(en)A METHOD OF MAKING A METAL PHTHALOCYANINE-BONDEDPOLYMER COMPRISING DIAZOTIZING TRIAMINO METAL PHTHALOCYANINE IN AQUEOUS MEDIUM CONTAINING HYDROCHLORIC ACID IN A QUANTITY WHICH EXCEEDS ITS THEORETICAL QUANTITY BY AT LEAST 10 MOLES PER ONE AMINO RADICAL TO PRODUCE THE DIAZOTIZED PRODUCT COMPRISING DIAZOTIZED TRIAMINO METAL PHTHALOCYANINE, STABILIZING THE DIAZOTIZED PRODUCT WITH A STABLIZIER TO PRODUCE THE STABILIZED DIAZO COMPOUND, MIXING THE STABILIZED DIAZO COMPOUND WITH AN ADDITIONPOLYMERIZABLE MONOMER AND POLYMERIZING SAID MONOMER USING THE STABILIZED DIAZO COMPOUND AS AN INITIATOR FOR THE POLYMERIZING TO FORM THE METAL PHTHALOCYANNINEBONDED-POLYMER AND METAL PHTHALOCYANINE-BONDEDPOLYMER MADE THEREBY.

1.ApplicationNumber: US-3637581D-A
1.PublishNumber: US-3637581-A
2.Date Publish: 19720125
3.Inventor: SHOJIRO HORIGUCHI
MICHIEI NAKAMURA

4.Inventor Harmonized: HORIGUCHI SHOJIRO()
NAKAMURA MICHIEI()

5.Country: US
6.Claims:
(en)A METHOD OF MAKING A METAL PHTHALOCYANINE-BONDEDPOLYMER COMPRISING DIAZOTIZING TRIAMINO METAL PHTHALOCYANINE IN AQUEOUS MEDIUM CONTAINING HYDROCHLORIC ACID IN A QUANTITY WHICH EXCEEDS ITS THEORETICAL QUANTITY BY AT LEAST 10 MOLES PER ONE AMINO RADICAL TO PRODUCE THE DIAZOTIZED PRODUCT COMPRISING DIAZOTIZED TRIAMINO METAL PHTHALOCYANINE, STABILIZING THE DIAZOTIZED PRODUCT WITH A STABLIZIER TO PRODUCE THE STABILIZED DIAZO COMPOUND, MIXING THE STABILIZED DIAZO COMPOUND WITH AN ADDITIONPOLYMERIZABLE MONOMER AND POLYMERIZING SAID MONOMER USING THE STABILIZED DIAZO COMPOUND AS AN INITIATOR FOR THE POLYMERIZING TO FORM THE METAL PHTHALOCYANNINEBONDED-POLYMER AND METAL PHTHALOCYANINE-BONDEDPOLYMER MADE THEREBY.

7.Description:
(en)1972 SHOJIRO HORIGUCHI EFAL METHOD OF MAKING CHROMOGEN-BONDED-POLYMER AND PRODUCTS THEREOF Filed Aug. 4, 1967 5 Sheets-Sheet 1 x 028666898 Y-O.33973269 z 0.60326 222 0.233: y- 0.2762 Ad-484Am/ P-32.2%
PERCENT TRANSMITTANCE REFLECTANCE (JJ (I89) I 10 h 1 I O l J 400 500 600 70 WAVELENGTH IN MILUMICRONS 60 FIGJ LU U Y 0.34 083258 I; z-0.588|7464 (42.2) 0.2860! b: 022058 \d-486.8mz; 0 35.9
E 2 m g SPECIMEN No.2 y- 20 5 5g LL] 0.
. WAVELENGTH IN MILLIMICRONS INVENTORS SHOJI RO HORIGUCHI FIG- 2 MICHIEI NAKAMURA ATTORN EY METHOD OF MAKING CHROMOGEN-BONDED-POLYMER AND PRODUCTS THEREOF WAVELENGTH IN M ILL! M ICRONS OOO.
YZXV/ 9 3 SPECIMEN NO.4
WAVELENGTH IN MILLIMJCRONS INVENTO SHOJIRO HORIGJ C HI MICHIEI NAKAMURA PERCENT TRANSMITTANCE REFLECTANCE PERCENT TEANSMITTANCE EEFLECTANCE JML 1972 SHOJIRO HORIGUCHI ETAL METHOD OF MAKING CHROMOGEN-BONDED-POLYMER AND PRODUCTS THEREOF Filed Aug. 4, 1967 5 Sheets-Sheet 5 X 0A56 2* Q2280 o. s: 60 x 01313 '7 0-200? 50 Ac1= 482.4 1m,
WAVELENGTH IN MILLIMICRQNS WAVELENGTH m MILLIMICIZONS INVENTOR.
6 SHOJIFZO HORIGUCHI ATTOQNEV United States Patent 3,637,581 METHOD OF MAKING CHROMOGEN-BONDED- POLYMER AND PRODUCTS THEREOF Shojiro Horiguchi, 965 Shimohoya, Hoyamachi, Kitatamagun, Tokyo, Japan, and Michiei Nakamura, 156, 5- chome, Motobuto-clio, Urawa-shi, Saitama-ken, Japan Continuation-impart of application Ser. No. 477,946, Aug. 6, 1965. This application Aug. 4, 1967, Ser. No. 658,465
Int. Cl. B4411 1/00; C08d 11/00; C08f 45/04 U.S. Cl. 260-415 R 21 Claims ABSTRACT OF THE DISCLOSURE A method of making a metal phthalocyanine-bondedpolymer comprising diazotizing triamino metal phthalocyanine in aqueous medium containing hydrochloric acid in a quantity which exceeds its theoretical quantity by at least moles per one amino radical to produce the diazotized product comprising diazotized triamino metal phthalocyanine, stabilizing the diazotized product with a stabilizer to produce the stabilized diazo compound, mixing the stabilized diazo compound with an additionpolymerizable monomer and polymerizing said monomer using the stabilized diazo compound as an initiator for the polymerizing to form the metal phthalocyaninebonded-polymer and the metal phthalocyanine-bondedpolymer made thereby.
CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATIONS This application is a continuation-in-part application of application S.N. 477,946, filed Aug. 6, 1965, now abandoned for A Method of Making Chromogen Bonded Polymer and Products Thereof.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION This invention relates to colored polymers. More particularly, it relates to a novel chromogen-bended-polymer, a method of making such novel chromogen-bonded-polymer and a process for coloring articles therewith.
Known dyes which have been generally utilized in the dyeing industry, while satisfactorily bright in color, are characterized by Weak resistance to light, heat, chemicals, migration, solvents, etc. By contrast, pigments generally have satisfactory resistance characteristics but the brightness of their color and the transparency thereof are much inferior to conventional dye both in the case of a single color as well as that of combined colors. Therefore, in using a pigment which is inherently of much larger particle size than a dye, as a coloring agent, the pigment has to be repeatedly kneaded with solvents, varnishes, plasticizers, plastics and the like, using various dispersing apparatus to obtain smaller particles.
Particles of pigment tend to reaggregate or refioculate during a pressure filtering process, and may further aggregate again several times during a drying process to form very hard clusters. Pigment, once formed into such hard clusters, can never again be dispersed completely satisfactorily with mechanical devices. As particles of pigment are much larger than those of dyes to begin with, not only are pigments insufficiently transparent but also their brightness in color is much inferior to that of dyes. Furthermore, large particles result in a lowering of abrasion resistance in case of coatings, and in a degradation of mechanical and electrical properties in the case of mixed coloring and inner coloring, and thus adversely aifect the colored material to cause ageing, degradation, excoriation and delamination thereof.
ice
Accordingly, it is an important object of this invention to provide a chromogen-bonded-polymer which overcomes the aforestated defects of dyes and pigments, i.e., which has a high degree of transparency and high tinting strength, and which is characterized by superior retention of physical, mechanical and electrical properties, and good resistance to chemical and physical wear.
A chromogen-bonded-polymer is a colored polymer in which a chromogen-portion is directly and chemically bonded to a polymer portion. It has been found to be an excellent coloring agent having a brightness of color comparable to that of dyes, light and chemical resistance characteristics which are superior to those of pigments and tinting and fixing strength comparable to that of highpolymer binders.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION In accordance with this object there is provided an addition-polymer having in its structure at least one chromogen containing unit to provide a metal phthalocyanine bonded polymer. This chromogen portion has the following general structural formula:
wherein M is selected from the group consisting of copper, cobalt, and nickel in which a, a and a" are selected from the group consisting of H and -CH radicals; b, b, and b" are selected from the group consisting of H and -CH radicals; c, c, and c are selected from the group consisting of -H, CH -Cl, and -CN radicals; d, d, and d" are selected from the group consisting of OCOR, --OCOAr, -COOH, COOR, -COO:R OH,
-CHO, COCl, CN, CONH -CONHCH OH, -CONHCH OR CO'NHCH SO H, CON
-Ar, C1, and Br radicals wherein R is selected from the group consisting of C H in which n" is an integer from 1 to 18, R is selected from the group consisting of C H which n' is an integer from 1 to 5 and Ar is selected from the group consisting of C H C H.,CH and C H radicals; p, p, p", and p are selected from the group consisting of -H, halogen radicals, and SO H,
DESCRIPTION OF THE FIGURES In the drawing, FIG. 1 is a curve showing percent transmittance reflectance of a specimen of a mixed polyester-cotton cloth colored with a methylolated copper phthalocyanine blue (tri)-bonded-polyacrylamide in accordance with the invention;
FIG. 2 is a curve similar to that of FIG. 1 but showing the reflectance of a specimen of a polyester-cotton cloth colored with a methylolated copper phthalocyanine blue (tetra)-bonded-polyacrylamide;
FIG. 3 is a curve similar to that of FIGS. 1 and 2 showing the reflectance of a specimen of art paper treated with copper phthalocyanine blue (tri)-bonded-polymethyl methacrylate according to the invention;
FIG. 4 is a curve similar to that of FIGS. 1 to 3 but showing the reflectance of a specimen of art paper treated with copper phthalocyanine blue (tetra)-bonded-poly methyl methacrylate.
FIG. 5 is a curve similar to that of FIGS. 1 to 4 but showing the reflectance of a specimen of polymethylmethacrylate-casted plate colored with copper phthalocyanine blue (tri)-bonded-polymethyl methacrylate according to the invention; and
FIG. 6 is a curve similar to that of FIGS. 1 to 5 but showing the reflectance of a specimen of polymethylmethacrylate-casted plate colored with copper phthalocyanine blue (tetra)-bonded-polymethylmethacrylate.
DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS The method of producing the chromogen bondedpolymer comprises diazotizing triamino metal phthalocyanine in aqueous medium containing hydrochloric acid in a quantity which exceeds its theoretical quantity by at least 10 mols per one amino radical to produce the diazotized product comprising diazotized triamino metal phthalocyanine, stabilizing this diazotized product with a material selected from the group consisting of heavy metal salts, organic acids, inorganic acids, salts of organic acids, salts of inorganic acids and amino compounds,
mixing the stabilized product with an addition-polymerizable monomer and polymerizing the monomer to form the metal phthalocyanine-bonded-polymer.
The mechanism of formation of the metal phthalocyanine-bonded-polymer is a follows:
The stabilized diazonium salt or the stabilized diazo compound of the metal phthalocyanine is decomposed by an action of pH variation, heat or light, etc., producing nitrogen gas to form a free radical-containing-metal phthalocyanine which acts as a polymerization initiator for the polymerization of the addition-polymerizable monomers.
The thus formed free radical-containing-metal phthalocyanine attacks the monomers and reacts to them, binding the metal phthalocyanine to the monomer with a covalent bond of carbon to carbon and forming free radicals at the end group of this reaction product. Simultaneously, the free radicals of the reaction product are continuously propagated to the other monomers and polymerize the latter monomers thereby producing the chromogen-bonded-polymer.
The existence of the carbon to carbon covalent bond of the metal phthalocyanine portion and the polymer portion was confirmed by both chemical analysis and instrumental analysis. It was ascertained that one of the products obtained by the procedure of the decomposition (depolymerization, oxidation and hydrolysis) of the copper phthalocyanine blue-bonded-polymer produced by using 4.4'.4"-triamino copper phthalocyanine blue was trimellitio acid (benzene-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid) through the examinations of its infrared spectrum and melting point. From the examinations, it can be concluded that that first methylene group in the polymer portion, was converted to a carboxylic acid group by oxidation, and that the position of this carboxylic acid group was the same as that of the stabilized diazonium salt group in the copper phthalocyanine blue-containing-stabilized diazonium salt.
The metal phthalocyanine blue-bonded-polymer could not be separated into two parts, i.e., a copper phthalocyanine blue part and a polymer part, by using solvents. In photographs thereof obtained by the electron microscope, no particle of the copper phthalocyanine blue was recognized in the cases both before and after a xylene treatment at elevated temperature. In addition, its X-ray diffraction analysis charts showed that the copper phthalocyanine blue-bonded-polymer was amorphous and free of any crystalline material both before and after the xylene treatment at elevated temperatures. This is because, the polymer portion bonded to the chromogen portion acts as the solubilizing or dispersing group in a suitable medium, and interferes with the formation of a crystalization of the copper phthalocyanine portion with its steric hindrance.
Known pigments of the phthalocyanine group, of which only those of reddish blue, yellowish green and black have been discovered heretofore, are generally quite stable with good resistance to the deleterious effects of light, heat, acids, bases, solvents, chemicals and oils. The one exception among the phthalocyanine pigments is the unstable phthalocyanine blue.
Furthermore, phthalocyanine pigments have better tinting strength and are produced at a cost much lower than other pigments. Consequently, the phthalocyanine pigments, of substantially all pigments, are the ones most advantageously utilized in industry.
With regard to the phthalocyanine blue, such as copper phthalocyanine blue, it has been definitely established by internal observation and investigation that copper phthalocyanine blue, upon being chlorinated or brominated, can be varied in color shade from blue to green depending upon the number of substituents and the position of these substituents. It is also known that copper-phthalocyanine blue forms several types of crystalline structures such as the alpha, beta and gamma types. However, the use of the known copper-phthalocyanine blue, presents the following disadvantages:
(1) Dispersibility is extremely poor. Since crystalline structures of the alpha, beta, gamma types, etc. form exceedingly solid crystals, they cannot be completely broken down into ultrafine particles by mechanical means. Therefore, if copper-phthalocyanine blue is used as mix-coloring material, it is physically weakened whereby ageing of an article colored thereby is accelerated, and the electric properties of such article are adversely affected. Moreover, when copper-phthalocyanine blue is used as a coating coloring material, the color shade turns to almost black because of its strong tinting ability and lack of transparency, whereby the attractive blue shade that copper-phthalocyanine blue normally possesses cannot be maintained. Accordingly, the pigment concentration of the copper-phthalocyanine blue has to be decreased to a desired level with white pigment.
(2) It presents the problem of double colors: As mentioned hereinabove, because of the darkening caused by the good tinting strength, lack of transparency of copper-phthalocyanine blue, white pigments such as titanium oxide are often used to dilute the copper-phthalocyanine blue pigment in order to obtain a desirable concentration thereof. However, during the process of dilu tion, only the copper-phthalocyanine blue pigment flocculates causing color separation whereby the surface of the colored article is made light brown and dull as well as uneven in color.
In order to improve the properties of copper-phthalocyanine blue, it has been attempted to prevent color separation of the titanium white pigment by the introduction into the benzene nucleus of copper-phthalocyanine blue of various substituents (such as hydrogen, halogens (Cl, Br, etc.) or --SO R, SO H, --SO NRR, CH R,
-CH NRR', etc.), or by coating the surface of the pigment with other materials. However, introduction of such substituents has not produced desired results. Such ineffectiveness of substituents results from the different electric charge of the copper-phthalocyanine blue as compared with other pigments. In this latter connection, it has been shown that when degrees of electrophoresis of organic pigments fully dispersed in water are measured, only copper-phthalocyanine blue is found to have plus charge, while the other pigments respectively have minus charges. This unique characteristic of copper-phthalocyanine blue with regard to such electric charge tends to lower the electrical resistance of the colored material or article.
The known copper phthalocyanine blue pigment cannot be dissolved in any organic or inorganic solvent except sulfuric acid (it is slightly soluble in a-chloronaphthalene).
In general, the crude copper phthalocyanine blue pigment condensed at elevated temperatures, of which the crystal form is stable, has very poor tinting ability. To improve such tinting ability under ordinary processing conditions, the crude pigment is dissolved in sulfuric acid and then this sulfuric acid solution is poured slowly into a large quantity of water with strong stirring to form fine particles of copper phthalocyanine pigment which is employed in conventional usage.
However, the thus obtained copper phthalocyanine blue pigment, which has an attractive and distinct color, is extremely unstably crystalline in a solvent other than a hydrophilic one, and in a plasticizer. Particularly, in an organic solvent of the aromatic group, copper phthalocyanine blue reforms into relatively large crystals after undergoing a stable-type crystal transposition. Consequently, the result is that the copper phthalocyanine blue is finally of no value as a pigment, is dull in color with a greyish shade, and also loses tinting strength.
Such undesirable phenomena occur only in such media as aromatic solvents but also, in varnish, plasticizers and plastics, in which the pigment gradually undergoes crystal transposition and grows into particle's. Coloring materials such as inks and paints containing the pigment and which have been in storage for a relatively long time may lose their properties as coloring materials and not only are their tinting strengths weakened, but their physical characteristics are also degraded.
Thus, it is readily appreciated that the mixing of the unstable type of copper phthalocyanine blue for combinations of colors is not desirable, and that a more stable crystal type of copper phthalocyanine blue has to be employed for paints, lacquers, inks, etc. in which a hydrophobic solvent is used.
A stable copper phthalocyanine blue pigment is produced in a method of making corpuscles of the unstable type of phthalocyanine blue such minute particles being obtained by recrystallizing the copper phthalocyanine blue in sulfuric acid solvent, the latter particles undergoing crystal transposition into a stable type in acetone or xylene, and being broken down using a ball-mill or like means. When the said particle crystals are broken down in the ball-mill, small particles of stable pigment are obtained.
However, since the aforesaid process of producing the stable type of copper phthalocyanine blue pigment is complicated, takes a long time, and entails the use of an inflammable solvent, it is not suit-able for mass-production. As a consequence, the production cost thereof is considerably higher than that of the method for making the unstable type of phthalocyanine blue pigments.
In order to overcome the aforementioned defects of the ordinary unstable type of copper phthalocyanine blue pigment, viz: 1) inferior dispersibility, (2) lack of transparency, (3) the problem of double color caused by its unique electric charge, and (4) crystal transposition, etc. while retaining the various advantageous properties of phthalocyanine blue as a pigment, various types of pigments of the phthalocyanine group are utilized as the chromogen portion of a chromogen-bonded-polymer.
In this regard, the variations in the phthalocyanine group pigments are considered from the following two points.
1) Variation due to the type of metal forming its central nucleus (2) Variation due to substituents on the outer benzene nucleus, i.e., types and numbers of substituents and the positions thereof.
First, in connection with the effects of different metals forming the central nucleus of the phthalocyanine pigments, variations in color from blue to green have been produced, but red and yellow colors have not been produced using all species of metals. It is to be noted that:
Metals unstably electrovalent are: Li, Na, K, Ag, Ca, Ba, Cd, etc.
Metals of the stable covalent bond type are: Cu, Be, Mg, Zn, Al, Ti, Sn, Pb, V, Cr, Mo, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Pd, Pt. Of the stable metals, the most stable ones thereof are: Cu, which when used as the central nucleus provides a vivid blue color, Zn (greenish blue), V (greenish blue), Cr (dark green), Mo (dark blue green), Mn (olive green), Fe (dark yellowish green), Co (blue), Ni (greenish blue), and Pt (greenish blue).
The metals which provides a pigment most resistive to the effects of sunlight and with vivid color are Cu, Co and Ni.
In view of the foregoing, an intensive study has been made of the following selected from among the metal phthalocyanine group:
(a) copper phthalocyanine group (b) cobalt phthalocyanine group (c) nickel phthalocyanine group The standard formula of the metal phthalocyanine follows in which M is selected from the group consisting of Cu, Co, and Ni.
An attempt was also made to produce several types of a chromogen-bonded-polymer in accordance with the following process.
4-nitrophthalimide and phthalimide were mixed according to the molar ratios of the above table and the mixture pulverized to fine uniform powder. Urea, cuprous chloride and a catalyst such as ammonium molybdate and arsenic pentaoxide were added to the powder thus obtained and mixed well therewith. Then, the mixed raw materials were condensed under the method of either direct-fusion or condensation in trichlorobenzene solvent to form the nitro derivatives of copper phthalocyanine. After such condensation, the condensate was dissolved in sulfuric acid for purification, and was further purified with aqueous hydrochloric acid solution and aqueous sodium hydroxide solution. Thereafter, these purified nitro derivatives were reduced to amino derivatives with sodium sulfide and stannous chloride and were converted to salts of hydrochloric acid. The hydrochlorides of the amino derivatives corresponding to the compounds of (I), (II), (III), and (IV) of the above table were each separated from the obtained hydrochloride salts of the reduced products making use of the difference in their solubilities or in their centrifugal separation effects. Thereafter, the separated hydrochloride salts were respectively diazotized with sodium nitrite. Acrylamide was mixed with the thus obtained diazonium salt of copper phthalocyanine blue and polymerization of acrylamide was carried out using as the polymerization initiator the copper phthalocyanine chromogen-containing diazonium salt to form the chromogen-bonded-polymer.
In comparing the color shade of the chromogen-bondedpolymer with that of the known copper phthalocyanine blue (compound (V) of the above table), the chromogenbonded-polymer which was obtained using the mono-diazonium salt (compound I of the table), the di-diazonium salt (compound II of the table) and the tri-diazonium salt (compound III of the table) showed little difference in color. Perhaps, the chromogen-bonded-polymers were faintly yellowish in color, the yellow being progressively less in the order of compounds I, II, and III of the table. By contrast, the chromogen-bonded-polymer obtained by using copper phthalocyanine blue tetra-diazonium salt (compound IV of the table) showed an extremely yellowish color shade and turned into a dull greenish blue as compared with the chromogen-bonded-polymers obtained from compounds I, II and III.
Although reasons for the above set forth results have not been completely determined, it is believed that their mechanisms occur in the following manner. Metal phthalocyanine, assuming a resonance-structure therefor in which the ar-electron can easily move around one of the four phenyl nuclei forming the outside resonance structure of metal phthalocyanine, has to be forming a quinoid type structure. For this reason, mono-, diand tri-substituents on the phenyl nuclei of copper phthalocyanine cause substantially little change in the color shades of the resulting chromogen. However, in the case of tetra-substituted copper phthalocyanine, i.e., one substituent on each of the four phenyl nuclei, the fourth phenyl nucleus, which assumes the quinoid structure, is stabilized and the vr-electron easily moves all over the phthalocyanine molecule. Furthermore, the tetra-substituted metal phthalocyanine absorbs the longer waves of the visible light spectrum and presents a greenish shade to the eye.
Therefore, in improving the various defects of the phthalocyanine group pigments in connection with their dispersibility, transparency, crystalline transposition, etc., while maintaining at the same time, the excellent properties for resistance against light, heat, etc., as described hereinabove, it has been found that copper phthalocyanine-tetra-diazonium salt is not advantageously suitable as starting material for the chromogen-portion of the chromogen-bonded-polymer, when copper phthalocyanine blue which is normally vivid in color is selected as the chromogen.
Furthermore, when introducing strong reactive functional radicals into the polymer portion of the chromogenbonded-polymer, methylolating polyacrylamide with an aqueous solution of formaldehyde, it has been found that the copper phthalocyanine-bonded-reactive polymer wherein the monoand di-azonium salts of copper phthalocyanine blue are used as starting materials, has poor dispersibility in water. Particularly, the chromogenbonded-polymer obtained from the mono-diazonium salt is only slightly superior to an ordinarily dispersed pigment such as the known copper phthalocyanine blue pigment which is dispersed mechanically with the use of surface active agent.
However, the chromogen-bonded-polymers which are obtained from triand tetra-diazonium salts are quite soluble in the form of polyacryl amides. 0n methylolation thereof however, the polyacrylamide of the tetradiazonium salt often undergoes gelation, resulting in poor dispersibility. Moreover, the said chromogen-bonded-polymer produced from the aforesaid tetradiazonium salt of copper phthalocyanine blue is inferior to the chromogenbonded-polymer obtained from the tri-diazonium salt of copper phthalocyanine blue with regard to storage stability. Short pot-life is a fatal defect in a commercial product. Furthermore, the chromogen-bonded-polymer from compound III of the table is superior to that from the mono-, diand tetra-substituted compounds in every respect, i.e., color, dispersibility, storage stability reactivity, etc.
Where there is used a hydrophobic addition-polymerizable monomer such as methylmethacrylate, monoderivatives and di-derivatives of copper phthalocyanine blue are inferior to triand tetra-derivatives of copper phthalocyanine blue as to dispersibility. It has been discovered that the monoand di-derivatives are inferior to the tri-derivati-ves in their storage stability and physical properties. Although the reasons for these differences in the derivatives have not been completely clarified as yet, it is believed that they are caused by the number of diazonium salts contained in the chromogen, i.e. its solubility in water.
With regard to the pigments which are completely insoluble in solvents other than sulfuric acid such as phthalocyanine blue, they become soluble and dispersible in water, solvents, varnishes, plasticizers and plastics, etc. due to solubility or dispersibility of the polymer portion of the chromogen-bonded-polymer. However, monoand di-diazonium salts of copper phthalocyanine blue do not become soluble or dispersible, since the chromogen containing diazonium salt itself has a low water solubility, and only a portion of the surface aggregated diazonium salt decomposes immediately. Consequently, sufiicient free radicals are not formed to polymerize the monomer to introduce into copper phthalocyanine blue the polymer portion which may be dispersible in a suitable medium.
In other words, the higher the solubility of the chromogen containing diazonium salt is, the higher is the effectiveness of free radicals in causing polymerization of the addition-polymerizable monomer. In the production process using the tetradiazonium salt, much care has to be given to the reaction conditions such as pH, chlorine cation, temperature and the method of adding monomers. However, according to this invention, an attractive chromogen-bonded-polymer can be obtained quite easily by using copper phthalocyanine blue-tri-diazonium salt, the method of production of which lends itself readily to mass production techniques in industry.
The following table (Table II) indicates a comparison of the various diazonium salts when used to form a chromogen-bonded-polymer. In this connection, the raw material line restates in abbreviated form molar ratios of 4-nitro phthalimide and phthalimide used as depicted in Table I.
TAB LE IL-M-PHTHALOCYANINE-B ONDED-POLYME R Raw material 4-nitro-Ph.1./ i-nitro Ph.I./ 4-nitro Ph.I.l i-nltro Ph.I./ Ph.I.=1/3 Ph.I.=2/2 Ph.I.=3/1 Ph.I.=-i/
Solubility in water:
NH HCl Precipitation Precipitation Dispersion par- Swelling.
ticle small. N2Cl Incapable of dis- Dispersion partl- Clear solution Clear solution.
persion. cle large. Reaction against non-reactive monomer Extremely poor Fairly poor Excellent Good. Reaction against reactive monomer do do. do. Gelation. Product irom nonreactive monomer- Poor dispersion. do. do- Fairly poor Product from reactive monomer do do do Gelation. Introduction of reactive radical into product Out of the ques- Possible to some Fully possible. Poor dispersion tion. extent. cause gelatiou often. Storage lile Stable Stable Stable Unstable. Color shade" Reddish-blue Blue Blue Dull green-blue. Transparency Opaque Fairly opaque Transparent Transparent with impurity. Usefulness as industrial material compared to the Poor Fairly good Excellent Good.
usual copper-phtlialoeyanine.
From the foregoing, it IS seen that in accordance with the invention, a chromogen-bonded-polymer utllizmg triamino metal phthalocyanine as the chromogen provides an excellent coloring agent in which the metal phthalocyanine blue as shown in the following flow diagram retains the advantages of copper phthalocyanine blue as I pigment and at the same time completely eliminates the defects of conventional copper phthalocyanine blue.
The following flow diagram depicts the process of figi 181000 of making triamino copper phthalocyanine blue. In the diagram, K indicates kilograms, 1. indicates liters and T.C.B. indicates trichlorobenzene. I
Washing with water Urea 211.21: T.C.B. 1,000K initro-phthalimide and filtenng 120K Cuprous Plitlialimide chloride 214K 30.4K I Arsenic pentaoxide 6.0K 4 4 4 t t 0 llm IO- Heatlng up to 140 C phthalocyanine Stirring for 2-3 minutes to lower the temperature Water Temperature gradually 2 00 1, S 300K raised to 170C within 40 Naz 1-5 hrs. and maintained w t at 180i90C for 3-5 hrs. 4,000 1 I T.C.B 500K I i l T.C.B. removed with a I Reduction Vacuum Drying Smasher Purifying Alkaline Solution 4.4.4-triamino I Filtering copper-phthaloeyanino Method of making 4.4.4"-triamino-copper-phthalo- I cyanine There are several other methods for producing 4.4'.4- I Dl'ymg triamino-copper-phthalocyanine. One is to effect chlorination or bromination of the copper phthalocyanine with I amination thereafter; another is to produce the aforesaid 70 copper-phthalocyanine by employing NH OH in H 50 I with a catalyst such as ferrous sulfate. However, with I Pulvmzmg these methods, the positions 4 and 5 are not necessarily substituted and there is the decided possibility of, an
I amino radical being introduced into the positions 3 and 6 which are the more reactive positions.
Consequently, the 4.4.4" triamino-copper-phthalocyanine used herein comprises the steps of preparing 4.4'.4" trinitro-copper-phthalocyanine which is dark green, thereafter dissolving the latter compound in H 80 discharging it in a very great quantity of water to make it educe fine-particles of phthalocyanine, and then subjecting it to a water-treatment to reduce it with sodium sulfide to. obtain 4.4.4"-triamino-copper-phtha1ocyanine.
Another object of this invention is to provide a process for making a chromogen-bonded-polymer in accordance with the first object which has a high yield rate.
As has been stated hereinabove, the object of attaining a metal-phthalocyanine bonded polymer in which the metal phthalocyanine and the polymer are directly and chemically bonded is obtained by producing 4.4..4"-trinitro-metal phthalocyanine from a mixture of 4-nitrophthalimide and phthalimide in a 3 to 1 molar ratio re spectively, reducing the'trinitro compound to the triamino compound and diazotizing the triamino compound to form the 4.4'.4"-tri-diazonium salt thereof. The latter functions as the polymerization initiator in the polymerization of an addition-polymerizable monomer which is polymerized to produce the chromogen-bonded-polymer.
Using the known method of diazotization in which the concentration of hydrochloric acid is relatively low, it has been found that the ratio of the chromogen portion to the monomer portion of the chromogen-bonded-polymer which is obtained using the triamino copper phthalocyanine was approximately 1 to 4, i.e., the portion of the chromogen in the final product is small. Furthermore, the yield rate of the chromogen-bonded-polymer produced as measured against the starting materials used was rather low, i.e., about only 30 to 40%.
Intensive investigation of the mechanisms causing the low proportion of the chromogen in the final chromogenbonded-polymer product and the relatively low yield of the final product showed that there were defects in the process of diazotization, and in the usual polymerization process. However, an almost 80 to 90% yield rate had been attained in the overall process as shown in the flow diagram below, i.e., the condensation process to form 4.4.'4"-trinitrometal-phthalocyanine from 4 nitro phthalimide/ phthalimide in a 3 to 1 molar ratio and reducing process to reduce nitro phthalocyanine to 4.4'.4"-triamino-metalphthalocyanine.
An explanation of these phenomena is as follows and the improved process for producing chromogen (metalphthaloeyanine blue)-bonded-polymer from triaminometal-phthalocyanine is as shown in the following flow diagram.
Triamino Metal phthalocyanine H 01 p1 aste H01 ICE Water Diazotization reaction Additionpolymerizable monomer Polymerization Educing and washing with water Methanol or solvent Purifying Filtering 1 Pulverizing Chromogen-bonded polymer (Product) With the usual process of diazotizing tetramino-copperphthalocyanine into tetradiazo-copper-phthalocyanine, approximately 8 moles of HCl per NH radical is used whereby such proportion is approximately 6 moles more than the theoretical proportion of 2 mol (required to carry out the process of NH HCl, NaNO QHNO With this process, only 40 to 50% of diazotization rate is attained in diazotizing triamino-copper-phthalocyanine, even if diazotization is carried out while maintaining the reaction temperature very low. Moreover, much diazo residue is left, and satisfactory polymerization is not efiected during the process of polymerization. As a result, the reaction rate of monomers is poor, culminating in an unsatisfactory final yield rate. High quantities of the chromogen portion in the chromogen-bonded-polymer cannot be attained even through a purifying process.
Polymerization is carried out after neutralizing excessive HCl on the assumption that the volume of HCl is sufficient for the diazotization process. However, this assumption is not correct.
As a result of the investigation into this matter, it was found that the volume of HCl required in the process had to be in excess of that theoretically required quantity by at least mols per one amino radical, and that the highest yield rate was effected with an excess which was mols per one amino radical.
In such medium of a highly concentrated aqueous solution of hydrochloric acid, reaction begins in the reaction system immediately and the temperature thereof rises rapidly when monomers are added to the medium. However, there may result a spurting out of monomers, and by-products composed of a polymer not containing any chromogen, yielded by the polymerization initiated by a free radical of chlorine having been produced by the decomposition of the diazonium chloride, and there may result a great loss in monomers whereby the yield rate of the chromogen-bonded-polymer will be lowered. Furthermore, during the process of polymerization and of educing and taking out thereafter, monomers having ester and amide radicals often react according to the following formula: RCOOR', RCONH ROCOOH, which may deleteriously eliminate the desired properties of the polymer portion.
However, by stabilizing the diazonium chloride in the medium of highly concentrated hydrochloric acid solution, using a stabilizer, and at the same time precipitating, filtering and separating hydrochloric acid with a centrifugal separation machine, solubilizing again and dispersing in water, and adding monomers under mild conditions to polymerize the monomers, there results a minimization of loss of monomers, and a high yield rate is attained in the production of the polymer portion.
Such stabilizer is selected from the group consisting of a first subgroup consisting of heavy metal salts, a second subgroup consisting of inorganic acids and their salts, a third subgroup consisting of organic sulfonic acid, organic sulfonates, organic sulfuric acids and organic sulfates, a fourth subgroup consisting of amino compounds and a fifth subgroup consisting of thiophenols. The first subgroup of the stabilizer consists of zinc chloride, stannic chloride, calcium chloride, barium chloride and aluminum chloride. The second subgroup of the stabilizer consists of fiuoroboric acid and its salt of sodium, potassium and ammonium. The third subgroup consists of a first division consisting of alkyl sulfonic acid and its salts which consist of octyl sulfonic acid, decyl sulfonic acid, lauryl sulfonic acid, tetradecyl sulfonic acid, hexadecyl sulfonic acid, octadecyl sulfonic acid and their salts of sodium, potassium, ammonium and triethanolamine; a second division consisting of alkylaryl sulfonic acid and its salt which consists of butyl benzene sulfonic acid, amylbenzene sulfonic acid, hexylbenzene sulfonic acid, heptyl benzene sulfonic acid, octyl benzene sulfonic acid, nonyl benzene sulfonic acid, decyl benzene sulfonic acid, dodecyl benzene sulfonic acid, tetradecyl benzene sulfonic acid, hexadecylbenzene sulfonic acid, octadecyl benzene sulfonic acid, and their salts of sodium, potassium, ammonium and triethanolamine; a third division consisting of aryl sulfonic acid and its salt which consists of benzene sulfonic acid, p-chlorobenzene sulfonic acid, p-methylbenzene sulfonic acid, naphthalene-1.5-disulfonic acid, naphthalene-2.6-disulfonic acid, dinaphthylmethane sulfonic acid and their salts of sodium, potassium, amomnium and triethanol amine; a fourth division consisting of alkyl sulfuric acid and its salt which consists of octyl sulfuric acid, decyl sulfuric acid, lauryl sulfuric acid, tetradecyl sulfuric acid, hexadecyl sulfuric acid, octadecyl sulfuric acid and their salts of sodium, potassium, ammonium and triethanol amine; and a fifth division consisting of polyalkyleneoxide sulfuric acid and its salt which consists of polyethyleneglycol sulfuric acid, polyethyleneglycol nonylphenyl ether sulfuric acid, polypropyleneglycol-polyethyleneglycol sulfuric acid and their salts of sodium, potassium, ammonium and triethanolamine. The fourth subgroup of the stabilizer consists of Z-methylamino-S-sulfo benzoic acid, N-methyltaurine and sarcosine. The fifth subgroup of the stabilizer consists of fi-naphthylthiophenol and p-tertiary butyl thiophenol.
The diazotization process is carried out in a medium of highly concentrated hydrochloric acid to obtain at a high yield rate chromogen-containing-diazonium chloride which becomes the chromogen portion of the final product. The stabilized diazonium salt is taken out after stabilizing the diazonium salt by adding a stabilizer such as ZnCl to the clear highly concentrated hydrochloric acid solution obtained by centrifugal separating.
Then, the polymerization process is carried out under relatively mild pH conditions (low concentration of hydrochloric acid in the medium). The chromogen-bondedpolymer obtained at the high yield rate by the above process has a desirably increased ratio of chromogen portion to polymer portion therein.
A further object of the invention is to provide a process for making a coloring agent employing the chromogenbonded-polymer obtained in accordance with the preceding objects.
Another object is to provide a process for coloring articles with the coloring agent obtained in accordance with the immediately preceding object.
The processes for making a coloring agent utilizing a metal phthalocyanine type chromogen-bonded-polymer made in accordance with the invention and for coloring articles with such coloring agent are set forth in the hereinbelow pertinent examples.
The following are structural formulae of isomers of triamino-metal-phthalocyanine.
ISOMERS OF TRIAMINO-METAL- PHTHALOCYANINE 4.324"-triamino-m-plrthalcyanine blue The following are examples of triamino metal phthalocyanines suitable for use according to the invention.
a molar ratio 3 to l: triamino non-substituted copper phthalocyanine, triamino chlorinated copper phthalocya- 22 nine, triamino brominated copper phthalocyanine, triamino sulfonated copper phthalocyanine, triamino sulfonated copper phthalocyanine, triamino sulfonated brominated copper phthalocyanine and the like.
(2) Triamino copper phthalocyanine group obtained by reducing the trinitro copper phthalocyanine group prepared by using 4-nitro phthalimide, 3-nitro phthalimide and phthalimide at a molar ratio 2:1:1: triamino nonsubstituted copper phthalocyanine, triamino chlorinated copper phthalocyanine, triamino brominated copper phthalocyanine, triamino sulfonated copper phthalocyanine, triamino sulfonated chlorinated copper phthalocyanine, triamino sulfonated brominated copper phthalocyanine, and the like.
(3) Triamino copper phthalocyanine group obtained by reducing the trinitro copper phthalocyanine group prepared by using 4-nitro phthalimide, 3-nitro phthalimide and phthalimide at a molar ratio 1:2:1: triamino nonsubstituted copper phthalocyanine, triamino chlorinated copper phthalocyanine, triamino brominated copper phthalocyanine, triamino sulfonated copper phthalocyanine, triamino sulfonated chlorinated copper phthalocyanine, triamino sulfonated brominated copper phthalocyanine, and the like.
(4) Triamino copper phthalocyanine group obtained by reducing the trinitro copper phthalocyanine group prepared by using 3-nitro phthalimide and phthalimide at a molar ratio 3 to l: triamino non-substituted copper phthalocyanine, triamino chlorinated copper phthalocyanine, triamino brominated copper phthalocyanine, triamino sulfonated copper phthalocyanine, triamino sulfonated chlorinated copper phthalocyanine, triamino sulfonated brominated copper phthalocyanine, and the like.
(5) Triamino copper phthalocyanine group prepared by introducing into copper phthalocyanine amino radicals by post amination: triamino non-substituted copper phthalocyanine, triamino chlorinated copper phthalocyanine, triamino chlorinated copper phthalocyanine, triamino brominated copper phthalocyanine, triamino sulfonated chlorinated copper phthalocyanine, triamino sulfonated brominated copper phthalocyanine, and the like.
(II) Triamino cobalt phthalocyanine group (1) Triamino cobalt phthalocyanine group obtained by reducing the trinitro cobalt phthalocyanine group pre pared by using 4-nitro phthalimide and phthalimide at a molar ratio 3 to 1: triamino non-substituted cobalt phthalocyanine, triamino chlorinated cobalt phthalocyanine, triamino brominated cobalt phthalocyanine, triamino sulfonated cobalt phthalocyanine, triamino sulfonated chlorinated cobalt phthalocyanine, triamino sulfonated brominated cobalt phthalocyanine and the like.
(2) Triamino cobalt phthalocyanine group obtained by reducing the trinitro cobalt phthalocyanine group prepared by using 4-nitro phthalimide, 3-nitro phthalimide and phthalimide at a molar ratio 2:1:1: triamino non-substituted cobalt phthalocyanine, triamino chlorinated cobalt phthalocyanine, triamino brominated cobalt phthalocyanine, triamino sulfonated cobalt phthalocyanine, triamino sulfonated chlorinated cobalt phthalocyanine, triamino sulfonated brominated cobalt phthalocyanine, and the like.
(3) Triamino cobalt phthalocyanine group obtained by reducing the trinitro cobalt phthalocyanine group prepared by using 4-nitro phthalimide, 3-nitro phthalimide and phthalimide at a molar ratio 1:221: triamino non-substituted cobalt phthalocyanine, triamino chlorinated cobalt phthalocyanine, triamino brominated cobalt phthalocyanine, triamino sulfonated cobalt phthalocyanine, triamino sulfonated chlorinated cobalt phthalocyanine, triamino sulfonated brominated cobalt phthalocyanine, and the like.
(4) Triamino cobalt phthalocyanine group obtained by reducing the trinitro cobalt phthalocyanine group prepared by using 3-nitro phthalimide and phthalimide at a molar 23 ratio of 3 to l: triamino non-substituted cobalt phthaloeyanine, triamino chlorinated cobalt phthalocyanine, triamino brominated cobalt phthalocyanine, triamino sulfonated cobalt phthalocyanine, triamino sulfonated chlori ated cobalt phthalocyanine, triamino sulfonated brominated cobalt phthalocyanine, and the like.
(5) Triamino cobalt phthalocyanine group obtained by introducing into cobalt phthalocyanine, amino radicals by post amination: triamino non-substituted cobalt phthalocyanine, triamino chlorinated cobalt phthalocyanine, triamino brominated cobalt phthalocyanine, triamino sulfonated cobalt phthalocyanine, triamino sulfonated chlorinated cobalt phthalocyanine, triamino sulfonated brominated cobalt phthalocyanine, and the like.
(Ill) Triamino nickel phthalocyanine group (1) Triamino nickel phthalocyanine group obtained by reducing the trinitro nickel phthalocyanine group prepared by using 4-nitro phthalimide and phthalimide at a molar ratio 3 to 1: triamino non-substituted nickel phthalocyanine, triamino chlorinated nickel phthalocyanine, triamino brominated nickel phthalocyanine, triamino sulfonated nickel phthalocyanine, triamino sulfonated chlorinated nickel phthalocyanine, triamino sulfonated brominated nickel phthalocyanine, and the like.
(2) Triamino nickel phthalocyanine group obtained by reducing the trinitro nickel phthalocyanine group prepared by using 4-nitro phthalimide, 3-nitro phthalimide and phthalimide at a molar ratio 2:121: triamino-non-substituted nickel phthalocyanine, triamino chlorinated nickel phthalocyanine, triamino brominated nickel phthalocyanine, triamino sulfonated nickel phthalocyanine, triamino sulfonated chlorinated nickel phthalocyanine, triamino sul fonated brominated nickel phthalocyanine, and the like' (3) Triamino nickel phthalocyanine group obtained by reducing the trinitro nickel phthalocyanine group prepared by using 4-nitro phthalimide, 3-nitro phthalimide and phthalimide at a molar ratio 1:2: 1: triamino non-substituted nickel phthalocyanine, triamino chlorinated nickel phthalocyanine, triamino brominated nickel phthalocyanine, triamino sulfonated nickel phthalocyanine, triamino sulfonated chlorinated nickel phthalocyanine, triamino sulfonated brominated nickel phthalocyanine, and the like.
(4) Triamino nickel phthalocyanine group obtained by reducing the trinitro nickel phthalocyanine group prepared by using 3-nitro phthalimide and phthalimide at a molar ratio 3 to l: triamino non-substituted nickel phthalocyanine, triamino chlorinated nickel phthalocyanine, triamino brominated nickel phthalocyanine, triamino sulfonated nickel phthalocyanine, triamino sulfonated chlorinated nickel phthalocyanine, triamino sulfonated brominated nickel phthalocyanine, and the like.
(5) Triamino nickel phthalocyanine group prepared by introducing into nickel phthalocyanine amino radicals by post amination: triamino non-substituted nickel phthalocyanine, triamino chlorinated nickel phthalocyanine, triamino brominated nickel phthalocyannie, triamino sulfonated nickel phthalocyanine, triamino s ulfonated chlorinated nickel phthalocyanine, triamino sulfonated brominated nickel phthalocyanine, and the like.
Furthermore, in the process for preparing triamino metal phthalocyanine for use according to the invention, instead of the above-illustrated 4-nitro phthalimide and 3-nitro phthalimide, there are used 4-nitro phthalic acid, 3-nitr0 phthalic acid, and their unseparated compound, 4-nitro phthalic anhydride, 3-nitro phthalic anhydride and their unseparated compound, 4-nitro phthalamide, 3-nitro phthalamide and their unseparated compound, the unseparated compound of 4-nitro phthalimide and 3-nitro phthalimide, 4-nitro phthalonitrile, 3-nitro phthalonitrile and their unseparated compound, and mono-, diand trihalogenated derivatives of above-listed nitro compounds and their sulfonated derivatives also, instead of the aboveate, dioctylmaleate, dioctylfumarate,
24 illustrated phthalimide, there are used phthalic acid, phthalic anhydride, phthalamide, phthalonitrile and their mono-, di-, triand tetra-halogenated derivatives and their sulfonated derivatives.
In addition, in the process of the post-halogenation or post-sulfonation for preparing triamino metal phthalocyanine, there may be also employed triamino-, triacylamino-, tritosylaminoor trinitro metal phthalocyanine. In the case of using triacylamino and tritosylamino derivatives they are further converted to triamino derivatives by hydrolysis and in the case of using trinitro derivatives they are further converted to triamino derivatives by reduction.
Monomers that are addition-polymerizable and that can be used in the process of the invention are, for example, vinyl formate, vinyl acetate, vinyl chloroacetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl stearate, vinyl oleate, vinyl benzoate, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, methyl vinyl ketone, styrene, methyl styrene, chlorostyrene, vinylphenol, nitrostyrene, aminostyrene, acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, itaconic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, monomethylitaconate, monoethylitaconate, monobutylitaconate, monohexylitaconate, monomethylmaleate, monoethylmaleate, monobutylmaleate, monomethylfumarate, monoethylfumarate, monobutylfumarate, itaconic anhydride, maleic anhydride, methylacrylate, methylmethacrylate, methylcrotonate, dimethylitaconate, dimethylmaleate, dimethylfumarate, ethylacrylate, ethyl methacrylate, ethylcrotonate, diethylitaconate, diethylmaleate, diethylfumarate, propyl acrylate, propyl methacrylate, dipropylitaconate, butylacrylate, butylmethacrylate, butylcrotonate, dibutylitaconate, dibutylmaleate, dibutylfumarate, amylacrylate, amylmethacrylate, diamylitaconate, hexylacrylate, hexylmethacrylate, hexylitaconate, octylacrylate, octylmethacrylate, octylcrotonate, dioctylitaconlaurylacrylate, laurylmethacrylate, laurylcrotonate, dilaurylitaconate, stearylacrylate, stearylmethacrylate, distearylitaconate, ethoxyethyl methacrylate, methyl a-chloroacrylate, ethyl a-chloroacrylate, ethyleneglycolmonoacrylate, ethyleneglycolrnonomethacrylate, ethyleneglycolmonocrotonate, ethyleneglycolmonoitaconate, ethyleneglycoldiacrylate, ethyleneglycoldimethacrylate, ethyleneglycoldiitaconate, p0lyethyleneglycolmonoacrylate, polyethyleneglycolmonomethacrylate, polyethyleneglycolmonoitaconate, polyethyleneglycoldiacrylate, polyethyleneglycoldimethacrylate, propyleneglycolmonoacrylate, propyleneglycolmonomethacrylate, propyleneglycolmonoitaconate, propyleneglycoldiacrylate, propyleneglycoldimethacrylate, polypropyleneglycolmonoacrylate, polypropyleneglycolmonomethacrylate, polypropyleneglycoldiacrylate, polypropyleneglycoldimethacrylate, propanediolmonoacrylate, propanediolmonomethacrylate, propanedioldiacrylate, propanedioldimethacrylate, butanediolmonoacrylate, butanediolmonomethacrylate, butanedioldiacrylate, butanedioldimethacrylate, glycidylacrylate, glycidylmethacrylate, glycidylcrotonate, glycidylmonoitaconate, glycidylmonomaleate, glycidylmonofumarate, diglycidylitaconate, B-hydroxy -chloro- -propylaerylate, fl-hydroxy-y-chloro-npropylmethacrylate, mono-fl-hydroxyy-chloro-v;-propylitaconate, di-B-hydroxy-' -chloro- -propyl itaconate, allylacrylate, allylmethacrylate, N,N-dimethylaminoethyl acrylate, N,N-dimethylaminoethylmethacrylate, acrylic chloride, methacrylic chloride, crotonic chloride, itaconic chloride, acrolein, methacrolein, crotonic aldehyde, itaconic aldehyde, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, crotonic nitrile, itaconic nitrile, acrylamide, N-methylacrylamide,
methacrylamide, N-methylmethacrylamide, crotonicamide, itaconicdiamide itaconicmonoestermonoamide, itaconicmonoacidmonoamide, maleicamide, fumaricamide, N-butylmethylolcrotonicamide. N-butylmethylol- N methylolcrotonicamide, N methylolitaconicamide, N,N-dimethylolitaconicamide, N-methylolmaleicamide, N-methyloltumaricaniide, N-rnethylmethylolacrylamide,
N methylmethylolmethacrylamide, N methylmethylolcrotonicamide, N-methylmethylolitaconicamide, N,N'-dimethyhnethylolitaconicdiamide, N-methylmethylolmaleicamide, N-methylmethylolfumaricamide, N-ethylmethylolacrylamide, N-ethylmethylolmethacrylamide, N,N-diethylmethylolitaconicdiamide, N ethylmethylolitaconicmonoamide, N propylmethylolacrylamide, N propylmethylolmethacrylamide, N-propylmethylolitaconicamide, N butylmethylolacrylamide, N-butylmethylolmethacrylamide, N-butylmethylolcrotonicamide, N-butylmethylolitaconicmonoamide, N,N'-dibutylmethylolitaconicdiamide, N butylmethylolmaleicamide, N-butylmethylolfumaricamide, N sulfomethylacrylamide, N sulfomethylmethacrylamide, N-sulfomethylcrotonicamide, N-sulfomethylitaconicmonoamide, N,N'-disulfomethylitaconicdiamide, N-sulfomethylmaleicamide, N-sulfomethylfumaricamide, N,N' methylenebisacrylamide, N,N'-methylenebismethacrylamide, acrylicazide, methacrylicazide, crotonicazide, itaconicazide, acrylicethyleneimide, methacrylicethyleneimide, crotonicethyleneimide, itaconicethyleneimide, N- sulfoethylacrylimide, N-sulfoethylmethacrylimide, N-sulfoethylcrotonicimide, N-sulfoethylitaconicimide, N-carboxyethyleneacrylimide, N carboxyethylenemethacrylimide, N-carboxyethylenecrotonicimide, N-carboxyethyleneitaconicimide, vinylisocyanate, propenylisocyanate, vinylurea, propenylurea, vinylphenylurethane, propenylphenylurethane, vinylethyleneurea, propenylethyleneurea, 4-chloro-6-amino-2-vinyl-S-triazine, 4,6-diamino-2-vinyl-S- triazine 4.6 dichloro-2-vinyl-s-triazine, 4.6-diethyleneimino-Z-vinyl-s-triazine, N-rnethylolvinylurea, N,N-dimethylolvinylurea, N-methylolpropenylurea, N,N-dimethylolpropenylurea, N,N-dimethylol-4.6-diamino-2-vinyl-striazine, N.N.N'.N' tetramethylol-4.6-diamino-2-vinyl-striazine, N-methylmethylolvinylurea, N.N-dimethylmethylolvinylurea, N-methylmethylolpropenylurea, N.N-dimethylmethylolpropenylurea. N.N-dimethylmethylol-4,6- diamino Z-vinyl-s-triazine, N.N.N.N'-tetramethylmethylol-4.6-diamino-2-vinyl-s-triazine, N-ethylmethylolvinylurea, N.N-diethylmethylolvinylurea, N-ethylmethylolpropenylurea, N.N-diethylmethylolpropenylurea, N.N'-diethylmethy1ol-4,6-diamino-2-vinyl-s-triazine, N.N.N.N- tetraethylmethylol 4.6 diamino 2-vinyl-s-triazine, N- propylmethylolvinylurea, N.N' dipropylmethylol-4.6-diamino-2-viny1-s-triazine, N-butylmethylolvinylurea, N.N- dibutylmethylolvinylurea, N-butylmethylolpropenylurea, N.N-dibutylmethylolpropenylurea, N.N-dibutylmethylol- 4.6-diamino-2-vinyl-s-triazine, N.N.N.N-tetrabutylmethylol 4.6-diamino-2-vinyl-s-triazine, N-sulfomethyl vinyl urea, N.N-disulfomethyl vinyl urea, N-sulfomethylpropenyl urea, N.N-disulfomethyl propenyl urea, N.N- disulfomethyl-4.6-diamino-2-vinyl-s-triazine, N.N.N'.N'- tetrasulfomethyl 4.6-diamino-Z-vinyl-s-triazine, N-sulfoethylvinylurea, N-sulfoethylpropenylurea, N.N-disulfoethyl 4.6-diimino-2-viny1-s-triazine, N-carboxyethylenevinylurea, N-carboxyethylenepropenylurea, N.N'-dicarboXyethy1ene-4.6-diimino-2-vinyl-s-triazine, allylacetate, allylmethylether, allylbutylether, allylglycidylether, allylp3 -hydroxy-'y-choro -propylether, butadiene, isoprene, chloroprene, vinyldimethylamine, vinyldiethylamine, vinylcarbazole, N-vinylsuccinimide, N-vinylphthalimide, N- vinylcaprolactum, N-vinylpyrrolidone, 2-vinyl-5-methylpyridine, vinylsulfonicacid and the like.
Polymerization can be carried out by mixing one or more types of monomers without any regard to ratio of the types of respective monomers. The properties of the polymer portion in the chromogen-bonded-polymer are derived from those of the mixed monomers of various types, i.e., active-reactive, weak reactive or non-reactive, or water or oil dispersibility, depending upon the ratios of the types of respective monomers. Such polymerization can he carried out by any of the known methods of addition-polymerization such sas solution-, block-, emulsionand suspension-polymerization.
The aforementioned addition-polymerizable monomers 26 may be largely divided into three groups according to the reactivity of the radical of the aforesaid monomers, viz:
(1) Active-reactive monomer group (2) Weak-reactive monomer group (3) Non-reactive monomer group (1) The active-reactive monomer group is the group in which each of the addition-polymerizable monomers has at least one active-reactive radical in its structure and, after polymerization, reaction, can introduce into the chromogen-bonded-polymer radicals capable of linking with themselves and other radicals of a cross-linking agent, precondensate of thermosetting resin, reactive high polymer or reactive latex.
The following tabulation is a list of some examples of suitable active-reactive radicals:
Names of radicals Structure Methylol OHZOH Alkylmethylol CH9OR (R: -CH3, CzH5, O;H7,
C4H9, 8120.). Sulfomcthyl CH2S 03H Epoxy -CHCH2 Chlorohydrin -(l]H-CHz Ethyleneimide CH2 N-sulloethylenein1ide CONHOHzCHzSOfl-I Ethyleueurea C H 2 NHCON\i N-sulfoethyleue urea.-. nrnoorrnomomsom Acid chloride -C 0 Cl Chlorotriazine 01 NH 2 Acid azide Phenylurethane NH 0 o oand the like.
(2) The weak-reactive monomer group is one in which each addition-polymerizable monomer therein has at least one Weak-reactive radical in its structure and, after polymerization reaction, can introduce into the chromogenbonded-polymer radicals incapable of linking with themselves under ordinary cross-linking conditions but capable of linking with active-reactive radicals derived from other comonomers or of linking with active-reactive radicals of a crosslinking agent, precondensate of thermosetting resin and the like, and also can introduce the active-reactive radicals into the chromogen-bonded-polymer, after polymerization, by reacting with a material having at least two active-reactive radicals in its structure such as formaldehyde, glyoxal, epichlorohydrin, dichlorohydrin, cyanuric chloride, dimethylolurea, tetramethylolmelamine, hexamethylolmelamine, or precondensates of ordinary thermosetting resins and the like.
The following tabulation is a list of some examples of suitable weak-reactive radicals:
Names of radicals Structure Ilydroxyl OH Mercapto -S 11 Amino -NH2 Imino -N1I Carboxyl -CO 011 -CONHCONH Urethane O C ONH (Nitrilc CN) and the like.
Names of radicals Structure Alkyl ester -OCOR, COOR wherein (R: is C H wherein n is an integer of numbers 1 to 18). Aryl ester COAr, -COOAr (Ar: c 11 C 11 roHv).
Alieyelie Aryl and the like.
According to the classification described hereinabove, the addition-polymerizable monomers which are used in this invention are divided into groups, as follows:
(1) Active-reactive monomer group (a) Active-reactive and water soluble or dispersible monomer group:
N-methylol acrylamide, N-methylol methacrylamide, N-methylol crontonic amide, N-methylol itaconic amide, N.N'-dimethylol itaconic amide, N-methylol maleic amide, N-methylol fumaric amide, N-methylol vinyl urea, N.N-dimethylol vinyl urea, N.N-dimethylol-3.S-diamino- 1 vinyl s triazine, N-methylmethylol acrylamide, N- methylmethylolmethacrylamide, N- methylmethylolcrotonic amide, N-methylmethylol itaconic amide, N.N-dimethylmethylol itaconic amide, N-methyl methylol maleic amide, N methylmethylol fumaric amide, N methylmethylol vinyl urea, N.N-dimethylmethylol vinyl urea, N.N' dimethylmethylol 4.6-diamino-2-vinyl-s-triazine, N-ethylmethylol acrylamide, N-ethylmethylol methacrylamide, N-ethylmethylolcrotonic amide, N-ethylmethylol itaconic amide, N-ethylmethylolvinylurea, N.N-diethylmethylol-4.6-diamino-2-vinyl-s-triazine, (and the like), N- propylmethylol acrylamide, N-propylmethylol methacrylamide, N-propylmethylol itaconic amide, N-propylmethylol methacrylamide, N-propylmethylol itaconic amide, N-propylmethylol vinyl urea, N.N'-dipropylmethylol-4.6-diamino-2-vinyl-s-triazine (and the like,) N- sulfomethylacrylamide, N sulfomethylmethacrylamide, N-sulfomethyl crotonic amide, N- sulfomethyl itaconic amide, N-sulfomethylmaleicamide, N-sulfomethylfumaric amide, N-sulfomethyl vinyl urea, N.N-disulfomethyl-4.6- diamino-2-vinyl-s-triazine, acrylic azide, methacrylic azide, N sulfoethylacrylimide, N sulfoethylmethacrylimide, N carboxyethylacrylimide, N carboxyethylmethacrylimide (and the like,) acrolein (and the like).
(b) Aetive-reactive oil-soluble or -dispersible monomer group:
Acrylic chloride, methacrylic chloride, crotonic chloride, itaconic chloride, itaconic anhydride, maleic anhydride, acrylethyleneimide, methacrylethyleneimide, erotonic ethyleneimide, itaconic ethyleneimide, N-butylmethylolacrylamide, N butylmethylolmethacrylamide, N-butylmethylol, vinyl urea, N.N'-dibutylmethyl0l-4.6-diamino-2-vinyl-s-triazinc, glycidyl acrylate, glycidyl methacrylate, glycidyl crotonate, glycidyl itaconate, B-hydroxy- 'y chloro-n-propylacrylate, fl-hydroxy-v-chloro-mpropylmethacrylate, ,8 hydroxy 'y chloro n propyl itaconate, ethyleneglycoldiacrylate, ethyleneglycoldimethacrylate, ethyleneglycoldiitaconatediacid, allylglycidylether, allyl fi-hydroxy-v-chloro-n-propyl ether, vinyl isocyanate, propenyl isocyanate, vinyl phenylurethane, propenyl phenyl urethane, vinyl ethyleneurea, propenyl ethyleneurea, 4,6 dichloro-Z-vinyl-s-triazine, 4-chloro-6- amino 2 vinyl-s-triazine, 4.6-diethyleneimino-Z-vinyl-striazine, N.N'-rnethylenebis-acrylamide, N.N'-methylenebismethacrylamide, methacrolein, crotonic aldehyde, itaconic aldehyde, allyl acrylate, allyl methacrylate, ethyleneglycoldiacrylate, ethyleneglycoldimethacrylate, ethyleneglycoldiitaconate, polyethyleneglycoldiacrylate, polyethyleneglycoldimethacrylate, propandioldiacrylate *propanediol dimethacrylate, polypropyleneglycoldiacrylate, polypropyleneglycol dimethacrylate, butanediol diacrylate, butanediol dimethacrylate (and the like).
(2) Weak-reactive monomer group (a) Weak-reactive and water-soluble or -dispersible monomer group:
Acrylic acid, methacrylic acid, crotonic acid, itaconic acid, maleic acid, fumaric acid, acrylamide, methacrylamide, crotonic amide, itaconic diamide, itaconic monoamide, maleic diamide, maleic monoamide, furnaric amide, ethyleneglycol monoacrylate, ethyleneglycolmonomethacrylate, polyethyleneglycol monoacrylate, polyethyleneglycolmonomethacrylate, polyethyleneglycolmonoitaconatemonoamide, polyethyleneglycolmonofumarate monoamide, N-vinyl urea and the like.
(1)) Weak-reactive and oil-soluble or -dispersible monomer group:
Monomethylitaconate, monomethylmaleate, monoethylitaconate, monobutylitaconate, propanediolmonoacrylate, propanediolmonomethaerylate, propanediolmonoitaconate, propanediolmonomaleate, polypropyleneglycolmonoacrylate, polypropyleneglycolmonomethacrylate, butanediolmonoacrylate, butanediolmonomethacrylate, butanediolmonoitaconate, acrylonitrile, methacrylonitrile, crotonicnitrile, itaconic nitrile and the like.
(3) Non-reactive monomer group (a) Non-reactive and water-soluble or -dispersible monomer group:
N-vinyl pyrrolidone, 2-vinyl-5-methyl pyridine.
(b) Non-reactive and oil-soluble or -dispersible monomer group:
Methylacrylate, methylmethacrylate, methylcrotonate, dimethylitaconate, dimethylmaleate, methylfumarate, ethylacrylate, ethylmethacrylate, ethylcrotonate, diethylitaconate, ethylmaleate, ethylfumarate, propylacrylate, propylmethacrylate, propylitaconate, butylmaleate, butylfumarate, hexylacrylate, hexylmethacrylate, hexylitaconate, octylacrylate, octylmethacrylate, octylcrotonate, octylitaconate, octylrnaleate, octylfumarate, laurylacrylate, laurylmcthacrylate, laurylitaconate, stearylacrylate, stearylmethacrylate, stearylitaconate, ethoxyethylmethacrylate, vinyl acetate, vinyl propionate, vinyl stearate, styrene, vinyl toluene, vinyl chloride, vinylidene chloride, methyl vinyl ketone, N-vinyl-e-caprolactum, N-vinylphthalimide, butadiene, isoprene and chloroprene.
If the polymer contains the aforementioned reactive radicals, which are in themselves solubilizable or dispersradicals. For a hydrophobic radical solubilizable or dispersible in oil there is properly selected at least one nonpolar group from aliphatic hydrocarbon radicals and esters, ether, carboamide, sulfoamide, urea and urethane condensates thereof according to the use desired of the aforesaid coloring matter.
Processes in accordance with the invention for making a chromogen-bonded-polymer having a hydrophilic or hydrophobic radical may include the following:
and pyridine (1) Introduction of water-solubilizable or dispersible radicals.
(A) Introduction of anionic hydrophilic radicals. (a) A carboxyl radical is introduced by using chloroacet-ic acid. (b) A sulfo radical is introduced by using sodium bisulfite. (c) A sulfonyl radical is introduced by using sulfamic acid. (B) Introduction of nonionic hydrophilic radicals.
( t) A polyether type radical is introduced by using ethylene oxide. (b) A polyalcohol type radical is introduced by using glycerine or glycidol. (C) Introduction of cationic hydrophilic radicals. (a) An amino or imino radical is introduced by using a lower amine. (b) A pyridinium radical is introduced by using pyridine hydrochloride. (c) An imino radical is introduced by using ethylene imine. (2) Introduction of oil-solubilizable or dispersible radicals.
By using a reactive compound having such hydrophobic hydrocarbon radical as, for exacple, a higher aliphatic, or aromatic-amine, -alcohol, -carboamide, -methylol carboamide, -isocyanate, -urea, -urethane or ethylene urea or a phenolic derivative, the aforesaid hydrocarbon radical is introduced.
The introduction of the solubilizing or dispersing radical into the chromogen-bonded-polymer enables it to be used in many different ways depending upon the nature of the radical introduced thereinto.
The chromogen-bonded-polyrner of the present invention can be utilized for different uses depending on the kind of the solubilizable or dispersible radical contained therein, i.e., the chromogen-bonded-polymer into which there is introduced a hydrophilic radical can be extensively utilized as a material similar to a dye in such conventional uses of dyes as dyeing fibrous materials. The polymer into which there is introduced a hydrophobic radical can also be extensively utilized, as a coloring material for paints and printing inks in the conventional uses of pigments.
This is because the chromogen-bonded-polymer of the invention, having in its structure radicals solubilizable or dispersible respectively in water, organic solvents, plasticizers or/and other vehicles, can be easily dissolved or finely dispersed in such vehicles by merely being mixed and stirred therein. In case of the chromogen bondedpolymer having reactive radicals in its structure, when an after-treatment such as heating, addition of a catalyst or a heavy metal or variation of pH is then carried out, the reactive (functional) radicals of the chromogen-bondedpolymer will be made to react with each other or with the vehicle so that the polymer may be crosslinked to be of a higher molecular weight. Thus, its resulting solubilizability or dispersibility will be so negligible as compared with the molecular weight of the crosslinked polymer that it will be able to be made insoluble.
In the case of using the chromogen-bonded-polymer coloring agent provided by this invention for ball-point ink, stamp pad ink, cosmetics and soap, such agent will be stable during long periods of storage and the solubility thereof will retain its excellent properties if the chromogen-bonded-polymer has weak-reactive and/or non-reactive radicals, particularly if it only has non-reactive radicals.
Useful chromogen-bonded-polymers are produced by utilizing the properties of solubilizable radicals of addition-polymerizable monomers. For example, a coloring agent for ball-point pen ink is required to be characterized by extensive solubility and the property of not bleeding in fatty oils.
Thus, for example, if the polymer portion of the ballpoint pen ink is one which becomes polymethyl methacrylate in the inventive process as when methylmethacrylate is used as the addition-polymerizable monomer, the chromogen-bonded-polymer which results will be soluble in esters, ketones, benzyl alcohol, etc., and will not bleed in fatty oils.
Such properties are not possessed by any known oilsoluble dyes.
As for a coloring agent for the inner coloring of synthetic resins and synthetic fibers, if an addition-polymerizable monomer is selected which results in a polymer having properties which are similar to the properties of the resin or fiber in its material nature or which has affinity therewith, their physical and chemical properties coincide to some extent. In such situation if it is desirable to color such polymer the material to be colored thereby will not be destroyed or harmed.
For example, if a chromogen-bonded-polymer is selected in which the polymer portion is polyacrylonitr'ile, for the dope dyeing of polyacrylonitrile, a resulting colored yarn will be obtained without changing the conditions for the spinning thereof.
The effects of coloring articles and materials with the chromogen-bonded-polymer having solubilizing or dispersing radicals as comparead with those of conventional dyes and pigments is explained as follows.
The chrornogen-bonded-polymers which have radicals solubilizable or dispersible in oil, for example, have such high dispersibility in solvents and varnishes that when they are utilized as a paint or ink, for example, they will be transparent, high in concentration and have good spreadability. If the chromogen-bonded-polymers also have the aforesaid reactive radicals, the latter will cross link to each other or to a functional radical of an article being coated with the chromogen-bonded-polymer upon an after-treatment of the coated article. If the chromogenbonded-polymer is used to color the interiors of synthetic resins and synthetic fibers and a dispersible radical high in compatibility with the resins and/or fibers is present in the chromogen-bonded-polymer, the latter chromogenbonded-polymer will be high in dispersibility and tinting strength, will cause no migration and will not deleteriously reduce the normal physical and electrical characteristics of such resins and fibers.
In coloring with conventional water-soluble coloring material such as known reactive dyes, the chromogens in these dyes are generally chosen to have a functional radical which is believed to covalently bond with a functional radical of the material, such as a fibrous substance, to be bonded to color the material. In this situation, a reactive dye which has been hydrolyzed with the water medium or a reactive dye which has lost its functional radicals through reaction with a sizing material, for example, will no longer be able to react with the material to be colored thereby to reduce fastness of color. Furthermore, conventional dyes having a radical such as a sulfo or carboxyl radical in its chromogen, if not sufficiently applied to fabric materials, for example, will again dissolve or disperse in water when the dyed materials are washed and W111 stain white and light colored portions of the material. Even where sufiicient dye has been applied, variations in pH or other conditions may result in a varying of the hue.
By contrast, when the chromogen-bonded-polymer produced in accordance with the invention has present theren reactive radicals and a radical solubilizable or dispersrble in water and such chromogen-bonded-polymer is caused to permeate materials such as fibrous materials in a state having atfinity with water and then the reactive radicals are caused to cross link with each other or to react with the functional radical or radicals of the materials in an after-treatment of the materials coated with the chromogen-bonded-polymer such as by heating or pH variation, the chromogen-bonded-polymer will readily be crosslinked to a higher polymer. The resulting higher polymer is necessarily so insoluble and stable within the coated materials that, even if the materials are washed with hot water, acid or alkali, the color on the material remains fast. Thus it has been found that the crosslinked chromogen-bonded-polymer produced by the after-treatment is so high in its fixing ratio, abrasion resistance and other characteristics of fastness that not only cotton, and other cellulose fibers such as viscose rayon and acetate rayon fibers but also wool and such synthetic fibers as polyester, polyamide, polyacrylonitrile and polyvinyl formal fibers can be uniformly dyed with it.
Where solutions for producing fibers, papers and nonwoven fabrics are colored with a conventional coloring material, dye, etc., the coloring material will act as an impurity and will deleteriously affect physical properties of the colored objects by reducing, for example, their tensile strength and tearing, bending and abrasion resistance. By contrast, the chromogen-bonded-polymer of the invention enhances such properties.
In addition, it has been found that when materials and articles such as papers, textiles, leathers, wooden articles, hard boards, concrete walls, metal plates, glass plates and the like are colored with the chromogen-bonded-polymer of the invention while simultaneously being resin treated, they are advantageously endowed with the desirable property of proof against stain and water, fire and moth damage.
The following examples will serve to illustrate the invention. However, it is to be understood that it is not intended to limit the scope of the invention thereto. The word parts appearing in the examples is intended to signify parts by weight.
EXAMPLE 1 40 parts of 4.4.4"-triamino copper phthalocyanine blue hydrochloride paste (the converted weight as a dried solid), which was produced by condensing 4-nitrophthal imide and phthalimide (molar ratio 3 to 1) using cuprous chloride and reducing the nitro radicals of the condensate to amino radicals with stannous chloride, was thoroughly mixed with 200 parts of 35% hydrochloric acid aqueous solution, and the resulting mixture was then made up to 1,300 parts by adding water and ice. This aqueous mixture was maintained by adding thereto 12 parts of sodium nitrite. After decomposing excess nitrous acid with sul- 32 famic acid using potassium iodide starch paper, an aqueous solution of diazotized triamino copper phthalocyanine blue was obtained. Thereafter, to this diazotized solution, 27 parts of zinc chloride were added to make copper phthalocyanine blue-tri-stabilized diazonium salt. The copper phthalocyanin-tri-stabilized diazonium salt was precipitated by salting out and filtered to obtain its paste.
Then, the stabilized diazonium salt paste was dissoled in water and made up to 1,500 parts by the adding of water thereto.
To this aqueous solution, there were added parts of acrylamide, 30 parts of methyl acrylate and 10 parts of butyl acrylate. When the resulting mixture was kept at room temperature for about 20 minutes and then heated to 65 C. for minutes, addition-polymerization occurred with the evolution of foams. The end point of the polymerization was fixed at a point where foaming ceased, i.e., the stabilized diazonium salt to be used as an initiator was almost decomposed. After polymerization, 4,500 parts of methyl alcohol were added to precipitate the chromogen-bonded-polymer resulting therefrom. The chromogen-bonded-polymer powder was obtained by filtering, washing thereof with 1,000 parts of methyl alcohol and drying in open air.
EXAMPLE 2 A quantity of 5 parts of the blue polymer powder which was synthesized according to the method described in Example 1 was dissolved in 95 parts of water to make a blue aqueous solution. 3 parts of a 37% aqueous solution of formaldehyde were added thereto and methylolation was carried out at 65 C. for 25 minutes under the condition of pH 9 which was regulated by the addition of 5% aqueous sodium carbonate solution.
By adding 300 parts of methyl alcohol, a chromogenbonded-polymer was obtained. This polymer was dried in open air to obtain blue polymer powder. This blue polymer powder was quite soluble in water and a clear blue aqueous solution was obtained therewith.
EXAMPLE 3 A quantity of 3 parts of unmethylolated blue chromogen-bonded-polymer synthesized according to the method described in Example 1 was dissolved in 97 parts of water to make a blue aqueous solution. A quantity of 0.5 part of melamine and 5.4 parts of a 37% aqueous solution of formaldehyde were added to the solution. The pH of the solution was regulated to 7.5 by the addition of 5% aqueous sodium carbonate solution. Clear solution was obtained by then heating at 70 C. for 10 minutes.
After cooling the solution down to 45 C., 0.2 part of sulfamic acid and 2.0 parts of 30% aqueous hydrochloric acid solution were added together to the solution, and then, by lowering the pH of the solution to 4.5, condensation occurred. After about 10 minutes, by taking a drop of reactant solution, the condensation degree was detected by dropping it into a large quantity of cold water and checking the point where a resinous precipitate formed.
Then 0.8 part of 20% aqueous sodium hydroxide solution were added to the solution to make the pH of the reactant about 10, at which point blue chromogen-bondedpolymer solution was obtained. At this state of precipitation, nothing could be detected when one drop of reactant was dropped into a large amount of cool water.
To a blue chromogen-bonded-polymer solution which was synthesized according to the method described in this example, 3 times its volume of methanol was added, whereby blue chromogen-bonded-polymer precipitate was obtained. This polymer precipitate was dissolved in water to dilute it to 5% by weight in aqueous solution.
According to the following composition, emulsionpolymerization was carried out at 55 C. for 1 hour, 65 C. for 4 hours, and 80 C. for 2 hours, with a continuous agitation and heating, and thus colored latex was obtained.
Similar colored latex was also obtained using the blue chromogen-bonded-polymer solution which was synthesized according to Example 2 instead of this example.
This example shows the production of a chromogenbonded-polymer which is both methylolated to be reactive and has introduced thereinto a water solubilizable sulfo radical by the use of sulfamic acid. In addition, it illustrates the production of a colored latex comprising mixing a reactive solubilizable chromogen-bonded-polymer with addition-polymerizable monomers and polymerization initiator, and polymerizing these monomers in aqueous solution of the chromogen-bonded-polymer.
EXAMPLE 4 5 parts of unmethylolated chromogen-bonded-polymer which was synthesized according to the method described in the method of Example 1 were dissolved in 95 parts of water to give a blue chromogen-bonded-polymer aqueous solution. parts of melamine and 43 parts of a 37% aqueous solution of formaldehyde were added to the colored solution. Methylolation reaction was carried out at 70 C. after the pH of the reactant was regulated with 5% aqueous sodium carbonate solution to 7.5. After complete dissolution was achieved by the addition of 50 parts of butanol and 1 part of phosphoric acid, a dehydration reaction was carried out at 90 C. by circulating the butanol and water, which was stripped off and collected from the reactant. After the reaction was completed, by taking 01f the excess butanol under reduced pressure, and by concentrating the reactant to a viscous solution containing 50% of solid content, butyl-methylolmelamine type blue resinous solution was obtained.
EXAMPLE 5 diazonium salt 25 Acrylamide 4 Itaconamide 2 Water 69 Total 100 A polymerization was carried out according to the method described in Example 1. After polymerization, 400 parts of methyl alcohol and 5 parts of sodium chloride were added to the polymeriaztion solution to precipitate the chromogen-bonded-polymer. The precipitate was filtered and dried in an open air to obtain the chromogen-bondedpolymer powder.
Thereafter, 5 parts of the chromogen-bonded-polymer powder were dissolved in parts of water, and 10 parts of 37% aqueous solution of formaldehyde were added thereto. Methylolation reaction was carried out according to the method described in Example 2.
After filtration, 500 parts of methyl alcohol were added to filtrate. The chromogen-bonded-polymer was obtained by filtering, washing with 10 parts of methyl alcohol, and drying in open air.
EXAMPLE 6 Triamino copper phthalocyanine blue, obtained by reducing trinitro copper phthalocyanine blue prepared by using 4-nitro-phthalimide, 3-nitrophthalimide and phthalimide (molar ratio 1:2:1), was diazotized and stabilized using zinc chloride according to the method described in Example 1.
A mixture was then formulated as follows:
Parts A 15% paste containing thus-obtained stabilized diazonium salt 25 N-methylmethylolacrylamide 7 Water 68 Total When this solution was kept for 10 minutes with stirring at room temperature and then at 60 C. for 20 minutes, polymerization occcurred with the continuous foaming at which point the reaction temperature was raised to 65 C. The end point of the polymerization was fixed at a point of where no further foaming occurred.
After filtration, 300 parts of methanol were added to the filtrate to precipitate the chromogen-bonded-polymer. This polymer was dried in open air to obtain polymer powder. The polymer powder was quite soluble in water and a clear aqueous solution was obtained.
EXAMPLE 7 Triamino copper phthalocyanine blue, prepared according to the method described in Example 5, was diazotized in an aqueous hydrochloric acid medium containing a molar concentration of hydrochloric acid and equal to at least 12 times the molar concentration of the amino radicals of the amino compound according to the method described in Example 1 and was stabilized using naphthalene 1.5 disulfonic acid instead of using zinc chloride (as described in Example 1) according to the method described in Example 1.
A mixture was then formulated as follows:
\ Parts A 15% paste containing the above-obtained stabilized diazonium salt 25 Methyl acrylate 1 1 Glycidyl methacrylate 0.5 Acrylamide 6 Polyethyleneglycolalkylether 0. 1 Water 67.4
Total 100.0
The polymerization was carried out according to the method described in Example 1.
After polymerization, 200 parts of methyl alcohol and 5 parts of sodium chloride were added to the solution to precipitate the chromogen-bonded-polymer. After filtration, the chromogen-bonded-polymer was washed in 50 parts of methyl alcohol and dried in open air to obtain the chromogenbonded-polymer powder.
EXAMPLE 8 60 parts of 4.4.4"-triamino copper phthalocyanine blue hydrochloride paste (the converted weight as the dried solid) were thoroughly mixed with 426 parts of 35% hydrochloric acid aqueous solution and the resulting mixture was then made up to 1,800 parts by adding water