substituent is effective in providing high-efficiency luminescence, long-term high luminance, and less deterioration by current passing.
7.Description:
(en)FIELD OF THE INVENTION AND RELATED ART
[0001] The present invention relates to a luminescence device, a display apparatus and a metal coordination compound therefor. More specifically, the present invention relates to a luminescence device employing an organic metal coordination compound having a formula (1) appearing hereinafter as a luminescence material so as to allow stable luminescence efficiency, a display apparatus including the luminescence device and the metal coordination compound adapted for use in the luminescence device.
[0002] An organic electroluminescence (EL) device has been extensively studied as a luminescence device with a high responsiveness and high efficiency.
[0003] The organic EL device generally has a sectional structure as shown in FIG. 1A or 1 B (e.g., as described in “Macromol. Symp.”, 125, pp. 1-48 (1997)).
[0004] Referring to the figures, the EL device generally has a structure including a transparent substrate 15 , a transparent electrode 14 disposed on the transparent substrate 15 , a metal electrode 11 disposed opposite to the transparent electrode 14 , and a plurality of organic (compound) layers disposed between the transparent electrode 14 and the metal electrode 11 .
[0005] Referring to FIG. 1, the EL device in this embodiment has two organic layers including a luminescence layer 12 and a hole transport layer 13 .
[0006] The transparent electrode 14 may be formed of a film of ITO (indium tin oxide) having a larger work function to ensure a good hole injection performance into the hole transport layer. On the other hand, the metal electrode 11 may be formed of a layer of aluminum, magnesium, alloys thereof, etc., having a smaller work function to ensure a good electron injection performance into the organic layer(s).
[0007] These (transparent and metal) electrodes 14 and 11 may be formed in a thickness of 50-200 nm.
[0008] The luminescence layer 12 may be formed of, e.g., aluminum quinolinol complex (representative example thereof may include Alq3 described hereinafter) having an electron transporting characteristic and a luminescent characteristic. The hole transport layer 13 may be formed of, e.g., triphenyldiamine derivative (representative example thereof may include α-NPD described hereinafter) having an electron donating characteristic.
[0009] The above-described EL device exhibits a rectification characteristic, so that when an electric field is applied between the metal electrode 11 as a cathode and the transparent electrode 14 as an anode, electrons are injected from the metal electrode 11 into the luminescence layer 12 and holes are injected from the transparent electrodes 14 .
[0010] The thus-injected holes and electrons are recombined within the luminescence layer 12 to produce excitons, thus causing luminescence. At that time, the hole transport layer 13 functions as an electron-blocking layer to increase a recombination efficiency at the boundary between the luminescence layer 12 and the hole transport layer 13 , thus enhancing a luminescence efficiency.
[0011] Referring to FIG. 1B, in addition to the layers shown in FIG. 1A, an electron transport layer 16 is disposed between the metal electrode 11 and the luminescence layer 12 , whereby an effective carrier blocking performance can be ensured by separating functions of luminescence, electron transport and hole transport, thus allowing effective luminescence.
[0012] The electron transport layer 16 may be formed of, e.g., oxadiazole derivatives.
[0013] In ordinary organic EL devices, fluorescence caused during a transition of luminescent center molecule from a singlet excited state to a ground state is used as luminescence.
[0014] On the other hand, not the above fluorescence (luminescence) via singlet exciton, phosphorescence (luminescence) via triplet exciton has been studied for use in organic EL device as described in, e.g., “Improved energy transfer in electrophosphorescent device” (D. F. O'Brien et al., Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 74, No. 3, pp. 442-444 (1999)) and “Very high-efficiency green organic light-emitting devices based on electrophosphorescence” (M. A. Baldo et al., Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 75, No. 1, pp. 4-6 (1999)).
[0015] The EL devices shown in these documents may generally have a sectional structure shown in FIG. 1C.
[0016] Referring to FIG. 1C, four organic layers including a hole transfer layer 13 , a luminescence layer 12 , an exciton diffusion-prevention layer 17 , and an electron transport layer 16 are successively formed in this order on the transparent electrode (anode) 14 .
[0017] In the above documents, higher efficiencies have been achieved by using four organic layers including a hole transport layer 13 of α-NPD (shown below), an electron transport layer 16 of Alq3 (shown below), an exciton diffusion-prevention layer 17 of BPC (shown below), and a luminescence layer 12 of a mixture of CPB (shown below) as a host material with Ir(ppy) 3 (shown below) or PtOEP (shown below) as a guest phosphorescence material doped into CBP at a concentration of ca. 6 wt. %.
[0018] Alq3: tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (aluminum-quinolinol complex),
[0019] α-NPD: N4,N4′-di-naphthalene-1-yl-N4,N4′-diphenyl-biphenyl-4,4′-diamine (4,4′-bis[N-(1-naphthyl)-N-phenyl-amino]biphenyl),
[0020] CBP: 4,4′-N,N′-dicarbazole-biphenyl,
[0021] BCP: 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline,
[0022] Ir(ppy) 3 : fac tris(2-phenylpyridine)iridium (iridium-phenylpyridine complex), and
[0023] PtEOP: 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethyl-21H,23H-porphine platinum (platinum-octaethyl porphine complex).
[0024] The phosphorescence (luminescence) material used in the luminescence layer 12 has attracted notice. This is because the phosphorescence material is expected to provide a higher luminescence efficiency in principle.
[0025] More specifically, in the case of the phosphorescence material, excitons produced by recombination of carriers comprise singlet excitons and triplet excitons presented in a ratio of 1:3. For this reason, when fluorescence caused during the transition from the singlet excited state to the ground state is utilized, a resultant luminescence efficiency is 25% (as upper limit) based on all the produced excitons in principle.
[0026] On the other hand, in the case of utilizing phosphorescence caused during transition from the triplet excited state, a resultant luminescence efficiency is expected to be at least three times that of the case of fluorescence in principle. In addition thereto, if intersystem crossing from the singlet excited state (higher energy level) to the triplet excited state is taken into consideration, the luminescence efficiency of phosphorescence can be expected to be 100% (four times that of fluorescence) in principle.
[0027] The use of phosphorescence based on transition from the triplet excited state has also been proposed in, e.g., Japanese Laid-Open Patent Application (JP-A) 11-329739, JP-A 11-256148 and JP-A 8-319482.
[0028] However, the above-mentioned organic EL devices utilizing phosphorescence have accompanied with a problem of luminescent deterioration particularly in an energized state.
[0029] The reason for luminescent deterioration has not been clarified as yet but may be attributable to such a phenomenon that the life of triplet exciton is generally longer than that of singlet exciton by at least three digits, so that molecule is placed in a higher-energy state for a long period to cause reaction with ambient substance, formation of exciplex or excimer, change in minute molecular structure, structural change of ambient substance, etc.
[0030] Accordingly, the (electro)phosphorescence EL device is expected to provide a higher luminescence efficiency as described above, while the EL device is required to suppress or minimize the luminescent deterioration in energized state. Further, a luminescence center material for the EL device is required to allow high-efficiency luminescence and exhibit a good stability.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0031] An object of the present invention is to provide a luminescence device capable of providing a high-efficiency luminescent state at a high brightness (or luminance) for a long period while minimizing the deterioration in luminescence in energized state.
[0032] Another object of the present invention is to provide a display apparatus including the luminescence device.
[0033] A further object of the present invention is to provide a metal coordination compound as a luminescence center material suitable for an organic layer for the luminescence device.
[0034] According to the present invention, there is provided a metal coordination compound (metal complex), particularly an iridium complex, characterized by having at least one aromatic substituent. More specifically, there is provided a metal coordination compound represented by formula (1) below:
ML m L′ n (1),
[0035] wherein M is a metal atom of Ir, Pt, Rh or Pd; L and L′ are mutually different bidentate ligands; m is 1, 2 or 3 and n is 0, 1 or 2 with the proviso that m+n is 2 or 3; a partial structure MLm is represented by formula (2) shown below and a partial structure ML′ n is represented by formula (3) or (4) shown below:
[0036] wherein CyN1 and CyN2 are each cyclic group capable of having a substituent, including a nitrogen atom and bonded to the metal atom M via the nitrogen atom; CyC1 and CyC2 are each cyclic group capable of having a substituent, including a carbon atom and bonded to the metal atom M via the carbon atom with the proviso that the cyclic group CyN1 and the cyclic group CyC1 are bonded to each other via a covalent bond and the cyclic group CyN2 and the cyclic group CyC2 are bonded to each other via a covalent bond;
[0037] the optional substituent of the cyclic groups is selected from a halogen atom, cyano group, a nitro group, a trialkylsilyl group of which the alkyl groups are independently a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms of which the alkyl group can include one or non-neighboring two or more methylene groups that can be replaced with —O—, —S—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —CH═CH— or —C≡C—, and the alkyl group can include a hydrogen atom that can be optionally replaced with a fluorine atom; or an aromatic group capable of having a substituent which is selected from an aromatic group capable of having a substituent (that is a halogen atom, a cyano atom, a nitro atom, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms of which the alkyl group can include one or non-neighboring two or more methylene groups that can be replaced with —O—, —S—, —CO—, —CO— O—, —O—CO—, —CH═CH— or —C≡C—, and the alkyl group can include a hydrogen atom that can be optionally replaced with a fluorine atom), a halogen atom, a cyano atom, a nitro atom, and a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms (of which the alkyl group can include one or non-neighboring two or more methylene groups that can be replaced with —O—, S—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —CH═CH— or —C≡C—, and the alkyl group can include a hydrogen atom that can be optionally replaced with a fluorine atom);
[0038] E and G are independently a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms of which the alkyl group can include a hydrogen atom that can be optionally replaced with a fluorine atom, or an aromatic group capable of having a substituent (that is a halogen atom, a cyano atom, a nitro atom, a trialkylsilyl group of which the alkyl groups are independently a linear or branched alkyl group having 1-8 carbon atoms, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms of which the alkyl group can include one or non-neighboring two or more methylene groups that can be replaced with —O—, —S—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —CH═CH— or —C≡C—, and the alkyl group can include a hydrogen atom that can be optionally replaced with a fluorine atom; and
[0039] the cyclic groups CyN1, CyN2, CyC1 and CyC2 have at least one aromatic substituent capable of having a substituent which is selected from an aromatic group capable of having a substituent (that is a halogen atom, a cyano atom, a nitro atom, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms of which the alkyl group can include one or non-neighboring two or more methylene groups that can be replaced with —O—, —S—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —CH═CH— or —C—C—, and the alkyl group can include a hydrogen atom that can be optionally replaced with a fluorine atom), a halogen atom, a cyano atom, a nitro atom, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms of which the alkyl group can include one or non-neighboring two or more methylene groups that can be replaced with —O—, —S—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —CH═CH— or —C≡C—, and the alkyl group can include a hydrogen atom that can be optionally replaced with a fluorine atom).
[0040] In the formula (1), M may preferably be Ir as described above, and n may preferably be 0.
[0041] In the formula (2), CyN1 and CyC1 may preferably be any one of the following combinations:
CyN1 CyC1 pyridyl naphthyl pyridyl thienyl pyridyl benzothienyl
[0042] The present invention also provides an electroluminescence device, comprising: a pair of electrodes disposed on a substrate, and a luminescence unit comprising at least one organic compound disposed between the electrodes, wherein the organic compound comprises a metal coordination compound represented by the above-mentioned formula (1).
[0043] In the electroluminescence device, a voltage is applied between the electrodes to emit light.
[0044] In a preferred embodiment of the electroluminescence device, a voltage is applied between the electrodes to emit phosphorescence.
[0045] The present invention further provides a picture display apparatus, comprising an electroluminescence device described above and a means for supplying electric signals to the electroluminescence device.
[0046] These and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent upon a consideration of the following description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0047]FIGS. 1A, 1B and 1 C illustrate embodiments of the luminescence device according to the present invention, respectively.
[0048]FIG. 2 schematically illustrates a panel structure including an EL device and drive means.
[0049]FIGS. 3A, 3B and 3 C show device performances of a luminescence device used in Example 9 appearing hereinafter, wherein FIG. 3A shows an electric field strength-current density curve, FIG. 3B shows an electric field strength-luminance curve, and FIG. 3C shows a luminescence spectrum under application of a voltage of 10 volts.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0050] In the case where the luminescence layer comprises a host material having a carrier-transporting function and a phosphorescent guest material, a process of phosphorescence via triplet excitons may include unit processes as follows:
[0051] 1. transportation of electrons and holes within a luminescence layer,
[0052] 2. formation of host excitons,
[0053] 3. excitation energy transfer between host molecules,
[0054] 4. excitation energy transfer from the host to the guest,
[0055] 5. formation of guest triplet excitons, and
[0056] 6. transition of the guest triplet excitons to the ground state and phosphorescence.
[0057] Desirable energy transfer in each unit process and luminescence are caused in competition with various energy deactivation processes.
[0058] Needless to say, a luminescence efficiency of an organic luminescence device is increased by increasing the luminescence quantum yield of a luminescence center material. In addition thereto, an efficient energy transfer between host material molecules and/or between host material molecule and guest material molecule is also an important factor.
[0059] Further, the above-described luminescent deterioration in energized state may presumably relate to the luminescent center material per se or an environmental change thereof by its ambient molecular structure.
[0060] For this reason, our research group has extensively investigated an effect of use of the metal coordination compound of formula (1) as the luminescent center material and as a result, has found that the metal coordination compound of formula (1) allows a high-efficiency luminescence with a high brightness (luminance) for a long period, and less deterioration in energized state.
[0061] The metal coordination compound represented by the above formula (1) according to the present invention causes phosphorescence (luminescence) and its lowest excited state is believed to be an MLT* (metal-to-ligand charge transfer) excited state or π-π* excited state in a triplet state. The phosphorescent emission of light (phosphorescence) is caused at the time of transition from such a state to the ground state.
[0062] The metal coordination compound of formula (1) according to the present invention has been found to provide a higher phosphorescence (quantum) yield of 0.05-0.9 and a shorter phosphorescence life of 1-40 μsec, as a result of our luminescence experiment based on photoluminescence by photo-excitation.
[0063] The shorter phosphorescence life is necessary to provide a resultant EL device with a higher luminescence efficiency. This is because the longer phosphorescence life increases molecules placed in their triplet excited state which is a waiting state for phosphorescence, thus lowering the resultant luminescence efficiency particularly at a higher current density. Further, an emission wavelength can be controlled by changing appropriately substituents R1 to T6 and species of aromatic group of the metal coordination compound of the formula (1).
[0064] Also from these viewpoints, the metal coordination compound of formula (1) according to the present invention is a suitable luminescent material for an EL device with a higher phosphorescence yield and a shorter phosphorescence life.
[0065] Particularly, by providing an aromatic group as a substituent (i.e., aromatic substituent) of the metal coordination compound of the formula (1), the resultant substituent has n-electron system extended to the outside of the metal coordination compound molecules, thus facilitating energy transfer from a host material and assisting electron/hole transport functions to result in an improved carrier transport performance. Further, in the present invention, the metal coordination compound of the formula (1) may preferably have the cyclic group CyN1 and/or CyN2 having pyridine structure, a pyridine derivative wherein one of CH groups is substituted with N atom, and fine-membered ring structures containing nitrogen atom and/or sulfur atom. By these partial structures, the resultant metal coordination compound of the formula (1) can be synthesized with a high yield and an excellent stability necessary for the luminescence material.
[0066] In addition, as substantiated in Examples appearing hereinafter, it has been confirmed that the metal coordination compound of the formula (1) also exhibited an excellent stability in a durability test by continuous current passage. This may be attributable to a controlled intermolecular interaction of the metal coordination compound of the formula (1) with the host material by introducing the aromatic substituent characterizing the metal coordination compound of the present invention into the metal coordination compound thereby to change an intermolecular interaction. As a result, it becomes possible to suppress formation of exciton associates leading to thermal deactivation, thus also reducing quenching process to improve phosphorescence yield and device characteristics.
[0067] In the present invention, as the aromatic substituent for the metal coordination compound of the formula (1), it is preferred to use an aromatic group selected from the group consisting of those (sPh to sPe) shown hereinafter.
[0068] In the present invention, the luminescence device may preferably include the organic layer comprising the above-mentioned metal coordination compound between a pair of oppositely disposed electrodes comprising a transparent electrode (anode) and a metal electrode (cathode) which are supplied with a voltage to cause luminescence, thus constituting an electric-field luminescence device.
[0069] The luminescence device of the present invention has a layer structure shown in FIGS. 1A to 1 C as specifically described above.
[0070] By the use of the metal coordination compound of formula (1) of the present invention, the resultant luminescence device has a high luminescence efficiency as described above.
[0071] The luminescence device according to the present invention may be applicable to devices required to allow energy saving and high luminance, such as those for display apparatus and illumination apparatus, a light source for printers, and backlight (unit) for a liquid crystal display apparatus. Specifically, in the case of using the luminescence device of the present invention in the display apparatus, it is possible to provide a flat panel display apparatus capable of exhibiting an excellent energy saving performance, a high visibility and a good lightweight property. With respect to the light source, it becomes possible to replace a laser light source of laser beam printer currently used widely with the luminescence device according to the present invention. Further, when the luminescence device of the present invention is arranged in independently addressable arrays as an exposure means for effecting desired exposure of light to a photosensitive drum for forming an image, it becomes possible to considerably reducing the volume (size) of image forming apparatus. With respect to the illumination apparatus and backlight (unit), the resultant apparatus (unit) using the luminescence device of the present invention is expected to have an energy saving effect.
[0072] For the application to a display, a drive system using a thin-film transistor (TFT) drive circuit according to an active matrix-scheme may be used. Hereinbelow, an embodiment of using a device of the present invention in combination with an active matrix substrate is briefly described with reference to FIG. 2.
[0073]FIG. 2 illustrates an embodiment of panel structure comprising an EL device and drive means. The panel is provided with a scanning signal driver, a data signal driver and a current supply source which are connected to gate selection lines, data signal lines and current supply lines, respectively. At each intersection of the gate selection lines and the data signal lines, a display pixel electrode is disposed. The scanning signal drive sequentially selects the gate selection lines G 1 , G 2 , G 3 . . . Gn, and in synchronism herewith, picture signals are supplied from the data signal driver to display a picture (image).
[0074] By driving a display panel including a luminescence layer comprising a luminescence material of the present invention, it becomes possible to provide a display which exhibits a good picture quality and is stable even for a long period display.
[0075] Some synthetic paths for providing a metal coordination compound represented by the above-mentioned formula (1) are illustrated below with reference to an iridium coordination compound (m+n=3) for example:
[0076] Other metal coordination compound (M=Pt, Rh and Pd) can also be synthesized in a similar manner.
[0077] Some specific structural examples of metal coordination compounds used in the present invention are shown in Tables 1 to Tables 17 appearing hereinafter, which are however only representative examples and are not exhaustive. Ph to sPe for CyN1, CyN2, CyC1, CyC2 and aromatic substituent(s) shown in Tables 1 to 17 represent partial structures shown below.
CyC1, CyC2
[0078] TABLE 1 No M m CyN1 CyC1 R1 R2 R3 R4 1 Ir 3 Pr Ph H H sPh H 2 Ir 3 Pr Ph H H sNp1 H 3 Ir 3 Pr Ph H H sNp2 H 4 Ir 3 Pr Ph H H sTn1 H 5 Ir 3 Pr Ph H H sTn3 H 6 Ir 3 Pr Ph H H sPr H 7 Ir 3 Pr Ph H H sPe H 8 Ir 3 Pr Tn1 H H sPh H 9 Ir 3 Pr Tn1 H H sNp1 H 10 Ir 3 Pr Tn1 H H sNp2 H 11 Ir 3 Pr Tn1 H H sTn1 H 12 Ir 3 Pr Tn1 H H sTn3 H 13 Ir 3 Pr Tn1 H H sPr H 14 Ir 3 Pr Tn1 H H sPe H 15 Ir 3 Pr Tn2 H H sPh H 16 Ir 3 Pr Tn2 H H sNp1 H 17 Ir 3 Pr Tn2 H H sNp2 H 18 Ir 3 Pr Tn2 H H sTn1 H 19 Ir 3 Pr Tn2 H H sTn3 H 20 Ir 3 Pr Tn2 H H sPr H 21 Ir 3 Pr Tn2 H H sPe H 22 Ir 3 Pr Tn3 H H sPh H 23 Ir 3 Pr Tn3 H H sNp1 H 24 Ir 3 Pr Tn3 H H sNp2 H 25 Ir 3 Pr Tn3 H H sTn1 H 26 Ir 3 Pr Tn3 H H sTn3 H 27 Ir 3 Pr Tn3 H H sPr H 28 Ir 3 Pr Tn3 H H sPe H 29 Ir 3 Pr Tn4 H H sPh H 30 Ir 3 Pr Tn4 H H sNp1 H 31 Ir 3 Pr Tn4 H H sNp2 H 32 Ir 3 Pr Tn4 H H sTn1 H 33 Ir 3 Pr Tn4 H H sTn3 H 34 Ir 3 Pr Tn4 H H sPr H 35 Ir 3 Pr Tn4 H H sPe H 36 Ir 3 Pr Np1 H H sPh H 37 Ir 3 Pr Np1 H H sNp1 H 38 Ir 3 Pr Np1 H H sNp2 H 39 Ir 3 Pr Np1 H H sTn1 H 40 Ir 3 Pr Np1 H H sTn3 H 41 Ir 3 Pr Np1 H H sPr H 42 Ir 3 Pr Np1 H H sPe H 43 Ir 3 Pr Np2 H H H sPh 44 Ir 3 Pr Np2 H H sNp1 H 45 Ir 3 Pr Np2 H H sNp2 H 46 Ir 3 Pr Np2 H H sTn1 H 47 Ir 3 Pr Np2 H H sTn3 H 48 Ir 3 Pr Np2 H H sPr H 49 Ir 3 Pr Np2 H H sPe H 50 Ir 3 Pr Pe H H sPh H 51 Ir 3 Pr Pe H H sNp1 H 52 Ir 3 Pr Pe H H sNp2 H
[0079] TABLE 2 No M m CyN1 CyC1 R1 R2 R3 R4 53 Ir 3 Pr Pe H H sTn1 H 54 Ir 3 Pr Pe H H sTn3 H 55 Ir 3 Pr Pe H H sPr H 56 Ir 3 Pr Pe H H sPe H 57 Ir 3 Pr Cn1 H H sPh H 58 Ir 3 Pr Cn1 H H sNp1 H 59 Ir 3 Pr Cn1 H H sNp2 H 60 Ir 3 Pr Cn1 H H sTn1 H 61 Ir 3 Pr Cn1 H H sTn3 H 62 Ir 3 Pr Cn1 H H sPr H 63 Ir 3 Pr Cn1 H H sPe H 64 Ir 3 Pr Cn2 H H sPh H 65 Ir 3 Pr Cn2 H H sNp1 H 66 Ir 3 Pr Cn2 H H sNp2 H 67 Ir 3 Pr Cn2 H H sTn1 H 68 Ir 3 Pr Cn2 H H sTn3 H 69 Ir 3 Pr Cn2 H H sPr H 70 Ir 3 Pr Cn2 H H sPe H 71 Ir 3 Pr Cz H H sPh H 72 Ir 3 Pr Cz H H sNp1 H 73 Ir 3 Pr Cz H H sNp2 H 74 Ir 3 Pr Cz H H sTn1 H 75 Ir 3 Pr Cz H H sTn3 H 76 Ir 3 Pr Cz H H sPr H 77 Ir 3 Pr Cz H H sPe H 78 Ir 3 Pd Ph H H sPh H 79 Ir 3 Pd Ph H H sNp1 H 80 Ir 3 Pd Ph H H sNp2 H 81 Ir 3 Pd Ph H H sTn1 H 82 Ir 3 Pd Ph H H sTn3 H 83 Ir 3 Pd Ph H H sPr H 84 Ir 3 Pd Ph H H sPe H 85 Ir 3 Pd Tn1 H H sPh H 86 Ir 3 Pd Tn1 H H sNp1 H 87 Ir 3 Pd Tn1 H H sNp2 H 88 Ir 3 Pd Tn1 H H sTn1 H 89 Ir 3 Pd Tn1 H H sTn3 H 90 Ir 3 Pd Tn1 H H sPr H 91 Ir 3 Pd Tn1 H H sPe H 92 Ir 3 Pd Tn2 H H sPh H 93 Ir 3 Pd Tn2 H H sNp1 H 94 Ir 3 Pd Tn2 H H sNp2 H 95 Ir 3 Pd Tn2 H H sTn1 H 96 Ir 3 Pd Tn2 H H sTn3 H 97 Ir 3 Pd Tn2 H H sPr H 98 Ir 3 Pd Tn2 H H sPe H 99 Ir 3 Pd Tn3 H H sPh H 100 Ir 3 Pd Tn3 H H sNp1 H 101 Ir 3 Pd Tn3 H H sNp2 H 102 Ir 3 Pd Tn3 H H sTn1 H 103 Ir 3 Pd Tn3 H H sTn3 H 104 Ir 3 Pd Tn3 H H sPr H
[0080] TABLE 3 No M m CyN1 CyC1 R1 R2 R3 R4 105 Ir 3 Pd Tn3 H H sPe H 106 Ir 3 Pd Tn4 H H sPh H 107 Ir 3 Pd Tn4 H H sNp1 H 108 Ir 3 Pd Tn4 H H sNp2 H 109 Ir 3 Pd Tn4 H H sTn1 H 110 Ir 3 Pd Tn4 H H sTn3 H 111 Ir 3 Pd Tn4 H H sPr H 112 Ir 3 Pd Tn4 H H sPe H 113 Ir 3 Pd Np1 H H sPh H 114 Ir 3 Pd Np1 H H sNp1 H 115 Ir 3 Pd Np1 H H sNp2 H 116 Ir 3 Pd Np1 H H sTn1 H 117 Ir 3 Pd Np1 H H sTn3 H 118 Ir 3 Pd Np1 H H sPr H 119 Ir 3 Pd Np1 H H sPe H 120 Ir 3 Pd Np2 H H sPh H 121 Ir 3 Pd Np2 H H sNp1 H 122 Ir 3 Pd Np2 H H sNp2 H 123 Ir 3 Pd Np2 H H sTn1 H 124 Ir 3 Pd Np2 H H sTn3 H 125 Ir 3 Pd Np2 H H sPr H 126 Ir 3 Pd Np2 H H sPe H 127 Ir 3 Pd Pe H H sPh H 128 Ir 3 Pd Pe H H sNp1 H 129 Ir 3 Pd Pe H H sNp2 H 130 Ir 3 Pd Pe H H sTn1 H 131 Ir 3 Pd Pe H H sTn3 H 132 Ir 3 Pd Pe H H sPr H 133 Ir 3 Pd Pe H H sPe H 134 Ir 3 Pd Cn1 H H sPh H 135 Ir 3 Pd Cn1 H H sNp1 H 136 Ir 3 Pd Cn1 H H sNp2 H 137 Ir 3 Pd Cn1 H H sTn1 H 138 Ir 3 Pd Cn1 H H sTn3 H 139 Ir 3 Pd Cn1 H H sPr H 140 Ir 3 Pd Cn1 H H sPe H 141 Ir 3 Pd Cn2 H H sPh H 142 Ir 3 Pd Cn2 H H sNp1 H 143 Ir 3 Pd Cn2 H H sNp2 H 144 Ir 3 Pd Cn2 H H sTn1 H 145 Ir 3 Pd Cn2 H H sTn3 H 146 Ir 3 Pd Cn2 H H sPr H 147 Ir 3 Pd Cn2 H H sPe H 148 Ir 3 Pd Cz H H sPh H 149 Ir 3 Pd Cz H H sNp1 H 150 Ir 3 Pd Cz H H sNp2 H 151 Ir 3 Pd Cz H H sTn1 H 152 Ir 3 Pd Cz H H sTn3 H 153 Ir 3 Pd Cz H H sPr H 154 Ir 3 Pd Cz H H sPe H 155 Ir 3 Pz Ph H H sPh H 156 Ir 3 Pd Ph H H sNp1 H
[0081] TABLE 4 No M m CyN1 CyC1 R1 R2 R3 R4 157 Ir 3 Pd Ph H H sNp2 H 158 Ir 3 Pd Ph H H sTn1 H 159 Ir 3 Pd Ph H H sTn3 H 160 Ir 3 Pd Ph H H sPr H 161 Ir 3 Pd Ph H H sPe H 162 Ir 3 Pd Tn1 H H sPh H 163 Ir 3 Pd Tn1 H H sNp1 H 164 Ir 3 Pd Tn1 H H sNp2 H 165 Ir 3 Pd Tn1 H H sTn1 H 166 Ir 3 Pd Tn1 H H sTn3 H 167 Ir 3 Pd Tn1 H H sPr H 168 Ir 3 Pd Tn1 H H sPe H 169 Ir 3 Pd Tn2 H H sPh H 170 Ir 3 Pd Tn2 H H sNp1 H 171 Ir 3 Pd Tn2 H H sNp2 H 172 Ir 3 Pd Tn2 H H sTn1 H 173 Ir 3 Pd Tn2 H H sTn3 H 174 Ir 3 Pd Tn2 H H sPr H 175 Ir 3 Pd Tn2 H H sPe H 176 Ir 3 Pd Tn3 H H sPh H 177 Ir 3 Pd Tn3 H H sNp1 H 178 Ir 3 Pd Tn3 H H sNp2 H 179 Ir 3 Pd Tn3 H H sTn1 H 180 Ir 3 Pd Tn3 H H sTn3 H 181 Ir 3 Pd Tn3 H H sPr H 182 Ir 3 Pd Tn3 H H sPe H 183 Ir 3 Pd Tn4 H H sPh H 184 Ir 3 Pd Tn4 H H sNp1 H 185 Ir 3 Pd Tn4 H H sNp2 H 186 Ir 3 Pd Tn4 H H sTn1 H 187 Ir 3 Pd Tn4 H H sTn3 H 188 Ir 3 Pd Tn4 H H sPr H 189 Ir 3 Pd Tn4 H H sPe H 190 Ir 3 Pd Np1 H H sPh H 191 Ir 3 Pd Np1 H H sNp1 H 192 Ir 3 Pd Np1 H H sNp2 H 193 Ir 3 Pd Np1 H H sTn1 H 194 Ir 3 Pd Np1 H H sTn3 H 195 Ir 3 Pd Np1 H H sPr H 196 Ir 3 Pd Np1 H H sPe H 197 Ir 3 Pd Np2 H H sPh H 198 Ir 3 Pd Np2 H H sNp1 H 199 Ir 3 Pd Np2 H H sNp2 H 200 Ir 3 Pd Np2 H H sTn1 H 201 Ir 3 Pd Np2 H H sTn3 H 202 Ir 3 Pd Np2 H H sPr H 203 Ir 3 Pd Np2 H H sPe H 204 Ir 3 Pd Pe H H sPh H 205 Ir 3 Pd Pe H H sNp1 H 206 Ir 3 Pd Pe H H sNp2 H 207 Ir 3 Pd Pe H H sTn1 H 208 Ir 3 Pd Pe H H sTn3 H
[0082] TABLE 5 No M m CyN1 CyC1 R1 R2 R3 R4 209 Ir 3 Pd Pe H H sPr H 210 Ir 3 Pd Pe H H sPe H 211 Ir 3 Pd Cn1 H H sPh H 212 Ir 3 Pd Cn1 H H sNp1 H 213 Ir 3 Pd Cn1 H H sNp2 H 214 Ir 3 Pd Cn1 H H sTn1 H 215 Ir 3 Pd Cn1 H H sTn3 H 216 Ir 3 Pd Cn1 H H sPr H 217 Ir 3 Pd Cn1 H H sPe H 218 Ir 3 Pd Cn2 H H sPh H 219 Ir 3 Pd Cn2 H H sNp1 H 220 Ir 3 Pd Cn2 H H sNp2 H 221 Ir 3 Pd Cn2 H H sTn1 H 222 Ir 3 Pd Cn2 H H sTn3 H 223 Ir 3 Pd Cn2 H H sPr H 224 Ir 3 Pd Cn2 H H sPe H 225 Ir 3 Pd Cz H H sPh H 226 Ir 3 Pd Cz H H sNp1 H 227 Ir 3 Pd Cz H H sNp2 H 228 Ir 3 Pd Cz H H sTn1 H 229 Ir 3 Pd Cz H H sTn3 H 230 Ir 3 Pd Cz H H sPr H 231 Ir 3 Pd Cz H H sPe H 232 Ir 3 Pz Ph H H sPh H 233 Ir 3 Pz Ph H H sNp1 H 234 Ir 3 Pz Ph H H sNp2 H 235 Ir 3 Pz Ph H H sTn1 H 236 Ir 3 Pz Ph H H sTn3 H 237 Ir 3 Pz Ph H H sPr H 238 Ir 3 Pz Ph H H sPe H 239 Ir 3 Pz Tn1 H H sPh H 240 Ir 3 Pz Tn1 H H sNp1 H 241 Ir 3 Pz Tn1 H H sNp2 H 242 Ir 3 Pz Tn1 H H sTn1 H 243 Ir 3 Pz Tn1 H H sTn3 H 244 Ir 3 Pz Tn1 H H sPr H 245 Ir 3 Pz Tn1 H H sPe H 246 Ir 3 Pz Tn2 H H sPh H 247 Ir 3 Pz Tn2 H H sNp1 H 248 Ir 3 Pz Tn2 H H sNp2 H 249 Ir 3 Pz Tn2 H H sTn1 H 250 Ir 3 Pz Tn2 H H sTn3 H 251 Ir 3 Pz Tn2 H H sPr H 252 Ir 3 Pz Tn2 H H sPe H 253 Ir 3 Pz Tn3 H H sPh H 254 Ir 3 Pz Tn3 H H sNp1 H 255 Ir 3 Pz Tn3 H H sNp2 H 256 Ir 3 Pz Tn3 H H sTn1 H 257 Ir 3 Pz Tn3 H H sTn3 H 258 Ir 3 Pz Tn3 H H sPr H 259 Ir 3 Pz Tn3 H H sPe H 260 Ir 3 Pz Tn4 H H sPh H
[0083] TABLE 6 No M m CyN1 CyC1 R1 R2 R3 R4 261 Ir 3 Pz Tn4 H H sNp1 H 262 Ir 3 Pz Tn4 H H sNp2 H 263 Ir 3 Pz Tn4 H H sTn1 H 264 Ir 3 Pz Tn4 H H sTn3 H 265 Ir 3 Pz Tn4 H H sPr H 266 Ir 3 Pz Tn4 H H sPe H 267 Ir 3 Pz Np1 H H sPh H 268 Ir 3 Pz Np1 H H sNp1 H 269 Ir 3 Pz Np1 H H sNp2 H 270 Ir 3 Pz Np1 H H sTn1 H 271 Ir 3 Pz Np1 H H sTn3 H 272 Ir 3 Pz Np1 H H sPr H 273 Ir 3 Pz Np1 H H sPe H 274 Ir 3 Pz Np2 H H sPh H 275 Ir 3 Pz Np2 H H sNp1 H 276 Ir 3 Pz Np2 H H sNp2 H 277 Ir 3 Pz Np2 H H sTn1 H 278 Ir 3 Pz Np2 H H sTn3 H 279 Ir 3 Pz Np2 H H sPr H 280 Ir 3 Pz Np2 H H sPe H 281 Ir 3 Pz Pe H H sPh H 282 Ir 3 Pz Pe H H sNp1 H 283 Ir 3 Pz Pe H H sNp2 H 284 Ir 3 Pz Pe H H sTn1 H 285 Ir 3 Pz Pe H H sTn3 H 286 Ir 3 Pz Pe H H sPr H 287 Ir 3 Pz Pe H H sPe H 288 Ir 3 Pz Cn1 H H sPh H 289 Ir 3 Pz Cn1 H H sNp1 H 290 Ir 3 Pz Cn1 H H sNp2 H 291 Ir 3 Pz Cn1 H H sTn1 H 292 Ir 3 Pz Cn1 H H sTn3 H 293 Ir 3 Pz Cn1 H H sPr H 294 Ir 3 Pz Cn1 H H sPe H 295 Ir 3 Pz Cn2 H H sPh H 296 Ir 3 Pz Cn2 H H sNp1 H 297 Ir 3 Pz Cn2 H H sNp2 H 298 Ir 3 Pz Cn2 H H sTn1 H 299 Ir 3 Pz Cn2 H H sTn3 H 300 Ir 3 Pz Cn2 H H sPr H 301 Ir 3 Pz Cn2 H H sPe H 302 Ir 3 Pz Cz H H sPh H 303 Ir 3 Pz Cz H H sNp1 H 304 Ir 3 Pz Cz H H sNp2 H 305 Ir 3 Pz Cz H H sTn1 H 306 Ir 3 Pz Cz H H sTn3 H 307 Ir 3 Pz Cz H H sPr H 308 Ir 3 Pz Cz H H sPe H 309 Ir 3 Py1 Ph H H sPh H 310 Ir 3 Py1 Ph H H sNp1 H 311 Ir 3 Py1 Ph H H sTn1 H 312 Ir 3 Py1 Ph H H sTn3 H
[0084] TABLE 7 No M m CyN1 CyC1 R1 R2 R3 R4 313 Ir 3 Py1 Tn1 H H sPh H 314 Ir 3 Py1 Tn1 H H sNp1 H 315 Ir 3 Py1 Tn1 H H sTn1 H 316 Ir 3 Py1 Tn1 H H sTn3 H 317 Ir 3 Py1 Tn3 H H sPh H 318 Ir 3 Py1 Tn3 H H sNp1 H 319 Ir 3 Py1 Tn3 H H sTn1 H 320 Ir 3 Py1 Tn3 H H sTn3 H 321 Ir 3 Py1 Tn4 H H sPh H 322 Ir 3 Py1 Tn4 H H sNp1 H 323 Ir 3 Py1 Tn4 H H sTn1 H 324 Ir 3 Py1 Tn4 H H sTn3 H 325 Ir 3 Py1 Np2 H H sPh H 326 Ir 3 Py1 Np2 H H sNp1 H 327 Ir 3 Py1 Np2 H H sTn1 H 328 Ir 3 Py1 Np2 H H sTn3 H 329 Ir 3 Py2 Ph H H sPh H 330 Ir 3 Py2 Ph H H sNp1 H 331 Ir 3 Py2 Ph H H sTn1 H 332 Ir 3 Py2 Ph H H sTn3 H 333 Ir 3 Py2 Tn1 H H sPh H 334 Ir 3 Py2 Tn1 H H sNp1 H 335 Ir 3 Py2 Tn1 H H sTn1 H 336 Ir 3 Py2 Tn1 H H sTn3 H 337 Ir 3 Py2 Tn3 H H sPh H 338 Ir 3 Py2 Tn3 H H sNp1 H 339 Ir 3 Py2 Tn3 H H sTn1 H 340 Ir 3 Py2 Tn3 H H sTn3 H 341 Ir 3 Py2 Tn4 H H sPh H 342 Ir 3 Py2 Tn4 H H sNp1 H 343 Ir 3 Py2 Tn4 H H sTn1 H 344 Ir 3 Py2 Tn4 H H sTn3 H 345 Ir 3 Py2 Np2 H H sPh H 346 Ir 3 Py2 Np2 H H sNp1 H 347 Ir 3 Py2 Np2 H H sTn1 H 348 Ir 3 Py2 Np2 H H sTn3 H 349 Ir 3 Pr Ph sPh H H H 350 Ir 3 Pr Ph sNp2 H H H 351 Ir 3 Pr Ph sTn1 H H H 352 Ir 3 Pr Ph sTn3 H H H 353 Ir 3 Pr Tn1 sPh H H H 354 Ir 3 Pr Tn1 sNp2 H H H 355 Ir 3 Pr Tn1 sTn1 H H H 356 Ir 3 Pr Tn1 sTn3 H H H 357 Ir 3 Pr Tn3 sPh H H H 358 Ir 3 Pr Tn3 sNp2 H H H 359 Ir 3 Pr Tn3 sTn1 H H H 360 Ir 3 Pr Tn3 sTn3 H H H 361 Ir 3 Pr Np2 sPh H H H 362 Ir 3 Pr Np2 sNp2 H H H 363 Ir 3 Pr Np2 sTn1 H H H 364 Ir 3 Pr Np2 sTn3 H H H
[0085] TABLE 8 No M m CyN1 CyC1 R1 R2 R3 R4 365 Ir 3 Pz Ph sPh H H H 366 Ir 3 Pz Ph sNp2 H H H 367 Ir 3 Pz Ph sTn1 H H H 368 Ir 3 Pz Ph sTn3 H H H 369 Ir 3 Pz Tn1 sPh H H H 370 Ir 3 Pz Tn1 sNp2 H H H 371 Ir 3 Pz Tn1 sTn1 H H H 372 Ir 3 Pz Tn1 sTn3 H H H 373 Ir 3 Pz Tn3 sPh H H H 374 Ir 3 Pz Tn3 sNp2 H H H 375 Ir 3 Pz Tn3 sTn1 H H H 376 Ir 3 Pz Tn3 sTn3 H H H 377 Ir 3 Pz Np2 sPh H H H 378 Ir 3 Pz Np2 sNp2 H H H 379 Ir 3 Pz Np2 sTn1 H H H 380 Ir 3 Pz Np2 sTn3 H H H
[0086] TABLE 9 No M m CyN1 CyC1 R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 381 Ir 3 Pr Ph sPh H H H H —NO2 382 Ir 3 Pr Ph sNp2 H —CH3 H H H 383 Ir 3 Pr Ph sTn1 H H H —CF3 H 384 Ir 3 Pr Ph sTn3 H H H H sPh 385 Ir 3 Pr Tn1 sPh H H H —OCH 3 H 386 Ir 3 Pr Tn1 sNp2 H H H H sPh 387 Ir 3 Pr Tn1 sTn1 H H H H —CF3 388 Ir 3 Pr Tn1 sTn3 H H H H sPh 389 Ir 3 Pr Tn3 sPh H H H —OCH 3 H 390 Ir 3 Pr Tn3 sNp2 H H H H —OCH 3 391 Ir 3 Pr Tn3 sTn1 H H H H —OCH 3 392 Ir 3 Pr Tn3 sTn3 H H H —OCH 3 H 393 Ir 3 Pr Np2 sPh H H H —OCH 3 H 394 Ir 3 Pr Np2 sNp2 H H H H sPh 395 Ir 3 Pr Np2 sTn1 H H H H sPh 396 Ir 3 Pr Np2 sTn3 H H H H —OCH 3 397 Ir 3 Pz Ph sPh H H —OCH 3 H H 398 Ir 3 Pz Ph sNp2 H H —OCH 3 H H 399 Ir 3 Pz Ph sTn1 H H H H —OCH 3 400 Ir 3 Pz Ph sTn3 H H H H —OCH 3 401 Ir 3 Pz Tn1 sPh H —C3H7 H H H 402 Ir 3 Pz Tn1 sNp2 H H H H H 403 Ir 3 Pz Tn1 sTn1 H H H H H 404 Ir 3 Pz Tn1 sTn3 H H H H sPh 405 Ir 3 Pz Tn3 sPh H H H H —OCH 3 406 Ir 3 Pz Tn3 sNp2 H H —OCH 3 H H 407 Ir 3 Pz Tn3 sTn1 H H —OCH 3 H H 408 Ir 3 Pz Tn3 sTn3 H H H H —OCH 3 409 Ir 3 Pz Np2 sPh H H H H —OCH 3 410 Ir 3 Pz Np2 sNp2 H —C3H7 H H H
[0087] TABLE 10 No M m CyN1 CyC1 R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 411 Ir 3 Pz Np2 sTn1 H H —CF3 H H 412 Ir 3 Pz Np2 sTn3 H H —CF3 H H 413 Ir 3 Ta Ph C4H9 C4H9 sPh H OCH3 H 414 Ir 3 Pr Ph sPh H H H H H 415 Ir 3 Pr Ph sNp2 H —CH3 H H H 416 Ir 3 Pr Ph sTn1 H H H H H 417 Ir 3 Pr Ph sTn3 H H H H H 418 Ir 3 Pr Tn1 sPh H H H —OCH 3 H 419 Ir 3 Pr Tn1 sNp2 H H H H H 420 Ir 3 Pr Tn1 sTn1 H H H H H 421 Ir 3 Pr Tn1 sTn3 H H H H H 422 Ir 3 Pr Tn3 sPh H H H —OCH 3 H 423 Ir 3 Pr Tn3 sNp2 H H H H H 424 Ir 3 Pr Tn3 sTn1 H —NO2 H H H 425 Ir 3 Pr Tn3 sTn3 H H H H H 426 Ir 3 Pr Np2 sPh H H H H H 427 Ir 3 Pr Np2 sNp2 H H H H H 428 Ir 3 Pr Np2 sTn1 H H H H H 429 Ir 3 Pr Np2 sTn3 H H H H H 430 Ir 3 Pz Ph sPh H H —F H H 431 Ir 3 Pz Ph sNp2 H H H H H 432 Ir 3 Pz Ph sTn1 —CN H H H H 433 Ir 3 Pz Ph sTn3 H H H H H 434 Ir 3 Pz Tn1 sPh H —C3H7 H H H 435 Ir 3 Pz Tn1 sNp2 H H —CH2— H H CH═CH —CH3 436 Ir 3 Pz Tn1 sTn1 H H H H H 437 Ir 3 Pz Tn1 sTn3 H H H H H 438 Ir 3 Pz Tn3 sPh H —SC3H7 H H H 439 Ir 3 Pz Tn3 sNp2 H H H H H 440 Ir 3 Pz Tn3 sTn1 H H H H H 441 Ir 3 Pz Tn3 sTn3 H H H H 442 Ir 3 Pz Np2 sPh H H H H H 443 Ir 3 Pz Np2 sNp2 H H H H H 444 Ir 3 Pz Np2 sTn1 H H H H H 445 Ir 3 Pz Np2 sTn3 H H H H H
[0088] TABLE 11 No M m n CyN1 CyC1 CyN2 CyC2 R1 R2 R3 R4 R1′ R2′ R3′ R4′ 446 Ir 2 1 Pr Ph Pr Tn1 sPh H H H sPh H H H 447 Ir 2 1 Pr Ph Pr Tn1 sNp2 H H H sNp2 H H H 448 Ir 2 1 Pr Ph Pr Tn1 sTn1 H H H sTn1 H H H 449 Ir 2 1 Pr Ph Pr Tn1 sTn3 H H H sTn3 H H H 450 Ir 2 1 Pr Tn3 Pr Np2 sPh H H H sPh H H H 451 Ir 2 1 Pr Tn3 Pr Np2 sNp2 H H H sNp2 H H H 452 Ir 2 1 Pr Tn3 Pr Np2 sTn1 H H H sTn1 H H H 453 Ir 2 1 Pr Tn3 Pr Np2 sTn3 H H H sTn3 H H H
[0089] TABLE 12 No M m n CyN1 CyC1 E G R1 R2 R3 R4 454 Ir Ir 1 Pr Ph —CH3 —CH3 sPh H H H 455 Ir Ir 1 Pr Ph —CH3 —CH3 sNp2 H H H 456 Ir Ir 1 Pr Ph —CH3 —CH3 sTn1 H H H 457 Ir Ir 1 Pr Ph —CH3 —CH3 H H sTn3 H 458 Ir Ir 1 Pr Tn3 —CH3 sPh H H sPh H 459 Ir Ir 1 Pr Tn3 —CH3 sPh H H sNp2 H 460 Ir Ir 1 Pr Tn3 —CH3 sPh H H sTn1 H 461 Ir Ir 1 Pr Tn3 —CH3 sPh H H sTn3 H
[0090] TABLE 13 No M m CyN1 CyC1 R1 R2 R3 R4 462 Rh 3 Pr Ph sPh H H H 463 Rh 3 Pr Ph sNp2 H H H 464 Rh 3 Pr Ph sTn1 H H H 465 Rh 3 Pr Ph sTn3 H H H 466 Rh 3 Pr Tn1 sPh H H H 467 Rh 3 Pr Tn1 sNp2 H H H 468 Rh 3 Pr Tn1 sTn1 H H H 469 Rh 3 Pr Tn1 sTn3 H H H 470 Rh 3 Pr Tn3 sPh H H H 471 Rh 3 Pr Tn3 sNp2 H H H 472 Rh 3 Pr Tn3 sTn1 H H H 473 Rh 3 Pr Tn3 sTn3 H H H 474 Rh 3 Pr Np2 sPh H H H 475 Rh 3 Pr Np2 sNp2 H H H 476 Rh 3 Pr Np2 sTn1 H H H 477 Rh 3 Pr Np2 sTn3 H H H
[0091] TABLE 14 No M m CyN1 CyC1 R1 R2 R3 R4 478 Pt 2 Pr Ph sPh H H H 479 Pt 2 Pr Ph sNp2 H H H 480 Pt 2 Pr Ph sTn1 H H H 481 Pt 2 Pr Ph sTn3 H H H 482 Pt 2 Pr Tn1 sPh H H H 483 Pt 2 Pr Tn1 sNp2 H H H 484 Pt 2 Pr Tn1 sTn1 H H H 485 Pt 2 Pr Tn1 sTn3 H H H 486 Pt 2 Pr Tn3 sPh H H H 487 Pt 2 Pr Tn3 sNp2 H H H 488 Pt 2 Pr Tn3 sTn1 H H H 489 Pt 2 Pr Tn3 sTn3 H H H 490 Pt 2 Pr Np2 sPh H H H 491 Pt 2 Pr Np2 sNp2 H H H 492 Pt 2 Pr Np2 sTn1 H H H 493 Pt 2 Pr Np2 sTn3 H H H
[0092] TABLE 15 No M m CyN1 CyC1 R1 R2 R3 R4 494 Pd 2 Pr Ph sPh H H H 495 Pd 2 Pr Ph sNp2 H H H 496 Pd 2 Pr Ph sTn1 H H H 497 Pd 2 Pr Ph sTn3 H H H 498 Pd 2 Pr Tn1 sPh H H H 499 Pd 2 Pr Tn1 sNp2 H H H 500 Pd 2 Pr Tn1 sTn1 H H H 501 Pd 2 Pr Tn1 sTn3 H H H 502 Pd 2 Pr Tn3 sPh H H H 503 Pd 2 Pr Tn3 sNp2 H H H 504 Pd 2 Pr Tn3 sTn1 H H H 505 Pd 2 Pr Tn3 sTn3 H H H 506 Pd 2 Pr Np2 sPh H H H 507 Pd 2 Pr Np2 sNp2 H H H 508 Pd 2 Pr Np2 sTn1 H H H 509 Pd 2 Pr Np2 sTn3 H H H
[0093] TABLE 16 No M m CyN1 CyC1 R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 510 Ir 3 Pr Ph sPe H H H H H 511 Ir 3 Pr Ph sPh H sPh H H 512 Ir 3 Pr Ph H sPh H H 513 Ir 3 Pr Np2 sPe H H H H H 514 Ir 3 Pr Np2 H H sTn1 H CH3 H 515 Ir 3 Pr Tn1 CH3 H sTn1 H CH3 H 516 Ir 3 Pr Tn1 sPh H sTn1 H sPh H
[0094] TABLE 17 No M m n CyN1 CyC1 R1 R2 R3 R4 E G 517 Ir 2 1 Pr Tn3 H H sPh H CH3 CH3 518 Ir 2 1 Pr Tn1 H H sTn1 H CH3 CH3 519 Ir 2 1 Pr Np2 H H sNp2 H CH3 CH3 520 Ir 3 0 Py1 Ph sPh H H H — — 521 Ir 3 0 Py1 Ph sNp1 H H H — — 522 Ir 3 0 Pr Ph H H H sPh — — 523 Ir 3 0 Pr Ph H sPh H H — — 524 Ir 3 0 Pr Tn1 Ph H H H — — 525 Ir 2 1 Py1 Ph sPh H H H CH3 CH3 526 Ir 2 1 Py1 Ph sNp1 H H H CH3 CH3 527 Ir 2 1 Pr Ph H H H sPh CH3 CH3 528 Ir 2 1 Pr Ph H sPh H H CH3 CH3 529 Ir 2 1 Pr Tn1 Ph H H H CH3 CH3
[0095] Hereinbelow, the present invention will be described more specifically based on Examples.
EXAMPLES 1-6
[0096] Each of luminescence devices having a layer structure shown in FIG. 1B were prepared in the following manner.
[0097] On a 1.1 mm-thick glass substrate (transparent substrate 15 ), a 100 nm-thick film (transparent electrode 14 ) of ITO (indium tin oxide) was formed by sputtering, followed by patterning to form a stripe electrode including 100 lines each having a width of 100 nm and a spacing with an adjacent line of 10 nm (i.e., electrode pitch of 110 nm).
[0098] On the ITO-formed substrate, three organic layers and two metal electrode layers shown below were successively formed by vacuum (vapor) deposition using resistance heating in a vacuum chamber (10 −4 Pa).
[0099] Organic layer 1 (hole transport layer 13 ) (40 nm): α-NPD
[0100] Organic layer 2 (luminescence layer 12 ) (30 nm): co-deposited film of CBP:metal complex (metal coordination compound shown in Table 20) (95:5 by weight)
[0101] Organic layer 3 (electron transport layer 16 ) (30 nm): Alq3
[0102] Metal electrode layer 1 (metal electrode 11 )
[0103] (15 nm): Al—Li alloy (Li=1.8 wt. %) Metal electrode layer 2 (metal electrode 11 ) (100 nm): Al
[0104] The above-deposited metal electrode layers 1 and 2 (Al—Li layer and Al layer) had a stripe electrode pattern including 100 lines each having a width of 100 nm and a spacing of 10 nm (electrode pitch=110 nm) and arranged so that the stripe electrode pattern intersected with that of the ITO electrode at right angles to form a matrix of pixels each having an effective electrode area of 3 mm 2 comprising 20 ITO lines bundled together at a lead-out portion and 15 Al (Al—Li) lines bundled together at a lead-out portion.
[0105] Each of the thus-prepared luminescence devices was taken out of the vacuum chamber and was subjected to a continuous energization (current passage) test in an atmosphere of dry nitrogen gas stream so as to remove device deterioration factors, such as oxygen and moisture (water content).
[0106] The continuous energization test was performed by continuously applying a voltage at a constant current density of 50 mA/cm 2 to the luminescence device having the ITO (transparent) electrode (as an anode) and the Al (metal) electrode (as a cathode), followed by measurement of emission luminance (brightness) with time so as to determine a time (luminance half-life) required for decreasing an initial luminance (60-220 cd/m 2 ) to ½ thereof.
[0107] The results are shown in Table 18 appearing hereinafter.
Comparative Example 1
[0108] A comparative luminescence device was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Examples 1-6 except that the Ir complexes (metal coordination compounds shown in Table 20) was changed to Ir-phenylpyrimidine complex (Ir(ppy) 3 ) shown below.
[0109] The results are also shown in Table 18 below.
TABLE 18 Ex. No. Compound No. Luminance half-life (Hr) Ex. 1 3 450 Ex. 2 11 550 Ex. 3 22 500 Ex. 4 43 500 Ex. 5 45 600 Ex. 6 385 400 Ex. 7 413 650 Comp.Ex. 1 Ir(ppy) 3 300
[0110] As is apparent from Table 18, compared with the conventional luminescence device using Ir(ppy) 3 , the luminescence devices using the metal coordination compounds of formula (1) according to the present invention provide longer luminance half-lives, thus resulting in an EL device having a high durability (luminance stability) based on a good stability of the metal coordination compound of formula (1) of the present invention.
EXAMPLE 7
[0111] A color organic EL display apparatus shown in FIG. 2 was prepared in the following manner.
[0112] An active matrix substrate had a planar structure basically similar to a structure described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,114,715.
[0113] Specifically, on a 1.1 mm-thick glass substrate, top state-type TFTs of polycrystalline silicon were formed in an ordinary manner and thereon, a flattening film was formed with contact holes for electrical connection with a pixel electrode (anode) at respective source regions, thus preparing an active matrix substrate with a TFT circuit.
[0114] On the active matrix substrate, a 700 nm-thick pixel electrode (anode) of ITO having a larger work function was formed in a prescribed pattern. On the ITO electrode, prescribed organic layers and a 100 nm-thick Al electrode (cathode) were successively formed by vacuum deposition with a hard mask, followed by patterning to form a matrix of color pixels (128×128 pixels).
[0115] The respective organic layers corresponding to three color pixels (red (R) green (G) and blue (B)) were-consisting of the following layers.
R Pixel Region
[0116] α-NPD (40 nm)/CBP: Ex. Comp. No. 22 (93:7 by weight) (30 nm)/BCP (20 nm)/Alq 3 (40 nm)
G Pixel Region
[0117] α-NPD (50 nm)/Alq 3 (50 nm)
B Pixel Region
[0118] α-NPD (50 nm)/BCP (20 nm)/Alq 3 (50 nm)
[0119] When the thus-prepared color organic EL display apparatus was driven, desired color image data can be displayed stably with good image qualities.
EXAMPLE 8
Synthesis of Example Compound No. 22
[0120]
[0121] In a 500 ml-three-necked flask, 12.6 g (85.2 mM) of 2,5-dichloropyridine, 15.2 g (85.4 mM) of benzothiophene-2-boronic acid, 75 ml of toluene, 37.5 ml of ethanol and 75 ml of 2M-sodium carbonate aqueous solution were placed and stirred at room temperature under nitrogen stream, and 3.06 g (2.64 mM) of tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (0) was added thereto, followed by refluxing under stirring for 8 hours under nitrogen stream. After the reaction, the reaction mixture was cooled on an ice bath to precipitate a crystal, which was then filtered out and washed with water. To the crystal, 100 ml of methanol was added and washed under stirring at room temperature, followed by filtration to recover the crystal. The crystal was purified by silica gel column chromatography (eluent: chloroform) and recrystallized from a mixture solvent of chloroform-methanol to obtain 11.8 g (Yield: 56.4%) of 5-chloro-2-(benzo[b]thienyl)pyridine (colorless crystal).
[0122] In a 100 ml-three-necked flask, 4.91 g (20.0 mM) of 5-chloro-2-(benzo[b]thienyl)pyridine, 3.66 g (30.0 mM) of phenylboronic acid, 9.58 g (40.0 mM) of tripotassium phosphate hydrate, 3.2 mg (0.020 mM) of palladium (II) acetate, 11.9 mg (0.040 mM) of 2-ditert-butylphosphinobiphenyl and 60 ml of toluene were placed and refluxed under stirring for 24 hours at 100° C. under nitrogen stream. After the reaction, the reaction mixture was cooled on an ice bath to precipitate a crystal, which was then filtered out and washed with water. To the crystal, 25 ml of methanol was added and washed under stirring at room temperature, followed by recovery by filtration. The crystal was purified by silica gel column chromatography (eluent: chloroform) and recrystallized from a chloroform-methanol mixture solvent to obtain 1.17 g (Yield: 20.4%) of 2-(benzo[b]thienyl)-5-phenylpyridine (colorless crystal).
[0123] In a 100 ml-four-necked flask, 50 ml of glycerol was placed and heated at 130-140° C. under stirring and bubbling with nitrogen for 2 hours. Then, the glycerol was cooled by standing to 100° C., and 1.15 g (4.00 mM) of 2-(benzo[b]thienyl)-5-phenylpyridine and 0.40 g (0.82 mM) of iridium (III) acetylacetonate were added thereto, followed by stirring for 5 hours at 180-235° C. under nitrogen stream. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and poured into 300 ml of IN-hydrochloric acid to form a precipitate. The precipitate was recovered by filtration and washed with water, followed by drying for 5 hours at 100° C. under reduced pressure. The resultant precipitate was silica gel column chromatography (eluent: chloroform) to obtain 0.26 g (Yield: 30.2%) of red powdery tris[2-(benzo-[b]thienyl)-5-phenylpyridine-C 2 ,N]iridium (III).
[0124] According to MALDI-TOF MS (matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectroscopy), the compound exhibited M + (mass number of the corresponding cation formed by removal of 1 electron) of 1051.2, thus confirming the objective iridium complex.
[0125] When the compound was dissolved in toluene and subjected to measurement of phosphorescence spectrum at an excited light wavelength of 380 nm by using a fluorescence spectrometer, the compound exhibited a phosphorescence spectrum showing λmax (maximum emission wavelength) of 620 nm, thus confirming clear red luminescence.
[0126] When the luminescence device prepared in Example 3 using the above-synthesized metal coordination compound (Ex. Comp. No. 22) was subjected to measurement of phosphorescence spectrum in a similar manner, a clear red luminescence was confirmed similarly as in the case of the compound in toluene described above.
EXAMPLE 9
Synthesis of Ex. Comp. No. 11
[0127] A metal coordination compound (Ex. Comp. No. 11) was synthesized through the following reaction schemes. Hereinafter, the synthesis yield is simply represented by “Y”.
[0128] According to MALDI-TOF MS, the compound exhibited M + =919.0, thus being identified as the objective iridium compound.
[0129] When the compound was dissolved in toluene and subjected to measurement of phosphorescence spectrum at an excited light wavelength of 400 nm by using a fluorescence spectrometer, the compound exhibited a phosphorescence spectrum showing λmax (maximum emission wavelength) of 612 nm, thus confirming clear red luminescence.
[0130] When a luminescence device having a layer structure shown below and using the above-synthesized metal coordination compound (Ex. Comp. No. 11) was prepared and subjected to measurement of phosphorescence spectrum in a similar manner, a clear red luminescence was confirmed similarly as in the case of the compound in toluene described above.
[0131] ITO (100 nm)/α-NPD (40 nm)/CBP: Ex. Comp. No. 11 (95:5 by weight)(30 nm)/BCP (20 nm)/Alq3 (40 nm)/Al—Li (1 nm)/Al (100 nm).
[0132] Further, the luminescence device exhibited a good rectifying characteristic.
[0133] Specifically, FIG. 3A is a graph showing a relationship between an electric field strength (E) and a current density of the luminescence device, and FIG. 3B is a graph showing a relationship between an electric field strength (E) and a luminance (L) of the luminescence device. Further, FIG. 3C shows a luminescence spectrum of the luminescence device under application of a voltage of 10 volts.
[0134] The luminescence device exhibited a luminescence efficiency of 0.8 lm/W under application of a voltage of 10 volts. The luminescence device also emitted stable luminescence even when the luminescence device was continuously supplied with the voltage for ca. 200 hours.
EXAMPLE 10
Synthesis of Ex. Comp. No. 45
[0135] A metal coordination compound (Ex. Comp. No. 45) was synthesized through the following reaction schemes.
[0136] According to MALDI-TOF MS, the compound exhibited M + =1183.3, thus being identified as the objective iridium compound.
[0137] When the compound was dissolved in toluene and subjected to measurement of phosphorescence spectrum at an excited light wavelength of 380 nm by using a fluorescence spectrometer, the compound exhibited a phosphorescence spectrum showing λmax (maximum emission wavelength) of 603 nm, thus confirming clear reddish orange luminescence.
[0138] When the luminescence device prepared in Example 5 using the above-synthesized metal coordination compound (Ex. Comp. No. 45) was subjected to measurement of phosphorescence spectrum in a similar manner, a clear reddish orange luminescence was confirmed similarly as in the case of the compound in toluene described above.
[0139] Further, the luminescence device exhibited a good rectifying characteristic.
[0140] The luminescence device exhibited a luminescence efficiency of 0.5 lm/W under application of a voltage of 8 volts. The luminescence device also emitted stable luminescence even when the luminescence device was continuously supplied with the voltage for ca. 150 hours.
EXAMPLE 11
Another Synthesis of Ex. Comp. No. 22
[0141] Tris[2-(benzo[b]thienyl)-5-phenylpyridine-C 2 ,N]iridium (III) (Ex. Comp. No. 22) prepared in Example 8 was synthesized through another reaction schemes shown below.
[0142] In a 200 ml-three-necked flask, 0.58 mg (1.64 mmole) of iridium (III) chloride-trihydrate (made by Across Organics Co.), 1.5 g (5.22 mmole) of 2-(benzo[b]thienyl)-5-phenylpyridine, 45 ml of ethoxyethanol and 15 ml of water were placed and stirred for 30 min. at room temperature under nitrogen stream, followed by 24 hours of reflux under stirring. The reaction product was cooled to room temperature, and the precipitate was recovered by filtration and washed with water, followed successive washing with ethanol and acetone. After drying under a reduced pressure at room temperature, 1.02 g of red powdery tetrakis[2-(benzo[b]thienyl)-5-phenylpyridine-C 2 ,N]-(μ-dichloro)diiridium (III) was obtained.
[0143] In a 200 ml-three-necked flask, 70 ml of ethoxyethanol, 0.95 g (0.72 mmole) of tetrakis[2-(benzo[b]thienyl)-5-phenylpyridine-C 2 N](μ-dichloro)-diiridium (III), 0.22 g (2.10 mM) of acetylacetone and 1.04 g (9.91 mM) of sodium carbonate, were placed and stirred for 1 hour at room temperature under nitrogen stream and then refluxed under stirring for 15 hours. The reaction product was cooled with ice, and the precipitate was filtered out and washed with water. The precipitate was then purified by silica gel column chromatography (eluent: chloroform/methanol=30/1) to obtain 0.43 g of red powdery bis[2-(benzo[b]thienyl)-5-phenylpyridine-C 2 ,N](acetylacetonato)-iridium (III) (Example Compound No. 517). According to MALDI-TOF MS, M + of 864.2 of the compound was confirmed. A toluene solution of the compound exhibited a luminescence spectrum showing λmax=631 nm and a quantum yield of 0.18 relative to 1.0 of Ir(ppy) 3 .
[0144] In a 100 ml-three-necked flask, 0.27 g (0.94 mM) of 2-(benzo[b]thienyl)-5-phenylpyridine, 0.36 g (0.42 mM) of bis[2-benzo[b]thienyl)-5-phenylpyridine-C 2 ,N](acetylacetonato)iridium (III) and 25 ml of glycerol, were placed and heated around 180° C. for 8 hours under stirring and nitrogen stream. The reaction product was cooled to room temperature and poured into 170 ml of 1N-hydrochloric acid, and the precipitate was filtered out, washed with water and dried at 100° C. under a reduced pressure for 5 hours. The precipitate was purified by silica gel column chromatography with chloroform as the eluent to obtain 0.27 g of red powdery tris[2-(benzo[g]thienyl-5-phenylpyridine-C 2 ,N]iridium (III) (Example Compound No. 22). According to MALDI-TOF MS, M + of 1051.2 of the compound was confirmed. A toluene solution of the compound exhibited a luminescence spectrum showing λmax=627 nm and a quantum yield of 0.17 relative to 1.0 of Ir(ppy) 3 .
[0145] The above-synthesized compound and a luminescence device prepared by using the compound exhibited luminescence characteristics similar to those of the compound and luminescence device prepared in Example 8.
[0146] Bis[2-(benzo[g]thienyl)-5-phenylpyridine-C 2 ,N]iridium (III) (Ex. Comp. No. 517) prepared in this example as an intermediate product exhibited λmax which was longer by ca. 4 nm than that of the final product (Ex. Comp. No. 22) having three identical ligands. Further, when a luminescence device using the intermediate product was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 8, the luminescence device exhibited a luminescence spectrum showing λmax=631 nm. Accordingly, the intermediate product used in this example can also be used as a luminescence material.
EXAMPLE 12
Another Synthesis of Ex. Comp. No. 45
[0147] The metal coordination compound (Ex. Comp. No. 45) prepared in Example 10 was synthesized through another reaction schemes shown below.
[0148] In a 200 ml-three-necked flask, 0.58 mg (1.64 mmole) of iridium (III) chloride-trihydrate (made by Across Organics Co.), 1.7 g (5.1 mmole) of a compound (1), 45 ml of ethoxyethanol and 15 ml of water were placed and stirred for 30 min. at room temperature under nitrogen stream, followed by 24 hours of reflux under stirring. The reaction product was cooled to room temperature, and the precipitate was recovered by filtration and washed with water, followed successive washing with ethanol and acetone. After drying under a reduced pressure at room temperature, 1.0 g (yield=93.4%) of red powdery compound (2) was obtained.
[0149] In a 200 ml-three-necked flask, 70 ml of ethoxyethanol, 0.90 g (0.71 mmole) of the compound (2), 0.22 g (2.10 mmole) of acetylacetone and 1.04 g (9.91 mmole) of sodium carbonate, were placed and stirred for 1 hour at room temperature under nitrogen stream and then refluxed under stirring for 15 hours. The reaction product was cooled with ice, and the precipitate was filtered out and washed with water. The precipitate was then purified by silica gel column chromatography (eluent: chloroform/methanol=30/1) to obtain 0.39 g of red powdery compound (3) (Example Compound No. 519). According to MALDI-TOF MS, M + of 952.3 of the compound was confirmed. A toluene solution of the compound exhibited a luminescence spectrum showing λmax=608 nm and a higher quantum yield of 0.30 relative to 1.0 of Ir(ppy) 3 in this emission wavelength region.
[0150] In a 100 ml-three-necked flask, 0.29 g (0.88 mM) of the compound (1) 0.34 g (0.35 mM) of the compound (3) and 25 ml of glycerol, were placed and heated around 180° C. for 8 hours under stirring and nitrogen stream. The reaction product was cooled to room temperature and poured into 170 ml of 1N-hydrochloric acid, and the precipitate was filtered out, washed with water and dried at 100° C. under a reduced pressure for 5 hours. The precipitate was purified by silica gel column chromatography with chloroform as the eluent to obtain 0.23 g of red powdery compound (4) (Example Compound No. 45). According to MALDI-TOF MS, M + of 1183.4 of the compound was confirmed. A toluene solution of the compound exhibited a luminescence spectrum showing λmax=603 nm and a quantum yield of 0.278 relative to 1.0 of Ir(ppy) 3 .
[0151] The above-synthesized compound and a luminescence device prepared by using the compound exhibited luminescence characteristics similar to those of the compound and luminescence device prepared in Example 10.
[0152] The compound (3) (Ex. Comp. No. 519) prepared in this example as an intermediate product exhibited λmax which was longer by ca. 4 nm than that of the final product (Ex. Comp. No. 45) having three identical ligands. Further, when a luminescence device using the intermediate product was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 10, the luminescence device exhibited a luminescence spectrum showing λmax=608 nm and an external luminescence yield of 0.7 lm/W. Further, the luminescence device emitted stable luminescence even when continuously supplied with the voltage for ca. 100 hours. Accordingly, the intermediate product used in this example can also be used as a luminescence material.
EXAMPLE 13
Synthesis of Ex. Comp. Nos. 520 and 525
[0153] It is easy to synthesize the following compounds in the same manner as in Example 11 except that 4-chloropyrimidine is synthesized from 4(3H)-pyrimidone (made by Aldrich Co.) in the same manner as the process described at pages 37 and 38 of JP-A (Tokuhyo) 2001-504113 (corr. to U.S. Pat. No. 6,300,330) and is reacted with 4-phenylboronic acid (made by Lancaster Co.) to obtain 4-(biphenyl-4-yl)pyrimidine, which is used instead of 2-(benzo[b]thienyl)-5-phenylpyridine.
[0154] Bis[4-(biphenyl-4-yl)pyridine-C 3, N 3 ] (acetylacetonato) iridium (III) (Ex. Comp. No. 520).
[0155] Tris[4-(biphenyl-4-yl)pyrimidine-C 3 ,N 3 ] iridium (III) (Ex. Comp. No. 525).
EXAMPLE 14
Synthesis of Ex. Comp. Nos. 521 and 526
[0156] It is easy to synthesize the following compounds in the same manner as in Example 11 except that 4-(4-chlorophenyl)pyrimidine is synthesized from 4-chloropyrimidine prepared in Example 13 and 4-chlorophenylboronic acid (made by Aldrich Co.) and was reacted with 2-naphthaleneboronic acid (made by Lancaster Co.) to obtain 4-[4-(2-naphthyl)phenyl]-pyrimidine, which is used instead of 2-(benzo[b]thienyl)-5-phenylpyridine.
[0157] Bis{4-[4-(2-naphthyl)phenyl]pyrimidine-C 3 , N 3 }(acetylacetonato)iridium (III) (Ex. Comp. No. 521).
[0158] Tris{4-[4-(2-naphthyl)phenyl]pyrimidine-C 3 ,N 3 }iridium (III) (Ex. Comp. No. 526).
EXAMPLE 15
Synthesis of Ex. Comp. Nos. 522 and 527
[0159] It is easy to synthesize the following compounds in the same manner as in Example 11 except that 2,4-diphenylpyridine is synthesized from phenylboronic acid (made by Tokyo Kasei Kogyo K.K.) and 4-phenyl-2-bromopyridine (made by General Intermediates of Canada) and was used instead of 2-(benzo[b]thienyl)-5-phenylpyridine.
[0160] Bis(2,4-diphenylpyridine-C 2 ,N 1 )(acetylacetonato)iridium (III) (Ex. Comp. No. 522).
[0161] Tris(2,4-diphenylpyridine-C 2 ,N 1 )iridium (III) (Ex. Comp. No. 527).
EXAMPLE 16
Synthesis of Ex. Comp. Nos. 523 and 528
[0162] It is easy to synthesize the following compounds in the same manner as in Example 11 except that 2-(biphenyl-3-yl)pyridine is synthesized from 3-biphenylboronic acid (made by Lancaster Co.) and 2-bromopyridine (made by Tokyo Kasei Kogyo K.K.) and is used instead of 2-(benzo[b]thienyl)-5-phenylpyridine.
[0163] Bis[2-(biphenyl-3-yl)pyridine-C 4 ,N 3 )(acetylacetonato)iridium (III) (Ex. Comp. No. 523).
[0164] Tris[2-(biphenyl-2-yl)pyridine-C 4 1 ,N 3 )iridium (III) (Ex. Comp. No. 528).
EXAMPLE 17
Synthesis of Ex. Comp. Nos. 524 and 529
[0165] It is easy to synthesize the following compounds in the same manner as in Example 11 except that 2-(5-bromothiophene-2-yl)pyridine is synthesized from 2-bromopyridine (made by Tokyo Kasei Kogyo K.K.) and 5-bromothiophene-2-boronic acid (made by Aldrich Co.) and was reacted with phenylboronic acid (made by Tokyo Kasei Kogyo K.K.) to obtain 2-(5-phenylthiophene-2-yl)pyridine, which is used instead of 2-(benzo[b]thienyl)-5-phenylpyridine.
[0166] Bis[2-(5-phenylthiophene-2-yl)pyridine-C 2 ,N 1 )(acetylacetonato)iridium (III) (Ex. Comp. No. 524).
[0167] Tris[2-(5-phenylthiophene-2-yl)pyridine-C 2 ,N 1 )iridium (III) (Ex. Comp. No. 529).
[0168] As described above, according to the present invention, the metal coordination compound of the formula (1) characterized by aromatic substituent. The electroluminescence device (luminescence device) of the present invention using, as a luminescent center material, the metal coordination compound of the formula (1) is an excellent device which not only allows high-efficiency luminescence but also retains a high luminance for a long period and shows little deterioration by current passage. Further, the display apparatus using the electroluminescence device of the present invention exhibits excellent display performances.
1.PublishNumber: US-2003068536-A1
2.Date Publish: 20030410
3.Inventor: TSUBOYAMA AKIRA
OKADA SHINJIRO
TAKIGUCHI TAKAO
MIURA SEISHI
MORIYAMA TAKASHI
KAMATANI JUN
FURUGORI MANABU
4.Inventor Harmonized: TSUBOYAMA AKIRA(JP)
OKADA SHINJIRO(JP)
TAKIGUCHI TAKAO(JP)
MIURA SEISHI(JP)
MORIYAMA TAKASHI(JP)
KAMATANI JUN(JP)
FURUGORI MANABU(JP)
5.Country: US
6.Claims:
(en)An electroluminescence device having a layer containing a specific metal coordination compound is provided. The metal coordination compound is represented by formula (1) below:
ML m L′ n (1),
wherein M is a metal atom of Ir, Pt, Rh or Pd; L and L′ are mutually different bidentate ligands; m is 1, 2 or 3 and n is 0, 1 or 2 with the proviso that m+n is 2 or 3; a partial structure MLm is represented by formula (2) shown below and a partial structure ML′ n is represented by formula (3) or (4) shown below:
The metal coordination compound of the formula (1) is characterized by having at least one aromatic substituent for at least one of CyN1, CyN2, CyC1 and CyC2. The metal coordination compound having the aromatic substituent is effective in providing high-efficiency luminescence, long-term high luminance, and less deterioration by current passing.
7.Description:
(en)FIELD OF THE INVENTION AND RELATED ART
[0001] The present invention relates to a luminescence device, a display apparatus and a metal coordination compound therefor. More specifically, the present invention relates to a luminescence device employing an organic metal coordination compound having a formula (1) appearing hereinafter as a luminescence material so as to allow stable luminescence efficiency, a display apparatus including the luminescence device and the metal coordination compound adapted for use in the luminescence device.
[0002] An organic electroluminescence (EL) device has been extensively studied as a luminescence device with a high responsiveness and high efficiency.
[0003] The organic EL device generally has a sectional structure as shown in FIG. 1A or 1 B (e.g., as described in “Macromol. Symp.”, 125, pp. 1-48 (1997)).
[0004] Referring to the figures, the EL device generally has a structure including a transparent substrate 15 , a transparent electrode 14 disposed on the transparent substrate 15 , a metal electrode 11 disposed opposite to the transparent electrode 14 , and a plurality of organic (compound) layers disposed between the transparent electrode 14 and the metal electrode 11 .
[0005] Referring to FIG. 1, the EL device in this embodiment has two organic layers including a luminescence layer 12 and a hole transport layer 13 .
[0006] The transparent electrode 14 may be formed of a film of ITO (indium tin oxide) having a larger work function to ensure a good hole injection performance into the hole transport layer. On the other hand, the metal electrode 11 may be formed of a layer of aluminum, magnesium, alloys thereof, etc., having a smaller work function to ensure a good electron injection performance into the organic layer(s).
[0007] These (transparent and metal) electrodes 14 and 11 may be formed in a thickness of 50-200 nm.
[0008] The luminescence layer 12 may be formed of, e.g., aluminum quinolinol complex (representative example thereof may include Alq3 described hereinafter) having an electron transporting characteristic and a luminescent characteristic. The hole transport layer 13 may be formed of, e.g., triphenyldiamine derivative (representative example thereof may include α-NPD described hereinafter) having an electron donating characteristic.
[0009] The above-described EL device exhibits a rectification characteristic, so that when an electric field is applied between the metal electrode 11 as a cathode and the transparent electrode 14 as an anode, electrons are injected from the metal electrode 11 into the luminescence layer 12 and holes are injected from the transparent electrodes 14 .
[0010] The thus-injected holes and electrons are recombined within the luminescence layer 12 to produce excitons, thus causing luminescence. At that time, the hole transport layer 13 functions as an electron-blocking layer to increase a recombination efficiency at the boundary between the luminescence layer 12 and the hole transport layer 13 , thus enhancing a luminescence efficiency.
[0011] Referring to FIG. 1B, in addition to the layers shown in FIG. 1A, an electron transport layer 16 is disposed between the metal electrode 11 and the luminescence layer 12 , whereby an effective carrier blocking performance can be ensured by separating functions of luminescence, electron transport and hole transport, thus allowing effective luminescence.
[0012] The electron transport layer 16 may be formed of, e.g., oxadiazole derivatives.
[0013] In ordinary organic EL devices, fluorescence caused during a transition of luminescent center molecule from a singlet excited state to a ground state is used as luminescence.
[0014] On the other hand, not the above fluorescence (luminescence) via singlet exciton, phosphorescence (luminescence) via triplet exciton has been studied for use in organic EL device as described in, e.g., “Improved energy transfer in electrophosphorescent device” (D. F. O'Brien et al., Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 74, No. 3, pp. 442-444 (1999)) and “Very high-efficiency green organic light-emitting devices based on electrophosphorescence” (M. A. Baldo et al., Applied Physics Letters, Vol. 75, No. 1, pp. 4-6 (1999)).
[0015] The EL devices shown in these documents may generally have a sectional structure shown in FIG. 1C.
[0016] Referring to FIG. 1C, four organic layers including a hole transfer layer 13 , a luminescence layer 12 , an exciton diffusion-prevention layer 17 , and an electron transport layer 16 are successively formed in this order on the transparent electrode (anode) 14 .
[0017] In the above documents, higher efficiencies have been achieved by using four organic layers including a hole transport layer 13 of α-NPD (shown below), an electron transport layer 16 of Alq3 (shown below), an exciton diffusion-prevention layer 17 of BPC (shown below), and a luminescence layer 12 of a mixture of CPB (shown below) as a host material with Ir(ppy) 3 (shown below) or PtOEP (shown below) as a guest phosphorescence material doped into CBP at a concentration of ca. 6 wt. %.
[0018] Alq3: tris(8-hydroxyquinoline) aluminum (aluminum-quinolinol complex),
[0019] α-NPD: N4,N4′-di-naphthalene-1-yl-N4,N4′-diphenyl-biphenyl-4,4′-diamine (4,4′-bis[N-(1-naphthyl)-N-phenyl-amino]biphenyl),
[0020] CBP: 4,4′-N,N′-dicarbazole-biphenyl,
[0021] BCP: 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline,
[0022] Ir(ppy) 3 : fac tris(2-phenylpyridine)iridium (iridium-phenylpyridine complex), and
[0023] PtEOP: 2,3,7,8,12,13,17,18-octaethyl-21H,23H-porphine platinum (platinum-octaethyl porphine complex).
[0024] The phosphorescence (luminescence) material used in the luminescence layer 12 has attracted notice. This is because the phosphorescence material is expected to provide a higher luminescence efficiency in principle.
[0025] More specifically, in the case of the phosphorescence material, excitons produced by recombination of carriers comprise singlet excitons and triplet excitons presented in a ratio of 1:3. For this reason, when fluorescence caused during the transition from the singlet excited state to the ground state is utilized, a resultant luminescence efficiency is 25% (as upper limit) based on all the produced excitons in principle.
[0026] On the other hand, in the case of utilizing phosphorescence caused during transition from the triplet excited state, a resultant luminescence efficiency is expected to be at least three times that of the case of fluorescence in principle. In addition thereto, if intersystem crossing from the singlet excited state (higher energy level) to the triplet excited state is taken into consideration, the luminescence efficiency of phosphorescence can be expected to be 100% (four times that of fluorescence) in principle.
[0027] The use of phosphorescence based on transition from the triplet excited state has also been proposed in, e.g., Japanese Laid-Open Patent Application (JP-A) 11-329739, JP-A 11-256148 and JP-A 8-319482.
[0028] However, the above-mentioned organic EL devices utilizing phosphorescence have accompanied with a problem of luminescent deterioration particularly in an energized state.
[0029] The reason for luminescent deterioration has not been clarified as yet but may be attributable to such a phenomenon that the life of triplet exciton is generally longer than that of singlet exciton by at least three digits, so that molecule is placed in a higher-energy state for a long period to cause reaction with ambient substance, formation of exciplex or excimer, change in minute molecular structure, structural change of ambient substance, etc.
[0030] Accordingly, the (electro)phosphorescence EL device is expected to provide a higher luminescence efficiency as described above, while the EL device is required to suppress or minimize the luminescent deterioration in energized state. Further, a luminescence center material for the EL device is required to allow high-efficiency luminescence and exhibit a good stability.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0031] An object of the present invention is to provide a luminescence device capable of providing a high-efficiency luminescent state at a high brightness (or luminance) for a long period while minimizing the deterioration in luminescence in energized state.
[0032] Another object of the present invention is to provide a display apparatus including the luminescence device.
[0033] A further object of the present invention is to provide a metal coordination compound as a luminescence center material suitable for an organic layer for the luminescence device.
[0034] According to the present invention, there is provided a metal coordination compound (metal complex), particularly an iridium complex, characterized by having at least one aromatic substituent. More specifically, there is provided a metal coordination compound represented by formula (1) below:
ML m L′ n (1),
[0035] wherein M is a metal atom of Ir, Pt, Rh or Pd; L and L′ are mutually different bidentate ligands; m is 1, 2 or 3 and n is 0, 1 or 2 with the proviso that m+n is 2 or 3; a partial structure MLm is represented by formula (2) shown below and a partial structure ML′ n is represented by formula (3) or (4) shown below:
[0036] wherein CyN1 and CyN2 are each cyclic group capable of having a substituent, including a nitrogen atom and bonded to the metal atom M via the nitrogen atom; CyC1 and CyC2 are each cyclic group capable of having a substituent, including a carbon atom and bonded to the metal atom M via the carbon atom with the proviso that the cyclic group CyN1 and the cyclic group CyC1 are bonded to each other via a covalent bond and the cyclic group CyN2 and the cyclic group CyC2 are bonded to each other via a covalent bond;
[0037] the optional substituent of the cyclic groups is selected from a halogen atom, cyano group, a nitro group, a trialkylsilyl group of which the alkyl groups are independently a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 8 carbon atoms, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms of which the alkyl group can include one or non-neighboring two or more methylene groups that can be replaced with —O—, —S—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —CH═CH— or —C≡C—, and the alkyl group can include a hydrogen atom that can be optionally replaced with a fluorine atom; or an aromatic group capable of having a substituent which is selected from an aromatic group capable of having a substituent (that is a halogen atom, a cyano atom, a nitro atom, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms of which the alkyl group can include one or non-neighboring two or more methylene groups that can be replaced with —O—, —S—, —CO—, —CO— O—, —O—CO—, —CH═CH— or —C≡C—, and the alkyl group can include a hydrogen atom that can be optionally replaced with a fluorine atom), a halogen atom, a cyano atom, a nitro atom, and a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms (of which the alkyl group can include one or non-neighboring two or more methylene groups that can be replaced with —O—, S—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —CH═CH— or —C≡C—, and the alkyl group can include a hydrogen atom that can be optionally replaced with a fluorine atom);
[0038] E and G are independently a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms of which the alkyl group can include a hydrogen atom that can be optionally replaced with a fluorine atom, or an aromatic group capable of having a substituent (that is a halogen atom, a cyano atom, a nitro atom, a trialkylsilyl group of which the alkyl groups are independently a linear or branched alkyl group having 1-8 carbon atoms, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms of which the alkyl group can include one or non-neighboring two or more methylene groups that can be replaced with —O—, —S—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —CH═CH— or —C≡C—, and the alkyl group can include a hydrogen atom that can be optionally replaced with a fluorine atom; and
[0039] the cyclic groups CyN1, CyN2, CyC1 and CyC2 have at least one aromatic substituent capable of having a substituent which is selected from an aromatic group capable of having a substituent (that is a halogen atom, a cyano atom, a nitro atom, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms of which the alkyl group can include one or non-neighboring two or more methylene groups that can be replaced with —O—, —S—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —CH═CH— or —C—C—, and the alkyl group can include a hydrogen atom that can be optionally replaced with a fluorine atom), a halogen atom, a cyano atom, a nitro atom, a linear or branched alkyl group having 1 to 20 carbon atoms of which the alkyl group can include one or non-neighboring two or more methylene groups that can be replaced with —O—, —S—, —CO—, —CO—O—, —O—CO—, —CH═CH— or —C≡C—, and the alkyl group can include a hydrogen atom that can be optionally replaced with a fluorine atom).
[0040] In the formula (1), M may preferably be Ir as described above, and n may preferably be 0.
[0041] In the formula (2), CyN1 and CyC1 may preferably be any one of the following combinations:
CyN1 CyC1 pyridyl naphthyl pyridyl thienyl pyridyl benzothienyl
[0042] The present invention also provides an electroluminescence device, comprising: a pair of electrodes disposed on a substrate, and a luminescence unit comprising at least one organic compound disposed between the electrodes, wherein the organic compound comprises a metal coordination compound represented by the above-mentioned formula (1).
[0043] In the electroluminescence device, a voltage is applied between the electrodes to emit light.
[0044] In a preferred embodiment of the electroluminescence device, a voltage is applied between the electrodes to emit phosphorescence.
[0045] The present invention further provides a picture display apparatus, comprising an electroluminescence device described above and a means for supplying electric signals to the electroluminescence device.
[0046] These and other objects, features and advantages of the present invention will become more apparent upon a consideration of the following description of the preferred embodiments of the present invention taken in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.
BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0047]FIGS. 1A, 1B and 1 C illustrate embodiments of the luminescence device according to the present invention, respectively.
[0048]FIG. 2 schematically illustrates a panel structure including an EL device and drive means.
[0049]FIGS. 3A, 3B and 3 C show device performances of a luminescence device used in Example 9 appearing hereinafter, wherein FIG. 3A shows an electric field strength-current density curve, FIG. 3B shows an electric field strength-luminance curve, and FIG. 3C shows a luminescence spectrum under application of a voltage of 10 volts.
DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0050] In the case where the luminescence layer comprises a host material having a carrier-transporting function and a phosphorescent guest material, a process of phosphorescence via triplet excitons may include unit processes as follows:
[0051] 1. transportation of electrons and holes within a luminescence layer,
[0052] 2. formation of host excitons,
[0053] 3. excitation energy transfer between host molecules,
[0054] 4. excitation energy transfer from the host to the guest,
[0055] 5. formation of guest triplet excitons, and
[0056] 6. transition of the guest triplet excitons to the ground state and phosphorescence.
[0057] Desirable energy transfer in each unit process and luminescence are caused in competition with various energy deactivation processes.
[0058] Needless to say, a luminescence efficiency of an organic luminescence device is increased by increasing the luminescence quantum yield of a luminescence center material. In addition thereto, an efficient energy transfer between host material molecules and/or between host material molecule and guest material molecule is also an important factor.
[0059] Further, the above-described luminescent deterioration in energized state may presumably relate to the luminescent center material per se or an environmental change thereof by its ambient molecular structure.
[0060] For this reason, our research group has extensively investigated an effect of use of the metal coordination compound of formula (1) as the luminescent center material and as a result, has found that the metal coordination compound of formula (1) allows a high-efficiency luminescence with a high brightness (luminance) for a long period, and less deterioration in energized state.
[0061] The metal coordination compound represented by the above formula (1) according to the present invention causes phosphorescence (luminescence) and its lowest excited state is believed to be an MLT* (metal-to-ligand charge transfer) excited state or π-π* excited state in a triplet state. The phosphorescent emission of light (phosphorescence) is caused at the time of transition from such a state to the ground state.
[0062] The metal coordination compound of formula (1) according to the present invention has been found to provide a higher phosphorescence (quantum) yield of 0.05-0.9 and a shorter phosphorescence life of 1-40 μsec, as a result of our luminescence experiment based on photoluminescence by photo-excitation.
[0063] The shorter phosphorescence life is necessary to provide a resultant EL device with a higher luminescence efficiency. This is because the longer phosphorescence life increases molecules placed in their triplet excited state which is a waiting state for phosphorescence, thus lowering the resultant luminescence efficiency particularly at a higher current density. Further, an emission wavelength can be controlled by changing appropriately substituents R1 to T6 and species of aromatic group of the metal coordination compound of the formula (1).
[0064] Also from these viewpoints, the metal coordination compound of formula (1) according to the present invention is a suitable luminescent material for an EL device with a higher phosphorescence yield and a shorter phosphorescence life.
[0065] Particularly, by providing an aromatic group as a substituent (i.e., aromatic substituent) of the metal coordination compound of the formula (1), the resultant substituent has n-electron system extended to the outside of the metal coordination compound molecules, thus facilitating energy transfer from a host material and assisting electron/hole transport functions to result in an improved carrier transport performance. Further, in the present invention, the metal coordination compound of the formula (1) may preferably have the cyclic group CyN1 and/or CyN2 having pyridine structure, a pyridine derivative wherein one of CH groups is substituted with N atom, and fine-membered ring structures containing nitrogen atom and/or sulfur atom. By these partial structures, the resultant metal coordination compound of the formula (1) can be synthesized with a high yield and an excellent stability necessary for the luminescence material.
[0066] In addition, as substantiated in Examples appearing hereinafter, it has been confirmed that the metal coordination compound of the formula (1) also exhibited an excellent stability in a durability test by continuous current passage. This may be attributable to a controlled intermolecular interaction of the metal coordination compound of the formula (1) with the host material by introducing the aromatic substituent characterizing the metal coordination compound of the present invention into the metal coordination compound thereby to change an intermolecular interaction. As a result, it becomes possible to suppress formation of exciton associates leading to thermal deactivation, thus also reducing quenching process to improve phosphorescence yield and device characteristics.
[0067] In the present invention, as the aromatic substituent for the metal coordination compound of the formula (1), it is preferred to use an aromatic group selected from the group consisting of those (sPh to sPe) shown hereinafter.
[0068] In the present invention, the luminescence device may preferably include the organic layer comprising the above-mentioned metal coordination compound between a pair of oppositely disposed electrodes comprising a transparent electrode (anode) and a metal electrode (cathode) which are supplied with a voltage to cause luminescence, thus constituting an electric-field luminescence device.
[0069] The luminescence device of the present invention has a layer structure shown in FIGS. 1A to 1 C as specifically described above.
[0070] By the use of the metal coordination compound of formula (1) of the present invention, the resultant luminescence device has a high luminescence efficiency as described above.
[0071] The luminescence device according to the present invention may be applicable to devices required to allow energy saving and high luminance, such as those for display apparatus and illumination apparatus, a light source for printers, and backlight (unit) for a liquid crystal display apparatus. Specifically, in the case of using the luminescence device of the present invention in the display apparatus, it is possible to provide a flat panel display apparatus capable of exhibiting an excellent energy saving performance, a high visibility and a good lightweight property. With respect to the light source, it becomes possible to replace a laser light source of laser beam printer currently used widely with the luminescence device according to the present invention. Further, when the luminescence device of the present invention is arranged in independently addressable arrays as an exposure means for effecting desired exposure of light to a photosensitive drum for forming an image, it becomes possible to considerably reducing the volume (size) of image forming apparatus. With respect to the illumination apparatus and backlight (unit), the resultant apparatus (unit) using the luminescence device of the present invention is expected to have an energy saving effect.
[0072] For the application to a display, a drive system using a thin-film transistor (TFT) drive circuit according to an active matrix-scheme may be used. Hereinbelow, an embodiment of using a device of the present invention in combination with an active matrix substrate is briefly described with reference to FIG. 2.
[0073]FIG. 2 illustrates an embodiment of panel structure comprising an EL device and drive means. The panel is provided with a scanning signal driver, a data signal driver and a current supply source which are connected to gate selection lines, data signal lines and current supply lines, respectively. At each intersection of the gate selection lines and the data signal lines, a display pixel electrode is disposed. The scanning signal drive sequentially selects the gate selection lines G 1 , G 2 , G 3 . . . Gn, and in synchronism herewith, picture signals are supplied from the data signal driver to display a picture (image).
[0074] By driving a display panel including a luminescence layer comprising a luminescence material of the present invention, it becomes possible to provide a display which exhibits a good picture quality and is stable even for a long period display.
[0075] Some synthetic paths for providing a metal coordination compound represented by the above-mentioned formula (1) are illustrated below with reference to an iridium coordination compound (m+n=3) for example:
[0076] Other metal coordination compound (M=Pt, Rh and Pd) can also be synthesized in a similar manner.
[0077] Some specific structural examples of metal coordination compounds used in the present invention are shown in Tables 1 to Tables 17 appearing hereinafter, which are however only representative examples and are not exhaustive. Ph to sPe for CyN1, CyN2, CyC1, CyC2 and aromatic substituent(s) shown in Tables 1 to 17 represent partial structures shown below.
CyC1, CyC2
[0078] TABLE 1 No M m CyN1 CyC1 R1 R2 R3 R4 1 Ir 3 Pr Ph H H sPh H 2 Ir 3 Pr Ph H H sNp1 H 3 Ir 3 Pr Ph H H sNp2 H 4 Ir 3 Pr Ph H H sTn1 H 5 Ir 3 Pr Ph H H sTn3 H 6 Ir 3 Pr Ph H H sPr H 7 Ir 3 Pr Ph H H sPe H 8 Ir 3 Pr Tn1 H H sPh H 9 Ir 3 Pr Tn1 H H sNp1 H 10 Ir 3 Pr Tn1 H H sNp2 H 11 Ir 3 Pr Tn1 H H sTn1 H 12 Ir 3 Pr Tn1 H H sTn3 H 13 Ir 3 Pr Tn1 H H sPr H 14 Ir 3 Pr Tn1 H H sPe H 15 Ir 3 Pr Tn2 H H sPh H 16 Ir 3 Pr Tn2 H H sNp1 H 17 Ir 3 Pr Tn2 H H sNp2 H 18 Ir 3 Pr Tn2 H H sTn1 H 19 Ir 3 Pr Tn2 H H sTn3 H 20 Ir 3 Pr Tn2 H H sPr H 21 Ir 3 Pr Tn2 H H sPe H 22 Ir 3 Pr Tn3 H H sPh H 23 Ir 3 Pr Tn3 H H sNp1 H 24 Ir 3 Pr Tn3 H H sNp2 H 25 Ir 3 Pr Tn3 H H sTn1 H 26 Ir 3 Pr Tn3 H H sTn3 H 27 Ir 3 Pr Tn3 H H sPr H 28 Ir 3 Pr Tn3 H H sPe H 29 Ir 3 Pr Tn4 H H sPh H 30 Ir 3 Pr Tn4 H H sNp1 H 31 Ir 3 Pr Tn4 H H sNp2 H 32 Ir 3 Pr Tn4 H H sTn1 H 33 Ir 3 Pr Tn4 H H sTn3 H 34 Ir 3 Pr Tn4 H H sPr H 35 Ir 3 Pr Tn4 H H sPe H 36 Ir 3 Pr Np1 H H sPh H 37 Ir 3 Pr Np1 H H sNp1 H 38 Ir 3 Pr Np1 H H sNp2 H 39 Ir 3 Pr Np1 H H sTn1 H 40 Ir 3 Pr Np1 H H sTn3 H 41 Ir 3 Pr Np1 H H sPr H 42 Ir 3 Pr Np1 H H sPe H 43 Ir 3 Pr Np2 H H H sPh 44 Ir 3 Pr Np2 H H sNp1 H 45 Ir 3 Pr Np2 H H sNp2 H 46 Ir 3 Pr Np2 H H sTn1 H 47 Ir 3 Pr Np2 H H sTn3 H 48 Ir 3 Pr Np2 H H sPr H 49 Ir 3 Pr Np2 H H sPe H 50 Ir 3 Pr Pe H H sPh H 51 Ir 3 Pr Pe H H sNp1 H 52 Ir 3 Pr Pe H H sNp2 H
[0079] TABLE 2 No M m CyN1 CyC1 R1 R2 R3 R4 53 Ir 3 Pr Pe H H sTn1 H 54 Ir 3 Pr Pe H H sTn3 H 55 Ir 3 Pr Pe H H sPr H 56 Ir 3 Pr Pe H H sPe H 57 Ir 3 Pr Cn1 H H sPh H 58 Ir 3 Pr Cn1 H H sNp1 H 59 Ir 3 Pr Cn1 H H sNp2 H 60 Ir 3 Pr Cn1 H H sTn1 H 61 Ir 3 Pr Cn1 H H sTn3 H 62 Ir 3 Pr Cn1 H H sPr H 63 Ir 3 Pr Cn1 H H sPe H 64 Ir 3 Pr Cn2 H H sPh H 65 Ir 3 Pr Cn2 H H sNp1 H 66 Ir 3 Pr Cn2 H H sNp2 H 67 Ir 3 Pr Cn2 H H sTn1 H 68 Ir 3 Pr Cn2 H H sTn3 H 69 Ir 3 Pr Cn2 H H sPr H 70 Ir 3 Pr Cn2 H H sPe H 71 Ir 3 Pr Cz H H sPh H 72 Ir 3 Pr Cz H H sNp1 H 73 Ir 3 Pr Cz H H sNp2 H 74 Ir 3 Pr Cz H H sTn1 H 75 Ir 3 Pr Cz H H sTn3 H 76 Ir 3 Pr Cz H H sPr H 77 Ir 3 Pr Cz H H sPe H 78 Ir 3 Pd Ph H H sPh H 79 Ir 3 Pd Ph H H sNp1 H 80 Ir 3 Pd Ph H H sNp2 H 81 Ir 3 Pd Ph H H sTn1 H 82 Ir 3 Pd Ph H H sTn3 H 83 Ir 3 Pd Ph H H sPr H 84 Ir 3 Pd Ph H H sPe H 85 Ir 3 Pd Tn1 H H sPh H 86 Ir 3 Pd Tn1 H H sNp1 H 87 Ir 3 Pd Tn1 H H sNp2 H 88 Ir 3 Pd Tn1 H H sTn1 H 89 Ir 3 Pd Tn1 H H sTn3 H 90 Ir 3 Pd Tn1 H H sPr H 91 Ir 3 Pd Tn1 H H sPe H 92 Ir 3 Pd Tn2 H H sPh H 93 Ir 3 Pd Tn2 H H sNp1 H 94 Ir 3 Pd Tn2 H H sNp2 H 95 Ir 3 Pd Tn2 H H sTn1 H 96 Ir 3 Pd Tn2 H H sTn3 H 97 Ir 3 Pd Tn2 H H sPr H 98 Ir 3 Pd Tn2 H H sPe H 99 Ir 3 Pd Tn3 H H sPh H 100 Ir 3 Pd Tn3 H H sNp1 H 101 Ir 3 Pd Tn3 H H sNp2 H 102 Ir 3 Pd Tn3 H H sTn1 H 103 Ir 3 Pd Tn3 H H sTn3 H 104 Ir 3 Pd Tn3 H H sPr H
[0080] TABLE 3 No M m CyN1 CyC1 R1 R2 R3 R4 105 Ir 3 Pd Tn3 H H sPe H 106 Ir 3 Pd Tn4 H H sPh H 107 Ir 3 Pd Tn4 H H sNp1 H 108 Ir 3 Pd Tn4 H H sNp2 H 109 Ir 3 Pd Tn4 H H sTn1 H 110 Ir 3 Pd Tn4 H H sTn3 H 111 Ir 3 Pd Tn4 H H sPr H 112 Ir 3 Pd Tn4 H H sPe H 113 Ir 3 Pd Np1 H H sPh H 114 Ir 3 Pd Np1 H H sNp1 H 115 Ir 3 Pd Np1 H H sNp2 H 116 Ir 3 Pd Np1 H H sTn1 H 117 Ir 3 Pd Np1 H H sTn3 H 118 Ir 3 Pd Np1 H H sPr H 119 Ir 3 Pd Np1 H H sPe H 120 Ir 3 Pd Np2 H H sPh H 121 Ir 3 Pd Np2 H H sNp1 H 122 Ir 3 Pd Np2 H H sNp2 H 123 Ir 3 Pd Np2 H H sTn1 H 124 Ir 3 Pd Np2 H H sTn3 H 125 Ir 3 Pd Np2 H H sPr H 126 Ir 3 Pd Np2 H H sPe H 127 Ir 3 Pd Pe H H sPh H 128 Ir 3 Pd Pe H H sNp1 H 129 Ir 3 Pd Pe H H sNp2 H 130 Ir 3 Pd Pe H H sTn1 H 131 Ir 3 Pd Pe H H sTn3 H 132 Ir 3 Pd Pe H H sPr H 133 Ir 3 Pd Pe H H sPe H 134 Ir 3 Pd Cn1 H H sPh H 135 Ir 3 Pd Cn1 H H sNp1 H 136 Ir 3 Pd Cn1 H H sNp2 H 137 Ir 3 Pd Cn1 H H sTn1 H 138 Ir 3 Pd Cn1 H H sTn3 H 139 Ir 3 Pd Cn1 H H sPr H 140 Ir 3 Pd Cn1 H H sPe H 141 Ir 3 Pd Cn2 H H sPh H 142 Ir 3 Pd Cn2 H H sNp1 H 143 Ir 3 Pd Cn2 H H sNp2 H 144 Ir 3 Pd Cn2 H H sTn1 H 145 Ir 3 Pd Cn2 H H sTn3 H 146 Ir 3 Pd Cn2 H H sPr H 147 Ir 3 Pd Cn2 H H sPe H 148 Ir 3 Pd Cz H H sPh H 149 Ir 3 Pd Cz H H sNp1 H 150 Ir 3 Pd Cz H H sNp2 H 151 Ir 3 Pd Cz H H sTn1 H 152 Ir 3 Pd Cz H H sTn3 H 153 Ir 3 Pd Cz H H sPr H 154 Ir 3 Pd Cz H H sPe H 155 Ir 3 Pz Ph H H sPh H 156 Ir 3 Pd Ph H H sNp1 H
[0081] TABLE 4 No M m CyN1 CyC1 R1 R2 R3 R4 157 Ir 3 Pd Ph H H sNp2 H 158 Ir 3 Pd Ph H H sTn1 H 159 Ir 3 Pd Ph H H sTn3 H 160 Ir 3 Pd Ph H H sPr H 161 Ir 3 Pd Ph H H sPe H 162 Ir 3 Pd Tn1 H H sPh H 163 Ir 3 Pd Tn1 H H sNp1 H 164 Ir 3 Pd Tn1 H H sNp2 H 165 Ir 3 Pd Tn1 H H sTn1 H 166 Ir 3 Pd Tn1 H H sTn3 H 167 Ir 3 Pd Tn1 H H sPr H 168 Ir 3 Pd Tn1 H H sPe H 169 Ir 3 Pd Tn2 H H sPh H 170 Ir 3 Pd Tn2 H H sNp1 H 171 Ir 3 Pd Tn2 H H sNp2 H 172 Ir 3 Pd Tn2 H H sTn1 H 173 Ir 3 Pd Tn2 H H sTn3 H 174 Ir 3 Pd Tn2 H H sPr H 175 Ir 3 Pd Tn2 H H sPe H 176 Ir 3 Pd Tn3 H H sPh H 177 Ir 3 Pd Tn3 H H sNp1 H 178 Ir 3 Pd Tn3 H H sNp2 H 179 Ir 3 Pd Tn3 H H sTn1 H 180 Ir 3 Pd Tn3 H H sTn3 H 181 Ir 3 Pd Tn3 H H sPr H 182 Ir 3 Pd Tn3 H H sPe H 183 Ir 3 Pd Tn4 H H sPh H 184 Ir 3 Pd Tn4 H H sNp1 H 185 Ir 3 Pd Tn4 H H sNp2 H 186 Ir 3 Pd Tn4 H H sTn1 H 187 Ir 3 Pd Tn4 H H sTn3 H 188 Ir 3 Pd Tn4 H H sPr H 189 Ir 3 Pd Tn4 H H sPe H 190 Ir 3 Pd Np1 H H sPh H 191 Ir 3 Pd Np1 H H sNp1 H 192 Ir 3 Pd Np1 H H sNp2 H 193 Ir 3 Pd Np1 H H sTn1 H 194 Ir 3 Pd Np1 H H sTn3 H 195 Ir 3 Pd Np1 H H sPr H 196 Ir 3 Pd Np1 H H sPe H 197 Ir 3 Pd Np2 H H sPh H 198 Ir 3 Pd Np2 H H sNp1 H 199 Ir 3 Pd Np2 H H sNp2 H 200 Ir 3 Pd Np2 H H sTn1 H 201 Ir 3 Pd Np2 H H sTn3 H 202 Ir 3 Pd Np2 H H sPr H 203 Ir 3 Pd Np2 H H sPe H 204 Ir 3 Pd Pe H H sPh H 205 Ir 3 Pd Pe H H sNp1 H 206 Ir 3 Pd Pe H H sNp2 H 207 Ir 3 Pd Pe H H sTn1 H 208 Ir 3 Pd Pe H H sTn3 H
[0082] TABLE 5 No M m CyN1 CyC1 R1 R2 R3 R4 209 Ir 3 Pd Pe H H sPr H 210 Ir 3 Pd Pe H H sPe H 211 Ir 3 Pd Cn1 H H sPh H 212 Ir 3 Pd Cn1 H H sNp1 H 213 Ir 3 Pd Cn1 H H sNp2 H 214 Ir 3 Pd Cn1 H H sTn1 H 215 Ir 3 Pd Cn1 H H sTn3 H 216 Ir 3 Pd Cn1 H H sPr H 217 Ir 3 Pd Cn1 H H sPe H 218 Ir 3 Pd Cn2 H H sPh H 219 Ir 3 Pd Cn2 H H sNp1 H 220 Ir 3 Pd Cn2 H H sNp2 H 221 Ir 3 Pd Cn2 H H sTn1 H 222 Ir 3 Pd Cn2 H H sTn3 H 223 Ir 3 Pd Cn2 H H sPr H 224 Ir 3 Pd Cn2 H H sPe H 225 Ir 3 Pd Cz H H sPh H 226 Ir 3 Pd Cz H H sNp1 H 227 Ir 3 Pd Cz H H sNp2 H 228 Ir 3 Pd Cz H H sTn1 H 229 Ir 3 Pd Cz H H sTn3 H 230 Ir 3 Pd Cz H H sPr H 231 Ir 3 Pd Cz H H sPe H 232 Ir 3 Pz Ph H H sPh H 233 Ir 3 Pz Ph H H sNp1 H 234 Ir 3 Pz Ph H H sNp2 H 235 Ir 3 Pz Ph H H sTn1 H 236 Ir 3 Pz Ph H H sTn3 H 237 Ir 3 Pz Ph H H sPr H 238 Ir 3 Pz Ph H H sPe H 239 Ir 3 Pz Tn1 H H sPh H 240 Ir 3 Pz Tn1 H H sNp1 H 241 Ir 3 Pz Tn1 H H sNp2 H 242 Ir 3 Pz Tn1 H H sTn1 H 243 Ir 3 Pz Tn1 H H sTn3 H 244 Ir 3 Pz Tn1 H H sPr H 245 Ir 3 Pz Tn1 H H sPe H 246 Ir 3 Pz Tn2 H H sPh H 247 Ir 3 Pz Tn2 H H sNp1 H 248 Ir 3 Pz Tn2 H H sNp2 H 249 Ir 3 Pz Tn2 H H sTn1 H 250 Ir 3 Pz Tn2 H H sTn3 H 251 Ir 3 Pz Tn2 H H sPr H 252 Ir 3 Pz Tn2 H H sPe H 253 Ir 3 Pz Tn3 H H sPh H 254 Ir 3 Pz Tn3 H H sNp1 H 255 Ir 3 Pz Tn3 H H sNp2 H 256 Ir 3 Pz Tn3 H H sTn1 H 257 Ir 3 Pz Tn3 H H sTn3 H 258 Ir 3 Pz Tn3 H H sPr H 259 Ir 3 Pz Tn3 H H sPe H 260 Ir 3 Pz Tn4 H H sPh H
[0083] TABLE 6 No M m CyN1 CyC1 R1 R2 R3 R4 261 Ir 3 Pz Tn4 H H sNp1 H 262 Ir 3 Pz Tn4 H H sNp2 H 263 Ir 3 Pz Tn4 H H sTn1 H 264 Ir 3 Pz Tn4 H H sTn3 H 265 Ir 3 Pz Tn4 H H sPr H 266 Ir 3 Pz Tn4 H H sPe H 267 Ir 3 Pz Np1 H H sPh H 268 Ir 3 Pz Np1 H H sNp1 H 269 Ir 3 Pz Np1 H H sNp2 H 270 Ir 3 Pz Np1 H H sTn1 H 271 Ir 3 Pz Np1 H H sTn3 H 272 Ir 3 Pz Np1 H H sPr H 273 Ir 3 Pz Np1 H H sPe H 274 Ir 3 Pz Np2 H H sPh H 275 Ir 3 Pz Np2 H H sNp1 H 276 Ir 3 Pz Np2 H H sNp2 H 277 Ir 3 Pz Np2 H H sTn1 H 278 Ir 3 Pz Np2 H H sTn3 H 279 Ir 3 Pz Np2 H H sPr H 280 Ir 3 Pz Np2 H H sPe H 281 Ir 3 Pz Pe H H sPh H 282 Ir 3 Pz Pe H H sNp1 H 283 Ir 3 Pz Pe H H sNp2 H 284 Ir 3 Pz Pe H H sTn1 H 285 Ir 3 Pz Pe H H sTn3 H 286 Ir 3 Pz Pe H H sPr H 287 Ir 3 Pz Pe H H sPe H 288 Ir 3 Pz Cn1 H H sPh H 289 Ir 3 Pz Cn1 H H sNp1 H 290 Ir 3 Pz Cn1 H H sNp2 H 291 Ir 3 Pz Cn1 H H sTn1 H 292 Ir 3 Pz Cn1 H H sTn3 H 293 Ir 3 Pz Cn1 H H sPr H 294 Ir 3 Pz Cn1 H H sPe H 295 Ir 3 Pz Cn2 H H sPh H 296 Ir 3 Pz Cn2 H H sNp1 H 297 Ir 3 Pz Cn2 H H sNp2 H 298 Ir 3 Pz Cn2 H H sTn1 H 299 Ir 3 Pz Cn2 H H sTn3 H 300 Ir 3 Pz Cn2 H H sPr H 301 Ir 3 Pz Cn2 H H sPe H 302 Ir 3 Pz Cz H H sPh H 303 Ir 3 Pz Cz H H sNp1 H 304 Ir 3 Pz Cz H H sNp2 H 305 Ir 3 Pz Cz H H sTn1 H 306 Ir 3 Pz Cz H H sTn3 H 307 Ir 3 Pz Cz H H sPr H 308 Ir 3 Pz Cz H H sPe H 309 Ir 3 Py1 Ph H H sPh H 310 Ir 3 Py1 Ph H H sNp1 H 311 Ir 3 Py1 Ph H H sTn1 H 312 Ir 3 Py1 Ph H H sTn3 H
[0084] TABLE 7 No M m CyN1 CyC1 R1 R2 R3 R4 313 Ir 3 Py1 Tn1 H H sPh H 314 Ir 3 Py1 Tn1 H H sNp1 H 315 Ir 3 Py1 Tn1 H H sTn1 H 316 Ir 3 Py1 Tn1 H H sTn3 H 317 Ir 3 Py1 Tn3 H H sPh H 318 Ir 3 Py1 Tn3 H H sNp1 H 319 Ir 3 Py1 Tn3 H H sTn1 H 320 Ir 3 Py1 Tn3 H H sTn3 H 321 Ir 3 Py1 Tn4 H H sPh H 322 Ir 3 Py1 Tn4 H H sNp1 H 323 Ir 3 Py1 Tn4 H H sTn1 H 324 Ir 3 Py1 Tn4 H H sTn3 H 325 Ir 3 Py1 Np2 H H sPh H 326 Ir 3 Py1 Np2 H H sNp1 H 327 Ir 3 Py1 Np2 H H sTn1 H 328 Ir 3 Py1 Np2 H H sTn3 H 329 Ir 3 Py2 Ph H H sPh H 330 Ir 3 Py2 Ph H H sNp1 H 331 Ir 3 Py2 Ph H H sTn1 H 332 Ir 3 Py2 Ph H H sTn3 H 333 Ir 3 Py2 Tn1 H H sPh H 334 Ir 3 Py2 Tn1 H H sNp1 H 335 Ir 3 Py2 Tn1 H H sTn1 H 336 Ir 3 Py2 Tn1 H H sTn3 H 337 Ir 3 Py2 Tn3 H H sPh H 338 Ir 3 Py2 Tn3 H H sNp1 H 339 Ir 3 Py2 Tn3 H H sTn1 H 340 Ir 3 Py2 Tn3 H H sTn3 H 341 Ir 3 Py2 Tn4 H H sPh H 342 Ir 3 Py2 Tn4 H H sNp1 H 343 Ir 3 Py2 Tn4 H H sTn1 H 344 Ir 3 Py2 Tn4 H H sTn3 H 345 Ir 3 Py2 Np2 H H sPh H 346 Ir 3 Py2 Np2 H H sNp1 H 347 Ir 3 Py2 Np2 H H sTn1 H 348 Ir 3 Py2 Np2 H H sTn3 H 349 Ir 3 Pr Ph sPh H H H 350 Ir 3 Pr Ph sNp2 H H H 351 Ir 3 Pr Ph sTn1 H H H 352 Ir 3 Pr Ph sTn3 H H H 353 Ir 3 Pr Tn1 sPh H H H 354 Ir 3 Pr Tn1 sNp2 H H H 355 Ir 3 Pr Tn1 sTn1 H H H 356 Ir 3 Pr Tn1 sTn3 H H H 357 Ir 3 Pr Tn3 sPh H H H 358 Ir 3 Pr Tn3 sNp2 H H H 359 Ir 3 Pr Tn3 sTn1 H H H 360 Ir 3 Pr Tn3 sTn3 H H H 361 Ir 3 Pr Np2 sPh H H H 362 Ir 3 Pr Np2 sNp2 H H H 363 Ir 3 Pr Np2 sTn1 H H H 364 Ir 3 Pr Np2 sTn3 H H H
[0085] TABLE 8 No M m CyN1 CyC1 R1 R2 R3 R4 365 Ir 3 Pz Ph sPh H H H 366 Ir 3 Pz Ph sNp2 H H H 367 Ir 3 Pz Ph sTn1 H H H 368 Ir 3 Pz Ph sTn3 H H H 369 Ir 3 Pz Tn1 sPh H H H 370 Ir 3 Pz Tn1 sNp2 H H H 371 Ir 3 Pz Tn1 sTn1 H H H 372 Ir 3 Pz Tn1 sTn3 H H H 373 Ir 3 Pz Tn3 sPh H H H 374 Ir 3 Pz Tn3 sNp2 H H H 375 Ir 3 Pz Tn3 sTn1 H H H 376 Ir 3 Pz Tn3 sTn3 H H H 377 Ir 3 Pz Np2 sPh H H H 378 Ir 3 Pz Np2 sNp2 H H H 379 Ir 3 Pz Np2 sTn1 H H H 380 Ir 3 Pz Np2 sTn3 H H H
[0086] TABLE 9 No M m CyN1 CyC1 R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 381 Ir 3 Pr Ph sPh H H H H —NO2 382 Ir 3 Pr Ph sNp2 H —CH3 H H H 383 Ir 3 Pr Ph sTn1 H H H —CF3 H 384 Ir 3 Pr Ph sTn3 H H H H sPh 385 Ir 3 Pr Tn1 sPh H H H —OCH 3 H 386 Ir 3 Pr Tn1 sNp2 H H H H sPh 387 Ir 3 Pr Tn1 sTn1 H H H H —CF3 388 Ir 3 Pr Tn1 sTn3 H H H H sPh 389 Ir 3 Pr Tn3 sPh H H H —OCH 3 H 390 Ir 3 Pr Tn3 sNp2 H H H H —OCH 3 391 Ir 3 Pr Tn3 sTn1 H H H H —OCH 3 392 Ir 3 Pr Tn3 sTn3 H H H —OCH 3 H 393 Ir 3 Pr Np2 sPh H H H —OCH 3 H 394 Ir 3 Pr Np2 sNp2 H H H H sPh 395 Ir 3 Pr Np2 sTn1 H H H H sPh 396 Ir 3 Pr Np2 sTn3 H H H H —OCH 3 397 Ir 3 Pz Ph sPh H H —OCH 3 H H 398 Ir 3 Pz Ph sNp2 H H —OCH 3 H H 399 Ir 3 Pz Ph sTn1 H H H H —OCH 3 400 Ir 3 Pz Ph sTn3 H H H H —OCH 3 401 Ir 3 Pz Tn1 sPh H —C3H7 H H H 402 Ir 3 Pz Tn1 sNp2 H H H H H 403 Ir 3 Pz Tn1 sTn1 H H H H H 404 Ir 3 Pz Tn1 sTn3 H H H H sPh 405 Ir 3 Pz Tn3 sPh H H H H —OCH 3 406 Ir 3 Pz Tn3 sNp2 H H —OCH 3 H H 407 Ir 3 Pz Tn3 sTn1 H H —OCH 3 H H 408 Ir 3 Pz Tn3 sTn3 H H H H —OCH 3 409 Ir 3 Pz Np2 sPh H H H H —OCH 3 410 Ir 3 Pz Np2 sNp2 H —C3H7 H H H
[0087] TABLE 10 No M m CyN1 CyC1 R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 411 Ir 3 Pz Np2 sTn1 H H —CF3 H H 412 Ir 3 Pz Np2 sTn3 H H —CF3 H H 413 Ir 3 Ta Ph C4H9 C4H9 sPh H OCH3 H 414 Ir 3 Pr Ph sPh H H H H H 415 Ir 3 Pr Ph sNp2 H —CH3 H H H 416 Ir 3 Pr Ph sTn1 H H H H H 417 Ir 3 Pr Ph sTn3 H H H H H 418 Ir 3 Pr Tn1 sPh H H H —OCH 3 H 419 Ir 3 Pr Tn1 sNp2 H H H H H 420 Ir 3 Pr Tn1 sTn1 H H H H H 421 Ir 3 Pr Tn1 sTn3 H H H H H 422 Ir 3 Pr Tn3 sPh H H H —OCH 3 H 423 Ir 3 Pr Tn3 sNp2 H H H H H 424 Ir 3 Pr Tn3 sTn1 H —NO2 H H H 425 Ir 3 Pr Tn3 sTn3 H H H H H 426 Ir 3 Pr Np2 sPh H H H H H 427 Ir 3 Pr Np2 sNp2 H H H H H 428 Ir 3 Pr Np2 sTn1 H H H H H 429 Ir 3 Pr Np2 sTn3 H H H H H 430 Ir 3 Pz Ph sPh H H —F H H 431 Ir 3 Pz Ph sNp2 H H H H H 432 Ir 3 Pz Ph sTn1 —CN H H H H 433 Ir 3 Pz Ph sTn3 H H H H H 434 Ir 3 Pz Tn1 sPh H —C3H7 H H H 435 Ir 3 Pz Tn1 sNp2 H H —CH2— H H CH═CH —CH3 436 Ir 3 Pz Tn1 sTn1 H H H H H 437 Ir 3 Pz Tn1 sTn3 H H H H H 438 Ir 3 Pz Tn3 sPh H —SC3H7 H H H 439 Ir 3 Pz Tn3 sNp2 H H H H H 440 Ir 3 Pz Tn3 sTn1 H H H H H 441 Ir 3 Pz Tn3 sTn3 H H H H 442 Ir 3 Pz Np2 sPh H H H H H 443 Ir 3 Pz Np2 sNp2 H H H H H 444 Ir 3 Pz Np2 sTn1 H H H H H 445 Ir 3 Pz Np2 sTn3 H H H H H
[0088] TABLE 11 No M m n CyN1 CyC1 CyN2 CyC2 R1 R2 R3 R4 R1′ R2′ R3′ R4′ 446 Ir 2 1 Pr Ph Pr Tn1 sPh H H H sPh H H H 447 Ir 2 1 Pr Ph Pr Tn1 sNp2 H H H sNp2 H H H 448 Ir 2 1 Pr Ph Pr Tn1 sTn1 H H H sTn1 H H H 449 Ir 2 1 Pr Ph Pr Tn1 sTn3 H H H sTn3 H H H 450 Ir 2 1 Pr Tn3 Pr Np2 sPh H H H sPh H H H 451 Ir 2 1 Pr Tn3 Pr Np2 sNp2 H H H sNp2 H H H 452 Ir 2 1 Pr Tn3 Pr Np2 sTn1 H H H sTn1 H H H 453 Ir 2 1 Pr Tn3 Pr Np2 sTn3 H H H sTn3 H H H
[0089] TABLE 12 No M m n CyN1 CyC1 E G R1 R2 R3 R4 454 Ir Ir 1 Pr Ph —CH3 —CH3 sPh H H H 455 Ir Ir 1 Pr Ph —CH3 —CH3 sNp2 H H H 456 Ir Ir 1 Pr Ph —CH3 —CH3 sTn1 H H H 457 Ir Ir 1 Pr Ph —CH3 —CH3 H H sTn3 H 458 Ir Ir 1 Pr Tn3 —CH3 sPh H H sPh H 459 Ir Ir 1 Pr Tn3 —CH3 sPh H H sNp2 H 460 Ir Ir 1 Pr Tn3 —CH3 sPh H H sTn1 H 461 Ir Ir 1 Pr Tn3 —CH3 sPh H H sTn3 H
[0090] TABLE 13 No M m CyN1 CyC1 R1 R2 R3 R4 462 Rh 3 Pr Ph sPh H H H 463 Rh 3 Pr Ph sNp2 H H H 464 Rh 3 Pr Ph sTn1 H H H 465 Rh 3 Pr Ph sTn3 H H H 466 Rh 3 Pr Tn1 sPh H H H 467 Rh 3 Pr Tn1 sNp2 H H H 468 Rh 3 Pr Tn1 sTn1 H H H 469 Rh 3 Pr Tn1 sTn3 H H H 470 Rh 3 Pr Tn3 sPh H H H 471 Rh 3 Pr Tn3 sNp2 H H H 472 Rh 3 Pr Tn3 sTn1 H H H 473 Rh 3 Pr Tn3 sTn3 H H H 474 Rh 3 Pr Np2 sPh H H H 475 Rh 3 Pr Np2 sNp2 H H H 476 Rh 3 Pr Np2 sTn1 H H H 477 Rh 3 Pr Np2 sTn3 H H H
[0091] TABLE 14 No M m CyN1 CyC1 R1 R2 R3 R4 478 Pt 2 Pr Ph sPh H H H 479 Pt 2 Pr Ph sNp2 H H H 480 Pt 2 Pr Ph sTn1 H H H 481 Pt 2 Pr Ph sTn3 H H H 482 Pt 2 Pr Tn1 sPh H H H 483 Pt 2 Pr Tn1 sNp2 H H H 484 Pt 2 Pr Tn1 sTn1 H H H 485 Pt 2 Pr Tn1 sTn3 H H H 486 Pt 2 Pr Tn3 sPh H H H 487 Pt 2 Pr Tn3 sNp2 H H H 488 Pt 2 Pr Tn3 sTn1 H H H 489 Pt 2 Pr Tn3 sTn3 H H H 490 Pt 2 Pr Np2 sPh H H H 491 Pt 2 Pr Np2 sNp2 H H H 492 Pt 2 Pr Np2 sTn1 H H H 493 Pt 2 Pr Np2 sTn3 H H H
[0092] TABLE 15 No M m CyN1 CyC1 R1 R2 R3 R4 494 Pd 2 Pr Ph sPh H H H 495 Pd 2 Pr Ph sNp2 H H H 496 Pd 2 Pr Ph sTn1 H H H 497 Pd 2 Pr Ph sTn3 H H H 498 Pd 2 Pr Tn1 sPh H H H 499 Pd 2 Pr Tn1 sNp2 H H H 500 Pd 2 Pr Tn1 sTn1 H H H 501 Pd 2 Pr Tn1 sTn3 H H H 502 Pd 2 Pr Tn3 sPh H H H 503 Pd 2 Pr Tn3 sNp2 H H H 504 Pd 2 Pr Tn3 sTn1 H H H 505 Pd 2 Pr Tn3 sTn3 H H H 506 Pd 2 Pr Np2 sPh H H H 507 Pd 2 Pr Np2 sNp2 H H H 508 Pd 2 Pr Np2 sTn1 H H H 509 Pd 2 Pr Np2 sTn3 H H H
[0093] TABLE 16 No M m CyN1 CyC1 R1 R2 R3 R4 R5 R6 510 Ir 3 Pr Ph sPe H H H H H 511 Ir 3 Pr Ph sPh H sPh H H 512 Ir 3 Pr Ph H sPh H H 513 Ir 3 Pr Np2 sPe H H H H H 514 Ir 3 Pr Np2 H H sTn1 H CH3 H 515 Ir 3 Pr Tn1 CH3 H sTn1 H CH3 H 516 Ir 3 Pr Tn1 sPh H sTn1 H sPh H
[0094] TABLE 17 No M m n CyN1 CyC1 R1 R2 R3 R4 E G 517 Ir 2 1 Pr Tn3 H H sPh H CH3 CH3 518 Ir 2 1 Pr Tn1 H H sTn1 H CH3 CH3 519 Ir 2 1 Pr Np2 H H sNp2 H CH3 CH3 520 Ir 3 0 Py1 Ph sPh H H H — — 521 Ir 3 0 Py1 Ph sNp1 H H H — — 522 Ir 3 0 Pr Ph H H H sPh — — 523 Ir 3 0 Pr Ph H sPh H H — — 524 Ir 3 0 Pr Tn1 Ph H H H — — 525 Ir 2 1 Py1 Ph sPh H H H CH3 CH3 526 Ir 2 1 Py1 Ph sNp1 H H H CH3 CH3 527 Ir 2 1 Pr Ph H H H sPh CH3 CH3 528 Ir 2 1 Pr Ph H sPh H H CH3 CH3 529 Ir 2 1 Pr Tn1 Ph H H H CH3 CH3
[0095] Hereinbelow, the present invention will be described more specifically based on Examples.
EXAMPLES 1-6
[0096] Each of luminescence devices having a layer structure shown in FIG. 1B were prepared in the following manner.
[0097] On a 1.1 mm-thick glass substrate (transparent substrate 15 ), a 100 nm-thick film (transparent electrode 14 ) of ITO (indium tin oxide) was formed by sputtering, followed by patterning to form a stripe electrode including 100 lines each having a width of 100 nm and a spacing with an adjacent line of 10 nm (i.e., electrode pitch of 110 nm).
[0098] On the ITO-formed substrate, three organic layers and two metal electrode layers shown below were successively formed by vacuum (vapor) deposition using resistance heating in a vacuum chamber (10 −4 Pa).
[0099] Organic layer 1 (hole transport layer 13 ) (40 nm): α-NPD
[0100] Organic layer 2 (luminescence layer 12 ) (30 nm): co-deposited film of CBP:metal complex (metal coordination compound shown in Table 20) (95:5 by weight)
[0101] Organic layer 3 (electron transport layer 16 ) (30 nm): Alq3
[0102] Metal electrode layer 1 (metal electrode 11 )
[0103] (15 nm): Al—Li alloy (Li=1.8 wt. %) Metal electrode layer 2 (metal electrode 11 ) (100 nm): Al
[0104] The above-deposited metal electrode layers 1 and 2 (Al—Li layer and Al layer) had a stripe electrode pattern including 100 lines each having a width of 100 nm and a spacing of 10 nm (electrode pitch=110 nm) and arranged so that the stripe electrode pattern intersected with that of the ITO electrode at right angles to form a matrix of pixels each having an effective electrode area of 3 mm 2 comprising 20 ITO lines bundled together at a lead-out portion and 15 Al (Al—Li) lines bundled together at a lead-out portion.
[0105] Each of the thus-prepared luminescence devices was taken out of the vacuum chamber and was subjected to a continuous energization (current passage) test in an atmosphere of dry nitrogen gas stream so as to remove device deterioration factors, such as oxygen and moisture (water content).
[0106] The continuous energization test was performed by continuously applying a voltage at a constant current density of 50 mA/cm 2 to the luminescence device having the ITO (transparent) electrode (as an anode) and the Al (metal) electrode (as a cathode), followed by measurement of emission luminance (brightness) with time so as to determine a time (luminance half-life) required for decreasing an initial luminance (60-220 cd/m 2 ) to ½ thereof.
[0107] The results are shown in Table 18 appearing hereinafter.
Comparative Example 1
[0108] A comparative luminescence device was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Examples 1-6 except that the Ir complexes (metal coordination compounds shown in Table 20) was changed to Ir-phenylpyrimidine complex (Ir(ppy) 3 ) shown below.
[0109] The results are also shown in Table 18 below.
TABLE 18 Ex. No. Compound No. Luminance half-life (Hr) Ex. 1 3 450 Ex. 2 11 550 Ex. 3 22 500 Ex. 4 43 500 Ex. 5 45 600 Ex. 6 385 400 Ex. 7 413 650 Comp.Ex. 1 Ir(ppy) 3 300
[0110] As is apparent from Table 18, compared with the conventional luminescence device using Ir(ppy) 3 , the luminescence devices using the metal coordination compounds of formula (1) according to the present invention provide longer luminance half-lives, thus resulting in an EL device having a high durability (luminance stability) based on a good stability of the metal coordination compound of formula (1) of the present invention.
EXAMPLE 7
[0111] A color organic EL display apparatus shown in FIG. 2 was prepared in the following manner.
[0112] An active matrix substrate had a planar structure basically similar to a structure described in U.S. Pat. No. 6,114,715.
[0113] Specifically, on a 1.1 mm-thick glass substrate, top state-type TFTs of polycrystalline silicon were formed in an ordinary manner and thereon, a flattening film was formed with contact holes for electrical connection with a pixel electrode (anode) at respective source regions, thus preparing an active matrix substrate with a TFT circuit.
[0114] On the active matrix substrate, a 700 nm-thick pixel electrode (anode) of ITO having a larger work function was formed in a prescribed pattern. On the ITO electrode, prescribed organic layers and a 100 nm-thick Al electrode (cathode) were successively formed by vacuum deposition with a hard mask, followed by patterning to form a matrix of color pixels (128×128 pixels).
[0115] The respective organic layers corresponding to three color pixels (red (R) green (G) and blue (B)) were-consisting of the following layers.
R Pixel Region
[0116] α-NPD (40 nm)/CBP: Ex. Comp. No. 22 (93:7 by weight) (30 nm)/BCP (20 nm)/Alq 3 (40 nm)
G Pixel Region
[0117] α-NPD (50 nm)/Alq 3 (50 nm)
B Pixel Region
[0118] α-NPD (50 nm)/BCP (20 nm)/Alq 3 (50 nm)
[0119] When the thus-prepared color organic EL display apparatus was driven, desired color image data can be displayed stably with good image qualities.
EXAMPLE 8
Synthesis of Example Compound No. 22
[0120]
[0121] In a 500 ml-three-necked flask, 12.6 g (85.2 mM) of 2,5-dichloropyridine, 15.2 g (85.4 mM) of benzothiophene-2-boronic acid, 75 ml of toluene, 37.5 ml of ethanol and 75 ml of 2M-sodium carbonate aqueous solution were placed and stirred at room temperature under nitrogen stream, and 3.06 g (2.64 mM) of tetrakis(triphenylphosphine)palladium (0) was added thereto, followed by refluxing under stirring for 8 hours under nitrogen stream. After the reaction, the reaction mixture was cooled on an ice bath to precipitate a crystal, which was then filtered out and washed with water. To the crystal, 100 ml of methanol was added and washed under stirring at room temperature, followed by filtration to recover the crystal. The crystal was purified by silica gel column chromatography (eluent: chloroform) and recrystallized from a mixture solvent of chloroform-methanol to obtain 11.8 g (Yield: 56.4%) of 5-chloro-2-(benzo[b]thienyl)pyridine (colorless crystal).
[0122] In a 100 ml-three-necked flask, 4.91 g (20.0 mM) of 5-chloro-2-(benzo[b]thienyl)pyridine, 3.66 g (30.0 mM) of phenylboronic acid, 9.58 g (40.0 mM) of tripotassium phosphate hydrate, 3.2 mg (0.020 mM) of palladium (II) acetate, 11.9 mg (0.040 mM) of 2-ditert-butylphosphinobiphenyl and 60 ml of toluene were placed and refluxed under stirring for 24 hours at 100° C. under nitrogen stream. After the reaction, the reaction mixture was cooled on an ice bath to precipitate a crystal, which was then filtered out and washed with water. To the crystal, 25 ml of methanol was added and washed under stirring at room temperature, followed by recovery by filtration. The crystal was purified by silica gel column chromatography (eluent: chloroform) and recrystallized from a chloroform-methanol mixture solvent to obtain 1.17 g (Yield: 20.4%) of 2-(benzo[b]thienyl)-5-phenylpyridine (colorless crystal).
[0123] In a 100 ml-four-necked flask, 50 ml of glycerol was placed and heated at 130-140° C. under stirring and bubbling with nitrogen for 2 hours. Then, the glycerol was cooled by standing to 100° C., and 1.15 g (4.00 mM) of 2-(benzo[b]thienyl)-5-phenylpyridine and 0.40 g (0.82 mM) of iridium (III) acetylacetonate were added thereto, followed by stirring for 5 hours at 180-235° C. under nitrogen stream. The reaction mixture was cooled to room temperature and poured into 300 ml of IN-hydrochloric acid to form a precipitate. The precipitate was recovered by filtration and washed with water, followed by drying for 5 hours at 100° C. under reduced pressure. The resultant precipitate was silica gel column chromatography (eluent: chloroform) to obtain 0.26 g (Yield: 30.2%) of red powdery tris[2-(benzo-[b]thienyl)-5-phenylpyridine-C 2 ,N]iridium (III).
[0124] According to MALDI-TOF MS (matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization-time of flight mass spectroscopy), the compound exhibited M + (mass number of the corresponding cation formed by removal of 1 electron) of 1051.2, thus confirming the objective iridium complex.
[0125] When the compound was dissolved in toluene and subjected to measurement of phosphorescence spectrum at an excited light wavelength of 380 nm by using a fluorescence spectrometer, the compound exhibited a phosphorescence spectrum showing λmax (maximum emission wavelength) of 620 nm, thus confirming clear red luminescence.
[0126] When the luminescence device prepared in Example 3 using the above-synthesized metal coordination compound (Ex. Comp. No. 22) was subjected to measurement of phosphorescence spectrum in a similar manner, a clear red luminescence was confirmed similarly as in the case of the compound in toluene described above.
EXAMPLE 9
Synthesis of Ex. Comp. No. 11
[0127] A metal coordination compound (Ex. Comp. No. 11) was synthesized through the following reaction schemes. Hereinafter, the synthesis yield is simply represented by “Y”.
[0128] According to MALDI-TOF MS, the compound exhibited M + =919.0, thus being identified as the objective iridium compound.
[0129] When the compound was dissolved in toluene and subjected to measurement of phosphorescence spectrum at an excited light wavelength of 400 nm by using a fluorescence spectrometer, the compound exhibited a phosphorescence spectrum showing λmax (maximum emission wavelength) of 612 nm, thus confirming clear red luminescence.
[0130] When a luminescence device having a layer structure shown below and using the above-synthesized metal coordination compound (Ex. Comp. No. 11) was prepared and subjected to measurement of phosphorescence spectrum in a similar manner, a clear red luminescence was confirmed similarly as in the case of the compound in toluene described above.
[0131] ITO (100 nm)/α-NPD (40 nm)/CBP: Ex. Comp. No. 11 (95:5 by weight)(30 nm)/BCP (20 nm)/Alq3 (40 nm)/Al—Li (1 nm)/Al (100 nm).
[0132] Further, the luminescence device exhibited a good rectifying characteristic.
[0133] Specifically, FIG. 3A is a graph showing a relationship between an electric field strength (E) and a current density of the luminescence device, and FIG. 3B is a graph showing a relationship between an electric field strength (E) and a luminance (L) of the luminescence device. Further, FIG. 3C shows a luminescence spectrum of the luminescence device under application of a voltage of 10 volts.
[0134] The luminescence device exhibited a luminescence efficiency of 0.8 lm/W under application of a voltage of 10 volts. The luminescence device also emitted stable luminescence even when the luminescence device was continuously supplied with the voltage for ca. 200 hours.
EXAMPLE 10
Synthesis of Ex. Comp. No. 45
[0135] A metal coordination compound (Ex. Comp. No. 45) was synthesized through the following reaction schemes.
[0136] According to MALDI-TOF MS, the compound exhibited M + =1183.3, thus being identified as the objective iridium compound.
[0137] When the compound was dissolved in toluene and subjected to measurement of phosphorescence spectrum at an excited light wavelength of 380 nm by using a fluorescence spectrometer, the compound exhibited a phosphorescence spectrum showing λmax (maximum emission wavelength) of 603 nm, thus confirming clear reddish orange luminescence.
[0138] When the luminescence device prepared in Example 5 using the above-synthesized metal coordination compound (Ex. Comp. No. 45) was subjected to measurement of phosphorescence spectrum in a similar manner, a clear reddish orange luminescence was confirmed similarly as in the case of the compound in toluene described above.
[0139] Further, the luminescence device exhibited a good rectifying characteristic.
[0140] The luminescence device exhibited a luminescence efficiency of 0.5 lm/W under application of a voltage of 8 volts. The luminescence device also emitted stable luminescence even when the luminescence device was continuously supplied with the voltage for ca. 150 hours.
EXAMPLE 11
Another Synthesis of Ex. Comp. No. 22
[0141] Tris[2-(benzo[b]thienyl)-5-phenylpyridine-C 2 ,N]iridium (III) (Ex. Comp. No. 22) prepared in Example 8 was synthesized through another reaction schemes shown below.
[0142] In a 200 ml-three-necked flask, 0.58 mg (1.64 mmole) of iridium (III) chloride-trihydrate (made by Across Organics Co.), 1.5 g (5.22 mmole) of 2-(benzo[b]thienyl)-5-phenylpyridine, 45 ml of ethoxyethanol and 15 ml of water were placed and stirred for 30 min. at room temperature under nitrogen stream, followed by 24 hours of reflux under stirring. The reaction product was cooled to room temperature, and the precipitate was recovered by filtration and washed with water, followed successive washing with ethanol and acetone. After drying under a reduced pressure at room temperature, 1.02 g of red powdery tetrakis[2-(benzo[b]thienyl)-5-phenylpyridine-C 2 ,N]-(μ-dichloro)diiridium (III) was obtained.
[0143] In a 200 ml-three-necked flask, 70 ml of ethoxyethanol, 0.95 g (0.72 mmole) of tetrakis[2-(benzo[b]thienyl)-5-phenylpyridine-C 2 N](μ-dichloro)-diiridium (III), 0.22 g (2.10 mM) of acetylacetone and 1.04 g (9.91 mM) of sodium carbonate, were placed and stirred for 1 hour at room temperature under nitrogen stream and then refluxed under stirring for 15 hours. The reaction product was cooled with ice, and the precipitate was filtered out and washed with water. The precipitate was then purified by silica gel column chromatography (eluent: chloroform/methanol=30/1) to obtain 0.43 g of red powdery bis[2-(benzo[b]thienyl)-5-phenylpyridine-C 2 ,N](acetylacetonato)-iridium (III) (Example Compound No. 517). According to MALDI-TOF MS, M + of 864.2 of the compound was confirmed. A toluene solution of the compound exhibited a luminescence spectrum showing λmax=631 nm and a quantum yield of 0.18 relative to 1.0 of Ir(ppy) 3 .
[0144] In a 100 ml-three-necked flask, 0.27 g (0.94 mM) of 2-(benzo[b]thienyl)-5-phenylpyridine, 0.36 g (0.42 mM) of bis[2-benzo[b]thienyl)-5-phenylpyridine-C 2 ,N](acetylacetonato)iridium (III) and 25 ml of glycerol, were placed and heated around 180° C. for 8 hours under stirring and nitrogen stream. The reaction product was cooled to room temperature and poured into 170 ml of 1N-hydrochloric acid, and the precipitate was filtered out, washed with water and dried at 100° C. under a reduced pressure for 5 hours. The precipitate was purified by silica gel column chromatography with chloroform as the eluent to obtain 0.27 g of red powdery tris[2-(benzo[g]thienyl-5-phenylpyridine-C 2 ,N]iridium (III) (Example Compound No. 22). According to MALDI-TOF MS, M + of 1051.2 of the compound was confirmed. A toluene solution of the compound exhibited a luminescence spectrum showing λmax=627 nm and a quantum yield of 0.17 relative to 1.0 of Ir(ppy) 3 .
[0145] The above-synthesized compound and a luminescence device prepared by using the compound exhibited luminescence characteristics similar to those of the compound and luminescence device prepared in Example 8.
[0146] Bis[2-(benzo[g]thienyl)-5-phenylpyridine-C 2 ,N]iridium (III) (Ex. Comp. No. 517) prepared in this example as an intermediate product exhibited λmax which was longer by ca. 4 nm than that of the final product (Ex. Comp. No. 22) having three identical ligands. Further, when a luminescence device using the intermediate product was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 8, the luminescence device exhibited a luminescence spectrum showing λmax=631 nm. Accordingly, the intermediate product used in this example can also be used as a luminescence material.
EXAMPLE 12
Another Synthesis of Ex. Comp. No. 45
[0147] The metal coordination compound (Ex. Comp. No. 45) prepared in Example 10 was synthesized through another reaction schemes shown below.
[0148] In a 200 ml-three-necked flask, 0.58 mg (1.64 mmole) of iridium (III) chloride-trihydrate (made by Across Organics Co.), 1.7 g (5.1 mmole) of a compound (1), 45 ml of ethoxyethanol and 15 ml of water were placed and stirred for 30 min. at room temperature under nitrogen stream, followed by 24 hours of reflux under stirring. The reaction product was cooled to room temperature, and the precipitate was recovered by filtration and washed with water, followed successive washing with ethanol and acetone. After drying under a reduced pressure at room temperature, 1.0 g (yield=93.4%) of red powdery compound (2) was obtained.
[0149] In a 200 ml-three-necked flask, 70 ml of ethoxyethanol, 0.90 g (0.71 mmole) of the compound (2), 0.22 g (2.10 mmole) of acetylacetone and 1.04 g (9.91 mmole) of sodium carbonate, were placed and stirred for 1 hour at room temperature under nitrogen stream and then refluxed under stirring for 15 hours. The reaction product was cooled with ice, and the precipitate was filtered out and washed with water. The precipitate was then purified by silica gel column chromatography (eluent: chloroform/methanol=30/1) to obtain 0.39 g of red powdery compound (3) (Example Compound No. 519). According to MALDI-TOF MS, M + of 952.3 of the compound was confirmed. A toluene solution of the compound exhibited a luminescence spectrum showing λmax=608 nm and a higher quantum yield of 0.30 relative to 1.0 of Ir(ppy) 3 in this emission wavelength region.
[0150] In a 100 ml-three-necked flask, 0.29 g (0.88 mM) of the compound (1) 0.34 g (0.35 mM) of the compound (3) and 25 ml of glycerol, were placed and heated around 180° C. for 8 hours under stirring and nitrogen stream. The reaction product was cooled to room temperature and poured into 170 ml of 1N-hydrochloric acid, and the precipitate was filtered out, washed with water and dried at 100° C. under a reduced pressure for 5 hours. The precipitate was purified by silica gel column chromatography with chloroform as the eluent to obtain 0.23 g of red powdery compound (4) (Example Compound No. 45). According to MALDI-TOF MS, M + of 1183.4 of the compound was confirmed. A toluene solution of the compound exhibited a luminescence spectrum showing λmax=603 nm and a quantum yield of 0.278 relative to 1.0 of Ir(ppy) 3 .
[0151] The above-synthesized compound and a luminescence device prepared by using the compound exhibited luminescence characteristics similar to those of the compound and luminescence device prepared in Example 10.
[0152] The compound (3) (Ex. Comp. No. 519) prepared in this example as an intermediate product exhibited λmax which was longer by ca. 4 nm than that of the final product (Ex. Comp. No. 45) having three identical ligands. Further, when a luminescence device using the intermediate product was prepared and evaluated in the same manner as in Example 10, the luminescence device exhibited a luminescence spectrum showing λmax=608 nm and an external luminescence yield of 0.7 lm/W. Further, the luminescence device emitted stable luminescence even when continuously supplied with the voltage for ca. 100 hours. Accordingly, the intermediate product used in this example can also be used as a luminescence material.
EXAMPLE 13
Synthesis of Ex. Comp. Nos. 520 and 525
[0153] It is easy to synthesize the following compounds in the same manner as in Example 11 except that 4-chloropyrimidine is synthesized from 4(3H)-pyrimidone (made by Aldrich Co.) in the same manner as the process described at pages 37 and 38 of JP-A (Tokuhyo) 2001-504113 (corr. to U.S. Pat. No. 6,300,330) and is reacted with 4-phenylboronic acid (made by Lancaster Co.) to obtain 4-(biphenyl-4-yl)pyrimidine, which is used instead of 2-(benzo[b]thienyl)-5-phenylpyridine.
[0154] Bis[4-(biphenyl-4-yl)pyridine-C 3, N 3 ] (acetylacetonato) iridium (III) (Ex. Comp. No. 520).
[0155] Tris[4-(biphenyl-4-yl)pyrimidine-C 3 ,N 3 ] iridium (III) (Ex. Comp. No. 525).
EXAMPLE 14
Synthesis of Ex. Comp. Nos. 521 and 526
[0156] It is easy to synthesize the following compounds in the same manner as in Example 11 except that 4-(4-chlorophenyl)pyrimidine is synthesized from 4-chloropyrimidine prepared in Example 13 and 4-chlorophenylboronic acid (made by Aldrich Co.) and was reacted with 2-naphthaleneboronic acid (made by Lancaster Co.) to obtain 4-[4-(2-naphthyl)phenyl]-pyrimidine, which is used instead of 2-(benzo[b]thienyl)-5-phenylpyridine.
[0157] Bis{4-[4-(2-naphthyl)phenyl]pyrimidine-C 3 , N 3 }(acetylacetonato)iridium (III) (Ex. Comp. No. 521).
[0158] Tris{4-[4-(2-naphthyl)phenyl]pyrimidine-C 3 ,N 3 }iridium (III) (Ex. Comp. No. 526).
EXAMPLE 15
Synthesis of Ex. Comp. Nos. 522 and 527
[0159] It is easy to synthesize the following compounds in the same manner as in Example 11 except that 2,4-diphenylpyridine is synthesized from phenylboronic acid (made by Tokyo Kasei Kogyo K.K.) and 4-phenyl-2-bromopyridine (made by General Intermediates of Canada) and was used instead of 2-(benzo[b]thienyl)-5-phenylpyridine.
[0160] Bis(2,4-diphenylpyridine-C 2 ,N 1 )(acetylacetonato)iridium (III) (Ex. Comp. No. 522).
[0161] Tris(2,4-diphenylpyridine-C 2 ,N 1 )iridium (III) (Ex. Comp. No. 527).
EXAMPLE 16
Synthesis of Ex. Comp. Nos. 523 and 528
[0162] It is easy to synthesize the following compounds in the same manner as in Example 11 except that 2-(biphenyl-3-yl)pyridine is synthesized from 3-biphenylboronic acid (made by Lancaster Co.) and 2-bromopyridine (made by Tokyo Kasei Kogyo K.K.) and is used instead of 2-(benzo[b]thienyl)-5-phenylpyridine.
[0163] Bis[2-(biphenyl-3-yl)pyridine-C 4 ,N 3 )(acetylacetonato)iridium (III) (Ex. Comp. No. 523).
[0164] Tris[2-(biphenyl-2-yl)pyridine-C 4 1 ,N 3 )iridium (III) (Ex. Comp. No. 528).
EXAMPLE 17
Synthesis of Ex. Comp. Nos. 524 and 529
[0165] It is easy to synthesize the following compounds in the same manner as in Example 11 except that 2-(5-bromothiophene-2-yl)pyridine is synthesized from 2-bromopyridine (made by Tokyo Kasei Kogyo K.K.) and 5-bromothiophene-2-boronic acid (made by Aldrich Co.) and was reacted with phenylboronic acid (made by Tokyo Kasei Kogyo K.K.) to obtain 2-(5-phenylthiophene-2-yl)pyridine, which is used instead of 2-(benzo[b]thienyl)-5-phenylpyridine.
[0166] Bis[2-(5-phenylthiophene-2-yl)pyridine-C 2 ,N 1 )(acetylacetonato)iridium (III) (Ex. Comp. No. 524).
[0167] Tris[2-(5-phenylthiophene-2-yl)pyridine-C 2 ,N 1 )iridium (III) (Ex. Comp. No. 529).
[0168] As described above, according to the present invention, the metal coordination compound of the formula (1) characterized by aromatic substituent. The electroluminescence device (luminescence device) of the present invention using, as a luminescent center material, the metal coordination compound of the formula (1) is an excellent device which not only allows high-efficiency luminescence but also retains a high luminance for a long period and shows little deterioration by current passage. Further, the display apparatus using the electroluminescence device of the present invention exhibits excellent display performances.
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