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(en)This invention relates to synergistic antimicrobial and biocidal compositions comprising 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and one or more commercial biocides for more effective, and broader control of microorganisms in various industrial systems.
1.ApplicationNumber: US-5473593-A
1.PublishNumber: US-5278178-A
2.Date Publish: 19940111
3.Inventor: HSU; JEMIN C.
4.Inventor Harmonized: HSU JEMIN C(US)
5.Country: US
6.Claims:
(en)This invention relates to synergistic antimicrobial and biocidal compositions comprising 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and one or more commercial biocides for more effective, and broader control of microorganisms in various industrial systems.
7.Description:
(en)CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
This is a divisional of Ser. No. 07/968,794 filed Oct. 30, 1992, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,246,913 which is in turn a divisional of Ser. No. 07/567,201 filed Aug. 14, 1990, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,132,306 which is in turn a divisional of Ser. No. 07/444,571 of Dec. 1, 1989now U.S. Pat. No. 4,990,525 which was in turn a divisional of Ser. No. 07/289,066 of Dec. 22, 1988, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,906,651.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to synergistic biocidal combinations including an isothiazolone and one or more of many commercial biocides for more effective and broader control of micro-organisms in various industrial systems. In particular, the present invention relates to the use of a mixture of 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and (also known as 5-chloro-2-methyl-3-isothiazolone respectively) with one or more of the following 14 compounds: Hexahydro-1,3,5-triethyl-5-triazine; 5-bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane; 2-(hydroxymethyl)aminoethanol; 2-(hydroxymethyl)amino-2-methylpropanol; α-benzoyl-α-chloroformaldoxime; benzylbromoacetate; p-chloro-m-xylenol; bis-(2-hydroxy-5-chlorophenyl)sulfide; p-tolyldiiodomethylsulfone; 3-iodo-2-propynylbutylcarbamate; bis-(2-hydroxy-5-chlorophenyl)methylene; dipropylamine ether; dodecylamine; and 1-(3-chloroallyl)-3,5,7-triaza-1-azoniaadamantane chloride.
2. Prior Art
The isothiazolones are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,761,488; 4,105,431; 4,252,694; 4,265,899 and 4,279,762. An excellent antimicrobial agent is a mixture of 75% 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and 25% 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one which is very effective against bacteria, fungi, and algae. The suggested dosages, sometimes, cannot achieve the best results for the control of microorganisms due to interfering nucleophiles, or due to less sensitive organisms in certain systems. To control the situations like these will need higher concentration of active ingredient which becomes more costly in the treatment. Therefore, the search for more effective and broader control methods to achieve the best results has continued.
Many other broad classes of biocidal agents are known. They are commercially available for the control of microorganisms in certain sections of various industrial systems such as paints, wood, textile, paper, pulp, leather, fur, tobacco, rope, plastics, fuel, oil, cosmetics, rubber, adhesives, latex emulsions, joint cements, water treatment, laundry, and metalworking industries, and the like. In general, high dosage requirements make them disadvantageous because of high treatment cost and interference with the formulation of finished product or the operation of the system. Sometimes many biocides cannot provide satisfactory performances even at high use concentrations due to weak activity against certain bacteria or fungi. Without effective control, loss of product, inferior product, production-time loss, health hazard, and other types of problems may occur in the systems.
It has been discovered that combinations of a mixture of 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one with one or more of the 14 compounds within a specified range of ratios results in synergistic biocidal activities against a wide range of microorganisms. The synergy in which the disruptive interaction on the organisms by the two compounds together is greater than the sum of both compounds taken along does not arise from the expected activity of the components or from the expected improvement in activity. The synergistic combinations provide more effective and broader control of microorganisms in a number of industrial systems.
It is the principal object of this invention to provide the use of synergistic compositions which overcome the disadvantages of the prior art biocidal compositions.
Important applications of the synergistic antimicrobial compositions of the present invention include but are not limited to: inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi in aqueous and organic paints, adhesives, latex emulsions, and joint cements; preserving wood; preserving cutting fluids, controlling slime-producing bacteria and fungi in pulp and papermills and cooling towers; as a spray or dip treatment for textiles and leather to prevent mold growth; protecting paint films, especially exterior paints from attack by fungi which occurs during weathering of the paint film; protecting processing equipment from slime deposits during manufacture of cane and beet sugar; preventing microorganism buildup and deposits in air washer or scrubber systems and in industrial fresh water supply systems; controlling micro-organisms contamination and deposits in oil field drilling fluids and muds, and in secondary petroleum recovery processes; preventing bacterial and fungal growth in paper coating processes; controlling bacterial and fungal growth and deposits during the manufacture of various specialty boards, e.g., cardboard and particle board; preventing sap stain discoloration on freshly cut wood of various kinds; controlling bacterial fungal growth in clay and pigment slurries of various types; as a hard surface disinfectant to prevent growth of bacteria and fungi on walls, floors, etc.; in swimming pools to prevent algae growth; inhibiting the growth of harmful bacteria, yeasts, fungi on plants, trees, fruits, seeds, or soil; protecting animal dip compositions against the buildup of microorganisms, and in photoprocessing to prevent buildup of microorganisms, and the like.
The synergistic compositions of this invention may be added separately to an industrial system or may be formulated as a simple mixture comprising its essential ingredients, or together with a suitable carrier or solvent, or as an aqueous emulsion or dispersion.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A microbicidal compositions comprising a synergistic mixture the first component being a 3:1 ratio of 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (Compound A) and the second component which is one or more of the following compounds (Compound B) wherein the range of ratios of Compound A to Compound B (A:B) is from 8:1 to 1:200 exhibit synergistic biocidal and antimicrobial activity against a wide range of microorganisms. More particularly, the invention relates to the use of a mixture of 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one in combination with one or more of the following 14 compounds: Hexahydro-1,3,5-triethyl-2-triazine; 5-bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane; 2-(hydroxymethyl)amino-ethanol; 2-(hydroxymethyl)amino-2-methylpropanol; α-benzoyl-α-chloroformaldoxime; benzylbromoacetate; p-chloro-m-xylenol; bis-(2-hydroxy-5-chlorophenyl)sulfide; p-tolyldiiodomethylsulfone; 3-iodo-2-propynylbutylcarbamate; bis-(2-hydroxy-5-chlorophenyl)methylene; dipropylamine ether; dodecylamine; and 1-(3-chloroallyl)-3,5,7-triaza-1-azoniaadamantane chloride.
The invention also relates to a method of inhibiting the growth of bacteria, fungi or algae in a locus subject to contamination by bacteria, fungi or algae, which comprises incorporating into or onto the locus in an amount which is effective to adversely affect the growth of bacteria, fungi or algae one or more of the synergistic combinations described above.
The composition of the invention can be formulated as a solution in water. While the amount of the instant composition in the formulated solution can vary over a wide range, the solutions can conveniently be formulated to contain from about 5 to about 100 ppm of the composition in solution, with the preferred range being from about 10 to 50 ppm of the composition. In formulating the solutions, other solvents which are water-miscible, such as ethyl alcohol, propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, diethylene glycol ethyl ether, and the like, may be employed in order to aid in solubilizing the active components. Furthermore, various other conventional additives may be employed, such as surfactants, dispersing agents, corrosion inhibitors, and the like.
In general, the ratio of the first component to second component is in the range of from about 8:1 to 1:200. The other ratios are given in the examples.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The synergistic combinations have a wide range of applications, including all areas where the individual biocides and preservatives are currently employed. In addition, the synergistic combinations can be used beyond their original intended uses because of the newly-acquired, more effective, broader spectrum of activities.
The synergism of these two-component combinations is demonstrated by testing a wide range of concentrations and ratios of compounds, generated by two-fold serial dilutions in a liquid growth medium of a biocide in one dimension and another biocide in the second dimension, against a bacterium Escherichia coli (ATCC 11229) or a fungus Candida albicans (ATCC 11651), or a mixed culture of bacteria and fungi which are natural contaminants of a metalworking fluid, or a more tolerant pseudomonad isolated from a surfactant. Each test tube was inoculated to about 2×10 7 bacteria per ml or 2×10 6 fungi per ml. The lowest concentrations of each compound or mixtures to inhibit visible growth (turbidity) at 37° for E. coli and at 30° C. for the pseudomonad, C. albicans, or the mixed culture for over 2 days is the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The lowest concentration of each compound or the mixtures to kill 99.99% of fungi or 99.999% of bacteria after certain periods of exposure from 1 day to 7 days is taken as minimum biocidal concentration (MBC). Both MIC and MBC are taken as end points of activity. End points for the mixtures of compound A and compound B were then compared with the end points for compound A alone and compound B alone. Synergism was determined by an industrially accepted method described by Kull, F. C.; Eisman, P. C.; Sylwestrowicz, H. D. and Mayer, R. L., in applied Microbiology 9:538-541 (1961) using the ratio determined by ##EQU1## wherein QA=concentration of compound A in parts per million (ppm), acting alone, which produced an end point.
Qa=concentration of compound A in ppm, in the mixture, which produced an end point.
QB=concentration of compound B in ppm, acting lone, which produced an end point.
Qb=concentration of compound B in ppm, in the mixture, which produced an end point.
when the sum of Qa/QA and Qb/QB is greater than one, antagonism is indicated. When the sum is equal to one addivity is indicated, and when less than one synergism is demonstrated.
The test results for demonstration of synergism of biocide combinations are shown in Table 1 through Table 14. Each table is organized to show:
1. the specific combination of compound A and compound B;
2. test against E. coil (Ecol), or C. albicans (Calb), or a pseudomonad species (P. sp), or a mixed culture of bacteria and fungi (mixed);
3. test medium by either trpticase soy broth (TSB) or a minimal salt medium+0.2% glucose (M9G);
4. the method of evaluation (test) by either MIC or MBC. The MBCld means MBC determined after 1-day exposure to biocides. MBC2d means MBC determined after 2-days exposure to biocides, etc.;
5. the end-point activity in ppm measured by MIC or MBC for compound A alone (QA), for compound B alone (QB), for compound A in the mixture (Qa), or for compound B in the mixture (Qb);
6. the calculation for synergy index (Sl) based on the formula Sl=Qa/QA+Qb/QB, and for the ratio of compound A to compound B in the synergistic combinations (Qa:Qb);
7. the range of ratios for synergism and the preferred ratios.
TABLE 1__________________________________________________________________________Combination of 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (Compound A) and hexahydro-1,3,5-triethyl-s-triazine (Compound B)end point activity in ppm calculationsMicrobeMedia Test QA QB Qa Qb Qa/QA Qb/QB Sl__________________________________________________________________________Ecol TSB MIC 2.5 250.0 1.3 62.0 0.50 0.25 0.75 MBC2d 5.0 1000.0 0.6 250.0 0.12 0.25 0.37 5.0 1000.0 2.5 8.0 0.50 0.01 0.51 MBC6d 5.0 500.0 0.6 250.0 0.12 0.50 0.62 5.0 500.0 1.3 125.0 0.25 0.25 0.50 5.0 500.0 2.5 4.0 0.50 0.01 0.51Calb TSB MIC 1.3 1000.0 0.3 500.0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.3 1000.0 0.6 250.0 0.50 0.25 0.75 MBC2d 1.3 1000.0 0.3 500.0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.3 1000.0 0.6 250.0 0.50 0.25 0.75 MBC6d 1.3 1000.0 0.3 500.0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.3 1000.0 0.6 250.0 0.50 0.25 0.75P.sp TSB MIC 8.0 250.0 1.0 125.0 0.13 0.50 0.63 8.0 250.0 2.0 62.0 0.25 0.25 0.50 8.0 250.0 4.0 31.0 0.50 0.12 0.62 MBC2d 31.0 500.0 4.0 125.0 0.13 0.25 0.38 31.0 500.0 8.0 62.0 0.26 0.12 0.38 31.0 500.0 16.0 4.0 0.52 0.01 0.52 MBC6d 31.0 500.0 4.0 125.0 0.13 0.25 0.38 31.0 500.0 8.0 62.0 0.26 0.12 0.38 31.0 500.0 16.0 4.0 0.52 0.01 0.52Ecol M9G MIC 0.6 31.0 0.3 2.0 0.50 0.06 0.56 MBCld 0.6 31.0 0.3 2.0 0.50 0.06 0.56MixedTSB MIC 3.1 250.0 0.6 62.0 0.20 0.25 0.45 MBCld 25.0 1000.0 2.5 250.0 0.10 0.25 0.35 MBC4d 3.1 250.0 0.6 62.0 0.20 0.25 0.45__________________________________________________________________________ The synergistic ratios of compound A:compound B range from 4:1 to 1:1600. The preferred ratios are 4:1 to 1:100.
TABLE 2__________________________________________________________________________Combination of Compounds A and 5-Bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane (Compound B)end point activity in ppm calculationsMicrobeMedia Test QA QB Qa Qb Qa/QA Qb/QB Sl__________________________________________________________________________Ecol TSB MIC 2.5 25.0 0.6 12.5 0.25 0.50 0.75 2.5 25.0 1.3 3.1 0.50 0.12 0.62 MBC2d 5.0 25.0 1.3 12.5 0.25 0.50 0.75 MBC6d 5.0 25.0 1.3 6.2 0.25 0.25 0.50 5.0 25.0 2.5 0.8 0.50 0.03 0.53Calb TSB MIC 1.3 25.0 0.3 12.5 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.3 25.0 0.6 6.2 0.50 0.25 0.74 MBC2d 1.3 50.0 0.1 25.0 0.06 0.50 0.56 1.3 50.0 0.6 6.2 0.50 0.12 0.62 MBC6d 2.5 50.0 0.2 25.0 0.06 0.50 0.56 2.5 50.0 0.6 6.2 0.25 0.12 0.37 2.5 50.0 1.3 6.2 0.50 0.00 0.50P.sp TSB MIC 16.0 50.0 1.0 25.0 0.06 0.50 0.56 16.0 50.0 8.0 12.5 0.50 0.25 0.75 MBC2d 31.0 100.0 1.0 50.0 0.03 0.50 0.53 31.0 100.0 16.0 12.5 0.52 0.13 0.64 MBC6d 31.0 100.0 1.0 50.0 0.03 0.50 0.53 31.0 100.0 16.0 25.0 0.52 0.25 0.77Ecol M9G MIC 0.6 6.2 0.3 1.6 0.50 0.26 0.76 0.6 6.2 0.2 3.1 0.26 0.50 0.76 MBCld 0.6 6.2 0.3 1.6 0.50 0.26 0.76 0.6 6.2 0.2 3.1 0.26 0.50 0.76MixedTSB MIC 3.1 12.5 0.3 1.6 0.10 0.13 0.23 MBC4d 3.1 25.0 1.3 6.2 0.40 0.25 0.65__________________________________________________________________________ The synergistic ratios of compound A:compound B range from 6.5:1 to 1:125 The preferred ratios are 6.5:1 to 1:125
TABLE 3__________________________________________________________________________Combination of Compound A and 2-(Hydroxymethyl)aminoethanol(Compound B)end point activity in ppm calculationsMicrobeMedia Test QA QB Qa Qb Qa/QA Qb/QB Sl__________________________________________________________________________Ecol TSB MIC 5.0 1000.0 0.6 500.0 0.12 0.50 0.62 5.0 1000.0 1.3 250.0 0.25 0.25 0.50 5.0 1000.0 2.5 16.0 0.50 0.02 0.52 MBC2d 5.0 1000.0 1.3 250.0 0.25 0.25 0.50 5.0 1000.0 2.5 62.0 0.50 0.06 0.56 MBC6d 5.0 1000.0 1.3 500.0 0.25 0.50 0.75 5.0 1000.0 2.5 125.0 0.50 0.13 0.63Calb TSB MIC 2.5 1000.0 1.3 16.0 0.50 0.02 0.52 MBC2d 2.5 1000.0 0.6 125.0 0.25 0.13 0.37 MBC6d 2.5 1000.0 1.3 16.0 0.50 0.02 0.52P.sp TSB MIC 16.0 1000.0 1.0 500.0 0.06 0.50 0.56 MBC2d 31.0 1000.0 8.0 500.0 0.26 0.50 0.76 MBC6d 31.0 1000.0 16.0 500.0 0.50 0.50 1.00Ecol M9G MIC 0.6 125.0 0.1 31.0 0.13 0.25 0.38 0.6 125.0 0.1 62.0 0.08 0.50 0.58 MBCld 0.6 125.0 0.1 31.0 0.13 0.25 0.38 0.6 125.0 0.1 62.0 0.08 0.50 0.58MixedTSB MIC 3.1 1000.0 0.3 62.0 0.10 0.06 0.16 MBCld 25.0 1000.0 0.3 62.0 0.01 0.06 0.07 MBC4d 3.1 1000.0 0.3 62.0 0.10 0.06 0.16__________________________________________________________________________ The synergistic ratios of compound A:compound B range from 1:62 to 1:1600 The preferred ratios are 1:25 to 1:200.
TABLE 4__________________________________________________________________________Combination of Compound A and 2-(hydroxymethyl)amino-2-methylpropanol(Compound B)end point activity in ppm calculationsMicrobeMedia Test QA QB Qa Qb Qa/QA Qb/QB Sl__________________________________________________________________________Calb TSB MIC 2.5 1000.0 1.3 500.0 0.50 0.50 1.00Ecol M9G MIC 0.6 31.0 0.1 16.0 0.13 0.52 0.65 MBCld 0.6 250.0 0.3 31.0 0.50 0.12 0.62 0.6 250.0 0.1 62.0 0.13 0.25 0.38MixedTSB MIC 3.1 1000.0 0.3 62.0 0.10 0.06 0.16 MBCld 25.0 1000.0 2.5 500.0 0.10 0.50 0.60 MBC4d 3.1 1000.0 0.6 125.0 0.20 0.13 0.33__________________________________________________________________________ The synergistic ratios of compound A:compound B range from 1:100 to 1:800 The preferred ratios are 1:100 to 1:200.
TABLE 5__________________________________________________________________________Combination of Compound A and α-Benzoyl-α-chloroformaldoxime(Compound B)end point activity in ppm calculationsMicrobeMedia Test QA QB Qa Qb Qa/QA Qb/QB Sl__________________________________________________________________________Ecol M9G MIC 0.2 250.0 0.02 31.0 0.13 0.12 0.25 0.2 250.0 0.08 0.5 0.50 0.00 0.50 MBC4d 0.2 500.0 0.02 62.0 0.13 0.12 0.25 0.2 500.0 0.04 31.0 0.25 0.06 0.31 0.2 500.0 0.08 16.0 0.50 0.03 0.53 MBC7d 0.2 250.0 0.02 31.0 0.13 0.12 0.25 0.2 250.0 0.08 0.5 0.50 0.00 0.50Calb TSB MIC 1.3 2000.0 0.62 1000.0 0.50 0.50 1.00 MBC2d 1.3 2000.0 0.62 500.0 0.50 0.25 0.75P.sp TSB MIC 4.0 1000.0 1.00 500.0 0.25 0.50 0.75 4.0 1000.0 2.00 125.0 0.50 0.13 0.63 MBC2d 16.0 2000.0 1.00 500.0 0.06 0.25 0.31 16.0 2000.0 4.00 125.0 0.25 0.06 0.31 16.0 2000.0 8.0 16.0 0.50 0.01 0.51 MBC6d 16.0 2000.0 1.00 500.0 0.05 0.25 0.31 16.0 2000.0 4.00 125.0 0.25 0.06 0.31 16.0 2000.0 8.00 31.0 0.50 0.02 0.52Ecol TSB MIC 1.3 2000.0 0.62 500.0 0.50 0.25 0.75 MBCld 1.3 2000.0 0.62 500.0 0.50 0.25 0.75__________________________________________________________________________ The synergistic ratios of compound A:compound B range from 1:2 to 1:3200. The preferred ratios are 1:4 to 1:31.
TABLE 6__________________________________________________________________________Combination of Compound A and Benzyl bromoacetate (Compound B)end point activity in ppm calculationsMicrobeMedia Test QA QB Qa Qb Qa/QA Qb/QB Sl__________________________________________________________________________Ecol TSB MIC 0.6 62.0 0.3 16.0 0.50 0.26 0.76 MBCld 0.6 62.0 0.3 16.0 0.50 0.26 0.76Calb TSB MIC 1.3 16.0 0.6 4.0 0.50 0.25 0.75 MBCld 1.3 16.0 0.3 8.0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.3 16.0 0.6 4.0 0.50 0.25 0.75 MBC4d 1.3 16.0 0.3 8.0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.3 16.0 0.6 4.0 0.50 0.25 0.75Ecol M9G MIC 0.3 62.0 0.2 8.0 0.52 0.13 0.65 0.3 62.0 0.1 16.0 0.16 0.26 0.42 MBCld 0.3 62.0 0.2 8.0 0.52 0.13 0.65 0.3 62.0 0.1 16.0 0.16 0.26 0.42MixedTSB MIC 3.1 100.0 0.6 8.0 0.20 0.08 0.28 MBC4d 3.1 100.0 1.3 16.0 0.40 0.16 0.56__________________________________________________________________________ The synergistic ratios of compound A:compound B range from 1:6.2 to 1:400 The preferred ratios are 1:6.2 to 1:50.
TABLE 7__________________________________________________________________________Combination of Compound A and -p-Chloro- .sub.-- m-xylenol (Compound B)end point activity in ppm calculationsMicrobeMedia Test QA QB Qa Qb Qa/QA Qb/QB Sl__________________________________________________________________________Ecol M9G MIC 0.3 250.0 0.16 0.3 0.52 0.00 0.52 0.3 250.0 0.02 125.0 0.06 0.50 0.56 MBCld 2.5 250.0 0.02 125.0 0.01 0.50 0.51 2.5 250.0 0.31 62.0 0.12 0.25 0.37 2.5 250.0 0.62 31.0 0.25 0.12 0.37 MBC4d 0.3 250.0 0.08 125.0 0.28 0.50 0.78 0.3 250.0 0.16 0.3 0.52 0.00 0.52 MBC7d 0.3 250.0 0.02 125.0 0.06 0.50 0.56 0.3 250.0 0.16 0.3 0.52 0.00 0.52Calb TSB MIC 2.5 250.0 1.25 31.0 0.50 0.12 0.62Ecol TSB MIC 0.6 125.0 0.16 62.0 0.26 0.50 0.75 MBCld 0.6 125.0 0.16 62.0 0.26 0.50 0.75MixedTSB MIC 3.1 125.0 0.31 62.0 0.10 0.50 0.60 MBCld 25.0 250.0 0.62 125.0 0.02 0.50 0.52 MBC4d 3.1 125.0 0.31 62.0 0.10 0.50 0.60__________________________________________________________________________ The synergistic ratios of compound A:compound B range from 1:1.6 to 1:6250. The preferred ratios are 1:1.6 to 1:200.
TABLE 8__________________________________________________________________________Combination of Compound A and Bis-(2-hydroxy-5-chlorophenyl)sulfide(Compound A)end point activity in ppm calculationsMicrobeMedia Test QA QB Qa Qb Qa/QA Qb/QB Sl__________________________________________________________________________Ecol M9G MIC 0.6 31.0 0.2 8.0 0.26 0.26 0.52 0.6 31.0 0.1 16.0 0.13 0.52 0.65 MBClD 0.6 31.0 0.2 8.0 0.26 0.26 0.52 0.6 31.0 0.1 16.0 0.13 0.52 0.65__________________________________________________________________________ The synergistic ratios of compound A:compound B range from 1:50 to 1:200. The preferred ratios are 1:50 to 1:200.
TABLE 9__________________________________________________________________________Combination of Compound A and -p-Tolyldiiodomethylsulfone (Compound B)end point activity in ppm calculationsMicrobeMedia Test QA QB Qa Qb Qa/QA Qb/QB Sl__________________________________________________________________________Ecol TSB MIC 5.0 62.0 0.6 31.0 0.12 0.50 0.62 5.0 62.0 1.3 8.0 0.25 0.13 0.38 5.0 62.0 2.5 0.1 0.50 0.00 0.50 MBc2d 5.0 62.0 0.6 31.0 0.12 0.50 0.62 5.0 62.0 1.3 8.0 0.25 0.13 0.38 MBC6d 5.0 62.0 0.6 31.0 0.12 0.50 0.62 5.0 62.0 1.3 8.0 0.25 0.13 0.38 5.0 62.0 2.5 4.0 0.50 0.06 0.56Calb TSB MIC 1.3 2.0 0.1 1.0 0.06 0.50 0.56 1.3 2.0 0.6 0.5 0.50 0.25 0.75 MBC2d 1.3 2.0 0.2 1.0 0.13 0.50 0.63 1.3 2.0 0.6 0.5 0.50 0.25 0.75 MBC6d 2.5 4.0 0.2 2.0 0.06 0.50 0.56 2.5 4.0 0.6 1.0 0.25 0.25 0.50 2.5 4.0 1.3 0.1 0.50 0.03 0.53P.sp TSB MIC 8.0 16.0 2.0 8.0 0.25 0.50 0.75 8.0 16.0 4.0 4.0 0.50 0.25 0.75 MBC2d 31.0 16.0 8.0 8.0 0.26 0.50 0.76 31.0 16.0 16.0 2.0 0.52 0.13 0.64 MBC6d 31.0 16.0 8.0 8.0 0.26 0.50 0.76 31.0 16.0 16.0 2.0 0.52 0.13 0.64Ecol M9G MBC2d 2.5 25.0 1.3 3.1 0.50 0.12 0.62 2.5 25.0 0.6 6.2 0.25 0.25 0.50 2.5 25.0 0.2 12.5 0.06 0.50 0.56MixedTSB MIC 3.1 50.0 0.3 6.2 0.10 0.12 0.22 MBC4d 3.1 100.0 0.6 12.5 0.20 0.13 0.33__________________________________________________________________________ The synergistic ratios of compound A:compound B range from 20:1 to 1:50. The preferred ratios are 8:1 to 1:20.
TABLE 10__________________________________________________________________________Combination of Compound A and 3-lodo-2-propynylbutylcarbamate(Compound B)end point activity in ppm calculationsMicrobeMedia Test QA QB Qa Qb Qa/QA Qb/QB Sl__________________________________________________________________________Ecol TSB MIC 5.0 250.0 0.6 125.0 0.12 0.50 0.62 5.0 250.0 1.3 31.0 0.25 0.12 0.37 5.0 250.0 2.5 0.5 0.50 0.00 0.50 MBC2d 5.0 250.0 0.6 125.0 0.12 0.50 0.62 5.0 250.0 1.3 31.0 0.25 0.12 0.37 5.0 250.0 2.5 16.0 0.50 0.06 0.56 MBC6d 5.0 250.0 0.6 125.0 0.12 0.50 0.62 5.0 250.0 1.3 31.0 0.25 0.12 0.37 5.0 250.0 2.5 2.0 0.50 0.01 0.51Calb TSB MIC 1.3 8.0 0.3 2.0 0.25 0.25 0.50 1.3 8.0 0.6 1.0 0.50 0.13 0.62 MBC2d 1.3 8.0 0.3 4.0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.3 8.0 0.6 2.0 0.50 0.25 0.75 MBC6d 2.5 8.0 0.3 4.0 0.12 0.50 0.62 2.5 8.0 0.6 2.0 0.25 0.25 0.50 2.5 8.0 1.3 0.3 0.50 0.03 0.53P.sp TSB MIC 8.0 125.0 2.0 62.0 0.25 0.50 0.75 8.0 125.0 4.0 31.0 0.50 0.25 0.75 MBC2d 31.0 250.0 2.0 62.0 0.06 0.25 0.31 31.0 250.0 4.0 31.0 0.13 0.12 0.25 31.0 250.0 16.0 16.0 0.52 0.05 0.58 MBC6d 31.0 250.0 1.0 125.0 0.03 0.50 0.53 31.0 250.0 4.0 62.0 0.13 0.25 0.38Ecol M9G MBC2d 1.3 25.0 0.6 3.1 0.50 0.12 0.62 1.3 25.0 0.2 12.5 0.13 0.50 0.63MixedTSB MIC 3.1 200.0 0.6 12.5 0.20 0.06 0.26 MBCld 25.0 400.0 2.5 50.0 0.10 0.13 0.23 MBC4d 3.1 200.0 0.6 12.5 0.20 0.06 0.26__________________________________________________________________________ The synergistic ratios of compound A:compound B range from 5:1 to 1:200. The preferred ratios are 1:1 to 1:25.
TABLE 11__________________________________________________________________________Combination of Compound A and Bis-(2-hydroxy-5-chlorophenyl)-methylene(Compound B)end point activity in ppm calculationsMicrobeMedia Test QA QB Qa Qb Qa/QA Qb/QB Sl__________________________________________________________________________Ecol TSB MIC 2.5 62.0 0.6 31.0 0.25 0.50 0.75 2.5 62.0 1.3 16.0 0.50 0.26 0.76 MBC2d 5.0 62.0 0.6 31.0 0.12 0.50 0.62 5.0 62.0 1.3 16.0 0.25 0.26 0.51 5.0 62.0 2.5 4.0 0.50 0.06 0.56 MBC6d 5.0 62.0 0.6 31.0 0.12 0.50 0.62 5.0 62.0 1.3 16.0 0.25 0.26 0.51 5.0 62.0 2.5 2.0 0.50 0.03 0.53Calb TSB MIC 2.5 8.0 1.3 4.0 0.50 0.50 1.00 MBC6d 2.5 16.0 1.3 4.0 0.50 0.25 0.75P.sp TSB MIC 16.0 62.0 2.0 31.0 0.13 0.50 0.63 16.0 62.0 4.0 16.0 0.25 0.26 0.51 16.0 62.0 8.0 2.0 0.50 0.03 0.53 MBC2d 31.0 250.0 2.0 125.0 0.06 0.50 0.56 31.0 250.0 4.0 16.0 0.13 0.06 0.19 31.0 250.0 8.0 31.0 0.26 0.12 0.38 31.0 250.0 16.0 8.0 0.52 0.03 0.55 MBC 31.0 250.0 1.0 125.0 0.03 0.50 0.53 31.0 250.0 4.0 62.0 0.13 0.25 0.38 31.0 250.0 8.0 31.0 0.26 0.12 0.38 31.0 250.0 16.0 8.0 0.52 0.03 0.55Ecol M9G MIC 0.3 62.0 0.1 31.0 0.16 0.50 0.66 MBCld 0.3 62.0 0.1 31.0 0.16 0.50 0.66MixedTSB MIC 3.1 125.0 0.3 16.0 0.10 0.13 0.23 MBCld 25.0 125.0 0.6 31.0 0.02 0.25 0.27 MBC4d 3.1 125.0 0.3 16.0 0.10 0.13 0.23__________________________________________________________________________ The synergistic ratios of compound A:compound B range from 4:1 to 1:800. The preferred ratios are 2:1 to 1:50.
TABLE 12__________________________________________________________________________Combination of Compound A and Dipropylamine ether (Compund B)end point activity in ppm calculationsMicrobeMedia Test QA QB Qa Qb Qa/QA Qb/QB Sl__________________________________________________________________________Ecol M9G MIC 0.3 16.0 0.1 4.0 0.16 0.25 0.41 0.3 16.0 0.1 0.5 0.26 0.03 0.29 MBCld 2.5 62.0 0.1 2.0 0.03 0.03 0.06 MBC4d 0.3 31.0 0.1 8.0 0.16 0.26 0.42 MBC7d 0.3 31.0 0.1 4.0 0.16 0.13 0.29Calb TSB MIC 2.5 62.0 0.6 31.0 0.25 0.50 0.75 2.5 62.0 1.3 8.0 0.50 0.13 0.63Ecol TSB MIC 1.3 62.0 0.1 16.0 0.06 0.26 0.32 MBCld 1.3 62.0 0.3 31.0 0.25 0.50 0.75MixedTSB MIC 3.1 200.0 0.6 31.0 0.20 0.16 0.36 MBC4d 3.1 200.0 1.3 62.0 0.40 0.31 0.71__________________________________________________________________________ The synergistic ratios of compound A:compound B range from 1:6.2 to 1:200 The preferred ratios are 1:6.2 to 1:50.
TABLE 13__________________________________________________________________________Combination of Compound A and Dodecylamine (Compound B)end point activity in ppm calculationsMicrobeMedia Test QA QB Qa Qb Qa/QA Qb/QB Sl__________________________________________________________________________Calb TSB MIC 2.5 25.0 1.3 0.4 0.50 0.02 0.52 2.5 25.0 0.6 6.2 0.25 0.25 0.50 2.5 25.0 0.3 12.5 0.12 0.50 0.62 MBC2d 2.5 50.0 1.3 1.6 0.50 0.03 0.53 2.5 50.0 0.6 12.5 0.25 0.25 0.50 2.5 50.0 0.3 25.0 0.12 0.50 0.62Ecol M9G MIC 0.6 25.0 0.3 1.6 0.50 0.06 0.56 0.6 25.0 0.1 12.5 0.13 0.50 0.63 MBC2d 1.3 25.0 0.6 1.6 0.50 0.06 0.56 1.3 25.0 0.3 3.1 0.25 0.12 0.37__________________________________________________________________________ The synergistic ratios of compound A:compound B range from 2.5:1 to 1:160 The preferred ratios are 1:2.5 to 1:20.
TABLE 14__________________________________________________________________________Combination of Compound A and 1-(3-chloroallyl)-3,5,7,-triaza-1-azoniaadamantane chloride (Compound B)end point activity in ppm calculationsMicrobeMedia Test QA QB Qa Qb Qa/QA Qb/QB Sl__________________________________________________________________________Ecol M9G MIC 0.3 31.0 0.04 8.0 0.13 0.26 0.39 0.3 31.0 0.16 1.0 0.52 0.03 0.55 MBC4d 0.3 31.0 0.04 16.0 0.13 0.52 0.65 0.3 31.0 0.08 2.0 0.26 0.06 0.32 0.3 31.0 0.16 1.0 0.52 0.03 0.55 MBC7d 0.3 31.0 0.04 16.0 0.13 0.52 0.65 0.3 31.0 0.08 2.0 0.26 0.06 0.32 0.3 31.0 0.16 1.0 0.52 0.03 0.55Calb TSB MIC 2.5 500.0 1.25 16.0 0.50 0.03 0.53MixedTSB MIC 3.1 1000.0 0.62 125.0 0.20 0.13 0.33 MBC4d 3.1 1000.0 0.62 125.0 0.20 0.13 0.33__________________________________________________________________________ The synergistic ratios of compound A:compound B range from 1:6.2 to 1:400 The preferred ratios are 1:6.2 to 1:200.
TABLE 15__________________________________________________________________________Combination of Compound A and 2,4-dichlorobenzyl alcohol (Compound B)end point activity in ppm calculationsMicrobeMedia Test QA QB Qa Qb Qa/QA Qb/QB Sl__________________________________________________________________________Ecol TSB MIC 0.31 500.0 0.31 500.0 NA NA NA 0.31 250.0 NA NA NA 0.31 125.0 NA NA NA 0.31 62.0 NA NA NA 0.31 31.0 NA NA NA 0.31 0.0 NA NA NA 5.0 500.0 NA NA NA 2.5 500.0 NA NA NA 1.25 500.0 NA NA NA 0.62 500.0 NA NA NA 0.16 500.0 NA NA NA 0.08 500.0 NA NA NA 0.00 500.0 NA NA NAEcol M9G MIC 0.31 500.0 0.31 500.0 NA NA NA 0.31 250.0 NA NA NA 0.31 125.0 NA NA NA 0.31 62.0 NA NA NA 0.31 31.0 NA NA NA 0.31 0.0 NA NA NA 5.0 500.0 NA NA NA 2.5 500.0 NA NA NA 1.25 500.0 NA NA NA 0.62 500.0 NA NA NA 0.16 500.0 NA NA NA 0.08 500.0 NA NA NA 0.00 500.0 NA NA NA__________________________________________________________________________ NA = not applicable because they are not endpoint activities.
TABLE 16__________________________________________________________________________Combination of Compound A and 3,5-dimethyltetrahydro-1,3,5-(2H)-thiadiazine-2-thione (Compound B)end point activity in ppm calculationsMicrobeMedia Test QA QB Qa Qb Qa/QA Qb/QB Sl__________________________________________________________________________Ecol TSB MIC 0.62 125.0 5.0 31.0 8.00 0.25 8.25 0.62 125.0 2.5 62.0 4.00 0.50 4.50 MBCld 0.62 125.0 5.0 31.0 8.00 0.25 8.25 0.62 125.0 2.5 62.0 4.00 0.50 4.50Ecol M9G MIC 0.16 62.0 0.31 4.0 2.00 0.06 2.06 0.16 62.0 0.62 8.0 4.00 0.12 4.12 0.16 62.0 1.25 16.0 8.00 0.25 8.25 MBCld 0.16 62.0 0.31 4.0 2.00 0.06 2.06 0.16 62.0 0.62 8.0 4.00 0.12 4.12 0.16 62.0 1.25 16.0 8.00 0.25 8.25__________________________________________________________________________
As can readily be seen by inspection of Table 1 through Table 14, the combinations demonstrate synergistic antimicrobial activities as measured by minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and synergistic biocidal activity as measured by minimum biocidal concentrations (MBC), and show surprisingly greater activity than the algebraic sum of the individual ingredients which make up the respective composition.
The synergistic activities in most cases are applicable to bacteria, fungi, and a mixture of bacteria and fungi. Thus, the combinations not only lower the use-level of biocide but also broaden the spectrum of activity. This is especially useful in situations where Compound A does not achieve the best results due to weak activity against certain organisms. A number of examples, as shown in Tables 1, 2, 3, 5, 9, 10 and 11 demonstrate the advantages of using a synergistic combination for the control of a less sensitive pseudomonad.
Two examples of non-synergistic combinations of Compound A with 2,4-dichlorobenzylalcohol and Compound A with 3,5-dimethyltetrahydro-1,3,5-(2H)-thiadiazine-2-thione are demonstrated in Table 15 and Table 16, respectively. Table 15 is an example of no effect by the combination of two compounds. The activity of Compound A (MIC=0.31 ppm) was not affected by the absence or presence up to 500 ppm of 2,4-dichlorobenzylalcohol. The activity of 2,4-dichlorobenzylalcohol (MIC=500 ppm) was not affected by Compound A from 0 to 5 ppm. Thus, no increase or decrease of activity can be attributed by the combination. Table 16 is an example of antagonistic effect by the combination of Compound A and 3,5-dimethyltetrahydro-1,3,5-(2H)-thiadiazine-2-thione because there was a loss of activity of Compound A due to the presence of 3,5-dimethyltetrahydro-1,3,5-(2H)-thiadiazine-2-thione in the combination.
It is apparent that many modifications and improvements may be made without departure from the scope of the invention which is not to be limited as recited in the appended claims.
1.PublishNumber: US-5278178-A
2.Date Publish: 19940111
3.Inventor: HSU; JEMIN C.
4.Inventor Harmonized: HSU JEMIN C(US)
5.Country: US
6.Claims:
(en)This invention relates to synergistic antimicrobial and biocidal compositions comprising 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and one or more commercial biocides for more effective, and broader control of microorganisms in various industrial systems.
7.Description:
(en)CROSS REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION
This is a divisional of Ser. No. 07/968,794 filed Oct. 30, 1992, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,246,913 which is in turn a divisional of Ser. No. 07/567,201 filed Aug. 14, 1990, now U.S. Pat. No. 5,132,306 which is in turn a divisional of Ser. No. 07/444,571 of Dec. 1, 1989now U.S. Pat. No. 4,990,525 which was in turn a divisional of Ser. No. 07/289,066 of Dec. 22, 1988, now U.S. Pat. No. 4,906,651.
BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
1. Field of the Invention
This invention relates to synergistic biocidal combinations including an isothiazolone and one or more of many commercial biocides for more effective and broader control of micro-organisms in various industrial systems. In particular, the present invention relates to the use of a mixture of 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and (also known as 5-chloro-2-methyl-3-isothiazolone respectively) with one or more of the following 14 compounds: Hexahydro-1,3,5-triethyl-5-triazine; 5-bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane; 2-(hydroxymethyl)aminoethanol; 2-(hydroxymethyl)amino-2-methylpropanol; α-benzoyl-α-chloroformaldoxime; benzylbromoacetate; p-chloro-m-xylenol; bis-(2-hydroxy-5-chlorophenyl)sulfide; p-tolyldiiodomethylsulfone; 3-iodo-2-propynylbutylcarbamate; bis-(2-hydroxy-5-chlorophenyl)methylene; dipropylamine ether; dodecylamine; and 1-(3-chloroallyl)-3,5,7-triaza-1-azoniaadamantane chloride.
2. Prior Art
The isothiazolones are described in U.S. Pat. Nos. 3,761,488; 4,105,431; 4,252,694; 4,265,899 and 4,279,762. An excellent antimicrobial agent is a mixture of 75% 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and 25% 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one which is very effective against bacteria, fungi, and algae. The suggested dosages, sometimes, cannot achieve the best results for the control of microorganisms due to interfering nucleophiles, or due to less sensitive organisms in certain systems. To control the situations like these will need higher concentration of active ingredient which becomes more costly in the treatment. Therefore, the search for more effective and broader control methods to achieve the best results has continued.
Many other broad classes of biocidal agents are known. They are commercially available for the control of microorganisms in certain sections of various industrial systems such as paints, wood, textile, paper, pulp, leather, fur, tobacco, rope, plastics, fuel, oil, cosmetics, rubber, adhesives, latex emulsions, joint cements, water treatment, laundry, and metalworking industries, and the like. In general, high dosage requirements make them disadvantageous because of high treatment cost and interference with the formulation of finished product or the operation of the system. Sometimes many biocides cannot provide satisfactory performances even at high use concentrations due to weak activity against certain bacteria or fungi. Without effective control, loss of product, inferior product, production-time loss, health hazard, and other types of problems may occur in the systems.
It has been discovered that combinations of a mixture of 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one with one or more of the 14 compounds within a specified range of ratios results in synergistic biocidal activities against a wide range of microorganisms. The synergy in which the disruptive interaction on the organisms by the two compounds together is greater than the sum of both compounds taken along does not arise from the expected activity of the components or from the expected improvement in activity. The synergistic combinations provide more effective and broader control of microorganisms in a number of industrial systems.
It is the principal object of this invention to provide the use of synergistic compositions which overcome the disadvantages of the prior art biocidal compositions.
Important applications of the synergistic antimicrobial compositions of the present invention include but are not limited to: inhibiting the growth of bacteria and fungi in aqueous and organic paints, adhesives, latex emulsions, and joint cements; preserving wood; preserving cutting fluids, controlling slime-producing bacteria and fungi in pulp and papermills and cooling towers; as a spray or dip treatment for textiles and leather to prevent mold growth; protecting paint films, especially exterior paints from attack by fungi which occurs during weathering of the paint film; protecting processing equipment from slime deposits during manufacture of cane and beet sugar; preventing microorganism buildup and deposits in air washer or scrubber systems and in industrial fresh water supply systems; controlling micro-organisms contamination and deposits in oil field drilling fluids and muds, and in secondary petroleum recovery processes; preventing bacterial and fungal growth in paper coating processes; controlling bacterial and fungal growth and deposits during the manufacture of various specialty boards, e.g., cardboard and particle board; preventing sap stain discoloration on freshly cut wood of various kinds; controlling bacterial fungal growth in clay and pigment slurries of various types; as a hard surface disinfectant to prevent growth of bacteria and fungi on walls, floors, etc.; in swimming pools to prevent algae growth; inhibiting the growth of harmful bacteria, yeasts, fungi on plants, trees, fruits, seeds, or soil; protecting animal dip compositions against the buildup of microorganisms, and in photoprocessing to prevent buildup of microorganisms, and the like.
The synergistic compositions of this invention may be added separately to an industrial system or may be formulated as a simple mixture comprising its essential ingredients, or together with a suitable carrier or solvent, or as an aqueous emulsion or dispersion.
SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
A microbicidal compositions comprising a synergistic mixture the first component being a 3:1 ratio of 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (Compound A) and the second component which is one or more of the following compounds (Compound B) wherein the range of ratios of Compound A to Compound B (A:B) is from 8:1 to 1:200 exhibit synergistic biocidal and antimicrobial activity against a wide range of microorganisms. More particularly, the invention relates to the use of a mixture of 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and 2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one in combination with one or more of the following 14 compounds: Hexahydro-1,3,5-triethyl-2-triazine; 5-bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane; 2-(hydroxymethyl)amino-ethanol; 2-(hydroxymethyl)amino-2-methylpropanol; α-benzoyl-α-chloroformaldoxime; benzylbromoacetate; p-chloro-m-xylenol; bis-(2-hydroxy-5-chlorophenyl)sulfide; p-tolyldiiodomethylsulfone; 3-iodo-2-propynylbutylcarbamate; bis-(2-hydroxy-5-chlorophenyl)methylene; dipropylamine ether; dodecylamine; and 1-(3-chloroallyl)-3,5,7-triaza-1-azoniaadamantane chloride.
The invention also relates to a method of inhibiting the growth of bacteria, fungi or algae in a locus subject to contamination by bacteria, fungi or algae, which comprises incorporating into or onto the locus in an amount which is effective to adversely affect the growth of bacteria, fungi or algae one or more of the synergistic combinations described above.
The composition of the invention can be formulated as a solution in water. While the amount of the instant composition in the formulated solution can vary over a wide range, the solutions can conveniently be formulated to contain from about 5 to about 100 ppm of the composition in solution, with the preferred range being from about 10 to 50 ppm of the composition. In formulating the solutions, other solvents which are water-miscible, such as ethyl alcohol, propyl alcohol, isopropyl alcohol, diethylene glycol, dipropylene glycol, polyethylene glycol, diethylene glycol ethyl ether, and the like, may be employed in order to aid in solubilizing the active components. Furthermore, various other conventional additives may be employed, such as surfactants, dispersing agents, corrosion inhibitors, and the like.
In general, the ratio of the first component to second component is in the range of from about 8:1 to 1:200. The other ratios are given in the examples.
GENERAL DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENT
The synergistic combinations have a wide range of applications, including all areas where the individual biocides and preservatives are currently employed. In addition, the synergistic combinations can be used beyond their original intended uses because of the newly-acquired, more effective, broader spectrum of activities.
The synergism of these two-component combinations is demonstrated by testing a wide range of concentrations and ratios of compounds, generated by two-fold serial dilutions in a liquid growth medium of a biocide in one dimension and another biocide in the second dimension, against a bacterium Escherichia coli (ATCC 11229) or a fungus Candida albicans (ATCC 11651), or a mixed culture of bacteria and fungi which are natural contaminants of a metalworking fluid, or a more tolerant pseudomonad isolated from a surfactant. Each test tube was inoculated to about 2×10 7 bacteria per ml or 2×10 6 fungi per ml. The lowest concentrations of each compound or mixtures to inhibit visible growth (turbidity) at 37° for E. coli and at 30° C. for the pseudomonad, C. albicans, or the mixed culture for over 2 days is the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). The lowest concentration of each compound or the mixtures to kill 99.99% of fungi or 99.999% of bacteria after certain periods of exposure from 1 day to 7 days is taken as minimum biocidal concentration (MBC). Both MIC and MBC are taken as end points of activity. End points for the mixtures of compound A and compound B were then compared with the end points for compound A alone and compound B alone. Synergism was determined by an industrially accepted method described by Kull, F. C.; Eisman, P. C.; Sylwestrowicz, H. D. and Mayer, R. L., in applied Microbiology 9:538-541 (1961) using the ratio determined by ##EQU1## wherein QA=concentration of compound A in parts per million (ppm), acting alone, which produced an end point.
Qa=concentration of compound A in ppm, in the mixture, which produced an end point.
QB=concentration of compound B in ppm, acting lone, which produced an end point.
Qb=concentration of compound B in ppm, in the mixture, which produced an end point.
when the sum of Qa/QA and Qb/QB is greater than one, antagonism is indicated. When the sum is equal to one addivity is indicated, and when less than one synergism is demonstrated.
The test results for demonstration of synergism of biocide combinations are shown in Table 1 through Table 14. Each table is organized to show:
1. the specific combination of compound A and compound B;
2. test against E. coil (Ecol), or C. albicans (Calb), or a pseudomonad species (P. sp), or a mixed culture of bacteria and fungi (mixed);
3. test medium by either trpticase soy broth (TSB) or a minimal salt medium+0.2% glucose (M9G);
4. the method of evaluation (test) by either MIC or MBC. The MBCld means MBC determined after 1-day exposure to biocides. MBC2d means MBC determined after 2-days exposure to biocides, etc.;
5. the end-point activity in ppm measured by MIC or MBC for compound A alone (QA), for compound B alone (QB), for compound A in the mixture (Qa), or for compound B in the mixture (Qb);
6. the calculation for synergy index (Sl) based on the formula Sl=Qa/QA+Qb/QB, and for the ratio of compound A to compound B in the synergistic combinations (Qa:Qb);
7. the range of ratios for synergism and the preferred ratios.
TABLE 1__________________________________________________________________________Combination of 5-chloro-2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one and2-methyl-4-isothiazolin-3-one (Compound A) and hexahydro-1,3,5-triethyl-s-triazine (Compound B)end point activity in ppm calculationsMicrobeMedia Test QA QB Qa Qb Qa/QA Qb/QB Sl__________________________________________________________________________Ecol TSB MIC 2.5 250.0 1.3 62.0 0.50 0.25 0.75 MBC2d 5.0 1000.0 0.6 250.0 0.12 0.25 0.37 5.0 1000.0 2.5 8.0 0.50 0.01 0.51 MBC6d 5.0 500.0 0.6 250.0 0.12 0.50 0.62 5.0 500.0 1.3 125.0 0.25 0.25 0.50 5.0 500.0 2.5 4.0 0.50 0.01 0.51Calb TSB MIC 1.3 1000.0 0.3 500.0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.3 1000.0 0.6 250.0 0.50 0.25 0.75 MBC2d 1.3 1000.0 0.3 500.0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.3 1000.0 0.6 250.0 0.50 0.25 0.75 MBC6d 1.3 1000.0 0.3 500.0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.3 1000.0 0.6 250.0 0.50 0.25 0.75P.sp TSB MIC 8.0 250.0 1.0 125.0 0.13 0.50 0.63 8.0 250.0 2.0 62.0 0.25 0.25 0.50 8.0 250.0 4.0 31.0 0.50 0.12 0.62 MBC2d 31.0 500.0 4.0 125.0 0.13 0.25 0.38 31.0 500.0 8.0 62.0 0.26 0.12 0.38 31.0 500.0 16.0 4.0 0.52 0.01 0.52 MBC6d 31.0 500.0 4.0 125.0 0.13 0.25 0.38 31.0 500.0 8.0 62.0 0.26 0.12 0.38 31.0 500.0 16.0 4.0 0.52 0.01 0.52Ecol M9G MIC 0.6 31.0 0.3 2.0 0.50 0.06 0.56 MBCld 0.6 31.0 0.3 2.0 0.50 0.06 0.56MixedTSB MIC 3.1 250.0 0.6 62.0 0.20 0.25 0.45 MBCld 25.0 1000.0 2.5 250.0 0.10 0.25 0.35 MBC4d 3.1 250.0 0.6 62.0 0.20 0.25 0.45__________________________________________________________________________ The synergistic ratios of compound A:compound B range from 4:1 to 1:1600. The preferred ratios are 4:1 to 1:100.
TABLE 2__________________________________________________________________________Combination of Compounds A and 5-Bromo-5-nitro-1,3-dioxane (Compound B)end point activity in ppm calculationsMicrobeMedia Test QA QB Qa Qb Qa/QA Qb/QB Sl__________________________________________________________________________Ecol TSB MIC 2.5 25.0 0.6 12.5 0.25 0.50 0.75 2.5 25.0 1.3 3.1 0.50 0.12 0.62 MBC2d 5.0 25.0 1.3 12.5 0.25 0.50 0.75 MBC6d 5.0 25.0 1.3 6.2 0.25 0.25 0.50 5.0 25.0 2.5 0.8 0.50 0.03 0.53Calb TSB MIC 1.3 25.0 0.3 12.5 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.3 25.0 0.6 6.2 0.50 0.25 0.74 MBC2d 1.3 50.0 0.1 25.0 0.06 0.50 0.56 1.3 50.0 0.6 6.2 0.50 0.12 0.62 MBC6d 2.5 50.0 0.2 25.0 0.06 0.50 0.56 2.5 50.0 0.6 6.2 0.25 0.12 0.37 2.5 50.0 1.3 6.2 0.50 0.00 0.50P.sp TSB MIC 16.0 50.0 1.0 25.0 0.06 0.50 0.56 16.0 50.0 8.0 12.5 0.50 0.25 0.75 MBC2d 31.0 100.0 1.0 50.0 0.03 0.50 0.53 31.0 100.0 16.0 12.5 0.52 0.13 0.64 MBC6d 31.0 100.0 1.0 50.0 0.03 0.50 0.53 31.0 100.0 16.0 25.0 0.52 0.25 0.77Ecol M9G MIC 0.6 6.2 0.3 1.6 0.50 0.26 0.76 0.6 6.2 0.2 3.1 0.26 0.50 0.76 MBCld 0.6 6.2 0.3 1.6 0.50 0.26 0.76 0.6 6.2 0.2 3.1 0.26 0.50 0.76MixedTSB MIC 3.1 12.5 0.3 1.6 0.10 0.13 0.23 MBC4d 3.1 25.0 1.3 6.2 0.40 0.25 0.65__________________________________________________________________________ The synergistic ratios of compound A:compound B range from 6.5:1 to 1:125 The preferred ratios are 6.5:1 to 1:125
TABLE 3__________________________________________________________________________Combination of Compound A and 2-(Hydroxymethyl)aminoethanol(Compound B)end point activity in ppm calculationsMicrobeMedia Test QA QB Qa Qb Qa/QA Qb/QB Sl__________________________________________________________________________Ecol TSB MIC 5.0 1000.0 0.6 500.0 0.12 0.50 0.62 5.0 1000.0 1.3 250.0 0.25 0.25 0.50 5.0 1000.0 2.5 16.0 0.50 0.02 0.52 MBC2d 5.0 1000.0 1.3 250.0 0.25 0.25 0.50 5.0 1000.0 2.5 62.0 0.50 0.06 0.56 MBC6d 5.0 1000.0 1.3 500.0 0.25 0.50 0.75 5.0 1000.0 2.5 125.0 0.50 0.13 0.63Calb TSB MIC 2.5 1000.0 1.3 16.0 0.50 0.02 0.52 MBC2d 2.5 1000.0 0.6 125.0 0.25 0.13 0.37 MBC6d 2.5 1000.0 1.3 16.0 0.50 0.02 0.52P.sp TSB MIC 16.0 1000.0 1.0 500.0 0.06 0.50 0.56 MBC2d 31.0 1000.0 8.0 500.0 0.26 0.50 0.76 MBC6d 31.0 1000.0 16.0 500.0 0.50 0.50 1.00Ecol M9G MIC 0.6 125.0 0.1 31.0 0.13 0.25 0.38 0.6 125.0 0.1 62.0 0.08 0.50 0.58 MBCld 0.6 125.0 0.1 31.0 0.13 0.25 0.38 0.6 125.0 0.1 62.0 0.08 0.50 0.58MixedTSB MIC 3.1 1000.0 0.3 62.0 0.10 0.06 0.16 MBCld 25.0 1000.0 0.3 62.0 0.01 0.06 0.07 MBC4d 3.1 1000.0 0.3 62.0 0.10 0.06 0.16__________________________________________________________________________ The synergistic ratios of compound A:compound B range from 1:62 to 1:1600 The preferred ratios are 1:25 to 1:200.
TABLE 4__________________________________________________________________________Combination of Compound A and 2-(hydroxymethyl)amino-2-methylpropanol(Compound B)end point activity in ppm calculationsMicrobeMedia Test QA QB Qa Qb Qa/QA Qb/QB Sl__________________________________________________________________________Calb TSB MIC 2.5 1000.0 1.3 500.0 0.50 0.50 1.00Ecol M9G MIC 0.6 31.0 0.1 16.0 0.13 0.52 0.65 MBCld 0.6 250.0 0.3 31.0 0.50 0.12 0.62 0.6 250.0 0.1 62.0 0.13 0.25 0.38MixedTSB MIC 3.1 1000.0 0.3 62.0 0.10 0.06 0.16 MBCld 25.0 1000.0 2.5 500.0 0.10 0.50 0.60 MBC4d 3.1 1000.0 0.6 125.0 0.20 0.13 0.33__________________________________________________________________________ The synergistic ratios of compound A:compound B range from 1:100 to 1:800 The preferred ratios are 1:100 to 1:200.
TABLE 5__________________________________________________________________________Combination of Compound A and α-Benzoyl-α-chloroformaldoxime(Compound B)end point activity in ppm calculationsMicrobeMedia Test QA QB Qa Qb Qa/QA Qb/QB Sl__________________________________________________________________________Ecol M9G MIC 0.2 250.0 0.02 31.0 0.13 0.12 0.25 0.2 250.0 0.08 0.5 0.50 0.00 0.50 MBC4d 0.2 500.0 0.02 62.0 0.13 0.12 0.25 0.2 500.0 0.04 31.0 0.25 0.06 0.31 0.2 500.0 0.08 16.0 0.50 0.03 0.53 MBC7d 0.2 250.0 0.02 31.0 0.13 0.12 0.25 0.2 250.0 0.08 0.5 0.50 0.00 0.50Calb TSB MIC 1.3 2000.0 0.62 1000.0 0.50 0.50 1.00 MBC2d 1.3 2000.0 0.62 500.0 0.50 0.25 0.75P.sp TSB MIC 4.0 1000.0 1.00 500.0 0.25 0.50 0.75 4.0 1000.0 2.00 125.0 0.50 0.13 0.63 MBC2d 16.0 2000.0 1.00 500.0 0.06 0.25 0.31 16.0 2000.0 4.00 125.0 0.25 0.06 0.31 16.0 2000.0 8.0 16.0 0.50 0.01 0.51 MBC6d 16.0 2000.0 1.00 500.0 0.05 0.25 0.31 16.0 2000.0 4.00 125.0 0.25 0.06 0.31 16.0 2000.0 8.00 31.0 0.50 0.02 0.52Ecol TSB MIC 1.3 2000.0 0.62 500.0 0.50 0.25 0.75 MBCld 1.3 2000.0 0.62 500.0 0.50 0.25 0.75__________________________________________________________________________ The synergistic ratios of compound A:compound B range from 1:2 to 1:3200. The preferred ratios are 1:4 to 1:31.
TABLE 6__________________________________________________________________________Combination of Compound A and Benzyl bromoacetate (Compound B)end point activity in ppm calculationsMicrobeMedia Test QA QB Qa Qb Qa/QA Qb/QB Sl__________________________________________________________________________Ecol TSB MIC 0.6 62.0 0.3 16.0 0.50 0.26 0.76 MBCld 0.6 62.0 0.3 16.0 0.50 0.26 0.76Calb TSB MIC 1.3 16.0 0.6 4.0 0.50 0.25 0.75 MBCld 1.3 16.0 0.3 8.0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.3 16.0 0.6 4.0 0.50 0.25 0.75 MBC4d 1.3 16.0 0.3 8.0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.3 16.0 0.6 4.0 0.50 0.25 0.75Ecol M9G MIC 0.3 62.0 0.2 8.0 0.52 0.13 0.65 0.3 62.0 0.1 16.0 0.16 0.26 0.42 MBCld 0.3 62.0 0.2 8.0 0.52 0.13 0.65 0.3 62.0 0.1 16.0 0.16 0.26 0.42MixedTSB MIC 3.1 100.0 0.6 8.0 0.20 0.08 0.28 MBC4d 3.1 100.0 1.3 16.0 0.40 0.16 0.56__________________________________________________________________________ The synergistic ratios of compound A:compound B range from 1:6.2 to 1:400 The preferred ratios are 1:6.2 to 1:50.
TABLE 7__________________________________________________________________________Combination of Compound A and -p-Chloro- .sub.-- m-xylenol (Compound B)end point activity in ppm calculationsMicrobeMedia Test QA QB Qa Qb Qa/QA Qb/QB Sl__________________________________________________________________________Ecol M9G MIC 0.3 250.0 0.16 0.3 0.52 0.00 0.52 0.3 250.0 0.02 125.0 0.06 0.50 0.56 MBCld 2.5 250.0 0.02 125.0 0.01 0.50 0.51 2.5 250.0 0.31 62.0 0.12 0.25 0.37 2.5 250.0 0.62 31.0 0.25 0.12 0.37 MBC4d 0.3 250.0 0.08 125.0 0.28 0.50 0.78 0.3 250.0 0.16 0.3 0.52 0.00 0.52 MBC7d 0.3 250.0 0.02 125.0 0.06 0.50 0.56 0.3 250.0 0.16 0.3 0.52 0.00 0.52Calb TSB MIC 2.5 250.0 1.25 31.0 0.50 0.12 0.62Ecol TSB MIC 0.6 125.0 0.16 62.0 0.26 0.50 0.75 MBCld 0.6 125.0 0.16 62.0 0.26 0.50 0.75MixedTSB MIC 3.1 125.0 0.31 62.0 0.10 0.50 0.60 MBCld 25.0 250.0 0.62 125.0 0.02 0.50 0.52 MBC4d 3.1 125.0 0.31 62.0 0.10 0.50 0.60__________________________________________________________________________ The synergistic ratios of compound A:compound B range from 1:1.6 to 1:6250. The preferred ratios are 1:1.6 to 1:200.
TABLE 8__________________________________________________________________________Combination of Compound A and Bis-(2-hydroxy-5-chlorophenyl)sulfide(Compound A)end point activity in ppm calculationsMicrobeMedia Test QA QB Qa Qb Qa/QA Qb/QB Sl__________________________________________________________________________Ecol M9G MIC 0.6 31.0 0.2 8.0 0.26 0.26 0.52 0.6 31.0 0.1 16.0 0.13 0.52 0.65 MBClD 0.6 31.0 0.2 8.0 0.26 0.26 0.52 0.6 31.0 0.1 16.0 0.13 0.52 0.65__________________________________________________________________________ The synergistic ratios of compound A:compound B range from 1:50 to 1:200. The preferred ratios are 1:50 to 1:200.
TABLE 9__________________________________________________________________________Combination of Compound A and -p-Tolyldiiodomethylsulfone (Compound B)end point activity in ppm calculationsMicrobeMedia Test QA QB Qa Qb Qa/QA Qb/QB Sl__________________________________________________________________________Ecol TSB MIC 5.0 62.0 0.6 31.0 0.12 0.50 0.62 5.0 62.0 1.3 8.0 0.25 0.13 0.38 5.0 62.0 2.5 0.1 0.50 0.00 0.50 MBc2d 5.0 62.0 0.6 31.0 0.12 0.50 0.62 5.0 62.0 1.3 8.0 0.25 0.13 0.38 MBC6d 5.0 62.0 0.6 31.0 0.12 0.50 0.62 5.0 62.0 1.3 8.0 0.25 0.13 0.38 5.0 62.0 2.5 4.0 0.50 0.06 0.56Calb TSB MIC 1.3 2.0 0.1 1.0 0.06 0.50 0.56 1.3 2.0 0.6 0.5 0.50 0.25 0.75 MBC2d 1.3 2.0 0.2 1.0 0.13 0.50 0.63 1.3 2.0 0.6 0.5 0.50 0.25 0.75 MBC6d 2.5 4.0 0.2 2.0 0.06 0.50 0.56 2.5 4.0 0.6 1.0 0.25 0.25 0.50 2.5 4.0 1.3 0.1 0.50 0.03 0.53P.sp TSB MIC 8.0 16.0 2.0 8.0 0.25 0.50 0.75 8.0 16.0 4.0 4.0 0.50 0.25 0.75 MBC2d 31.0 16.0 8.0 8.0 0.26 0.50 0.76 31.0 16.0 16.0 2.0 0.52 0.13 0.64 MBC6d 31.0 16.0 8.0 8.0 0.26 0.50 0.76 31.0 16.0 16.0 2.0 0.52 0.13 0.64Ecol M9G MBC2d 2.5 25.0 1.3 3.1 0.50 0.12 0.62 2.5 25.0 0.6 6.2 0.25 0.25 0.50 2.5 25.0 0.2 12.5 0.06 0.50 0.56MixedTSB MIC 3.1 50.0 0.3 6.2 0.10 0.12 0.22 MBC4d 3.1 100.0 0.6 12.5 0.20 0.13 0.33__________________________________________________________________________ The synergistic ratios of compound A:compound B range from 20:1 to 1:50. The preferred ratios are 8:1 to 1:20.
TABLE 10__________________________________________________________________________Combination of Compound A and 3-lodo-2-propynylbutylcarbamate(Compound B)end point activity in ppm calculationsMicrobeMedia Test QA QB Qa Qb Qa/QA Qb/QB Sl__________________________________________________________________________Ecol TSB MIC 5.0 250.0 0.6 125.0 0.12 0.50 0.62 5.0 250.0 1.3 31.0 0.25 0.12 0.37 5.0 250.0 2.5 0.5 0.50 0.00 0.50 MBC2d 5.0 250.0 0.6 125.0 0.12 0.50 0.62 5.0 250.0 1.3 31.0 0.25 0.12 0.37 5.0 250.0 2.5 16.0 0.50 0.06 0.56 MBC6d 5.0 250.0 0.6 125.0 0.12 0.50 0.62 5.0 250.0 1.3 31.0 0.25 0.12 0.37 5.0 250.0 2.5 2.0 0.50 0.01 0.51Calb TSB MIC 1.3 8.0 0.3 2.0 0.25 0.25 0.50 1.3 8.0 0.6 1.0 0.50 0.13 0.62 MBC2d 1.3 8.0 0.3 4.0 0.25 0.50 0.75 1.3 8.0 0.6 2.0 0.50 0.25 0.75 MBC6d 2.5 8.0 0.3 4.0 0.12 0.50 0.62 2.5 8.0 0.6 2.0 0.25 0.25 0.50 2.5 8.0 1.3 0.3 0.50 0.03 0.53P.sp TSB MIC 8.0 125.0 2.0 62.0 0.25 0.50 0.75 8.0 125.0 4.0 31.0 0.50 0.25 0.75 MBC2d 31.0 250.0 2.0 62.0 0.06 0.25 0.31 31.0 250.0 4.0 31.0 0.13 0.12 0.25 31.0 250.0 16.0 16.0 0.52 0.05 0.58 MBC6d 31.0 250.0 1.0 125.0 0.03 0.50 0.53 31.0 250.0 4.0 62.0 0.13 0.25 0.38Ecol M9G MBC2d 1.3 25.0 0.6 3.1 0.50 0.12 0.62 1.3 25.0 0.2 12.5 0.13 0.50 0.63MixedTSB MIC 3.1 200.0 0.6 12.5 0.20 0.06 0.26 MBCld 25.0 400.0 2.5 50.0 0.10 0.13 0.23 MBC4d 3.1 200.0 0.6 12.5 0.20 0.06 0.26__________________________________________________________________________ The synergistic ratios of compound A:compound B range from 5:1 to 1:200. The preferred ratios are 1:1 to 1:25.
TABLE 11__________________________________________________________________________Combination of Compound A and Bis-(2-hydroxy-5-chlorophenyl)-methylene(Compound B)end point activity in ppm calculationsMicrobeMedia Test QA QB Qa Qb Qa/QA Qb/QB Sl__________________________________________________________________________Ecol TSB MIC 2.5 62.0 0.6 31.0 0.25 0.50 0.75 2.5 62.0 1.3 16.0 0.50 0.26 0.76 MBC2d 5.0 62.0 0.6 31.0 0.12 0.50 0.62 5.0 62.0 1.3 16.0 0.25 0.26 0.51 5.0 62.0 2.5 4.0 0.50 0.06 0.56 MBC6d 5.0 62.0 0.6 31.0 0.12 0.50 0.62 5.0 62.0 1.3 16.0 0.25 0.26 0.51 5.0 62.0 2.5 2.0 0.50 0.03 0.53Calb TSB MIC 2.5 8.0 1.3 4.0 0.50 0.50 1.00 MBC6d 2.5 16.0 1.3 4.0 0.50 0.25 0.75P.sp TSB MIC 16.0 62.0 2.0 31.0 0.13 0.50 0.63 16.0 62.0 4.0 16.0 0.25 0.26 0.51 16.0 62.0 8.0 2.0 0.50 0.03 0.53 MBC2d 31.0 250.0 2.0 125.0 0.06 0.50 0.56 31.0 250.0 4.0 16.0 0.13 0.06 0.19 31.0 250.0 8.0 31.0 0.26 0.12 0.38 31.0 250.0 16.0 8.0 0.52 0.03 0.55 MBC 31.0 250.0 1.0 125.0 0.03 0.50 0.53 31.0 250.0 4.0 62.0 0.13 0.25 0.38 31.0 250.0 8.0 31.0 0.26 0.12 0.38 31.0 250.0 16.0 8.0 0.52 0.03 0.55Ecol M9G MIC 0.3 62.0 0.1 31.0 0.16 0.50 0.66 MBCld 0.3 62.0 0.1 31.0 0.16 0.50 0.66MixedTSB MIC 3.1 125.0 0.3 16.0 0.10 0.13 0.23 MBCld 25.0 125.0 0.6 31.0 0.02 0.25 0.27 MBC4d 3.1 125.0 0.3 16.0 0.10 0.13 0.23__________________________________________________________________________ The synergistic ratios of compound A:compound B range from 4:1 to 1:800. The preferred ratios are 2:1 to 1:50.
TABLE 12__________________________________________________________________________Combination of Compound A and Dipropylamine ether (Compund B)end point activity in ppm calculationsMicrobeMedia Test QA QB Qa Qb Qa/QA Qb/QB Sl__________________________________________________________________________Ecol M9G MIC 0.3 16.0 0.1 4.0 0.16 0.25 0.41 0.3 16.0 0.1 0.5 0.26 0.03 0.29 MBCld 2.5 62.0 0.1 2.0 0.03 0.03 0.06 MBC4d 0.3 31.0 0.1 8.0 0.16 0.26 0.42 MBC7d 0.3 31.0 0.1 4.0 0.16 0.13 0.29Calb TSB MIC 2.5 62.0 0.6 31.0 0.25 0.50 0.75 2.5 62.0 1.3 8.0 0.50 0.13 0.63Ecol TSB MIC 1.3 62.0 0.1 16.0 0.06 0.26 0.32 MBCld 1.3 62.0 0.3 31.0 0.25 0.50 0.75MixedTSB MIC 3.1 200.0 0.6 31.0 0.20 0.16 0.36 MBC4d 3.1 200.0 1.3 62.0 0.40 0.31 0.71__________________________________________________________________________ The synergistic ratios of compound A:compound B range from 1:6.2 to 1:200 The preferred ratios are 1:6.2 to 1:50.
TABLE 13__________________________________________________________________________Combination of Compound A and Dodecylamine (Compound B)end point activity in ppm calculationsMicrobeMedia Test QA QB Qa Qb Qa/QA Qb/QB Sl__________________________________________________________________________Calb TSB MIC 2.5 25.0 1.3 0.4 0.50 0.02 0.52 2.5 25.0 0.6 6.2 0.25 0.25 0.50 2.5 25.0 0.3 12.5 0.12 0.50 0.62 MBC2d 2.5 50.0 1.3 1.6 0.50 0.03 0.53 2.5 50.0 0.6 12.5 0.25 0.25 0.50 2.5 50.0 0.3 25.0 0.12 0.50 0.62Ecol M9G MIC 0.6 25.0 0.3 1.6 0.50 0.06 0.56 0.6 25.0 0.1 12.5 0.13 0.50 0.63 MBC2d 1.3 25.0 0.6 1.6 0.50 0.06 0.56 1.3 25.0 0.3 3.1 0.25 0.12 0.37__________________________________________________________________________ The synergistic ratios of compound A:compound B range from 2.5:1 to 1:160 The preferred ratios are 1:2.5 to 1:20.
TABLE 14__________________________________________________________________________Combination of Compound A and 1-(3-chloroallyl)-3,5,7,-triaza-1-azoniaadamantane chloride (Compound B)end point activity in ppm calculationsMicrobeMedia Test QA QB Qa Qb Qa/QA Qb/QB Sl__________________________________________________________________________Ecol M9G MIC 0.3 31.0 0.04 8.0 0.13 0.26 0.39 0.3 31.0 0.16 1.0 0.52 0.03 0.55 MBC4d 0.3 31.0 0.04 16.0 0.13 0.52 0.65 0.3 31.0 0.08 2.0 0.26 0.06 0.32 0.3 31.0 0.16 1.0 0.52 0.03 0.55 MBC7d 0.3 31.0 0.04 16.0 0.13 0.52 0.65 0.3 31.0 0.08 2.0 0.26 0.06 0.32 0.3 31.0 0.16 1.0 0.52 0.03 0.55Calb TSB MIC 2.5 500.0 1.25 16.0 0.50 0.03 0.53MixedTSB MIC 3.1 1000.0 0.62 125.0 0.20 0.13 0.33 MBC4d 3.1 1000.0 0.62 125.0 0.20 0.13 0.33__________________________________________________________________________ The synergistic ratios of compound A:compound B range from 1:6.2 to 1:400 The preferred ratios are 1:6.2 to 1:200.
TABLE 15__________________________________________________________________________Combination of Compound A and 2,4-dichlorobenzyl alcohol (Compound B)end point activity in ppm calculationsMicrobeMedia Test QA QB Qa Qb Qa/QA Qb/QB Sl__________________________________________________________________________Ecol TSB MIC 0.31 500.0 0.31 500.0 NA NA NA 0.31 250.0 NA NA NA 0.31 125.0 NA NA NA 0.31 62.0 NA NA NA 0.31 31.0 NA NA NA 0.31 0.0 NA NA NA 5.0 500.0 NA NA NA 2.5 500.0 NA NA NA 1.25 500.0 NA NA NA 0.62 500.0 NA NA NA 0.16 500.0 NA NA NA 0.08 500.0 NA NA NA 0.00 500.0 NA NA NAEcol M9G MIC 0.31 500.0 0.31 500.0 NA NA NA 0.31 250.0 NA NA NA 0.31 125.0 NA NA NA 0.31 62.0 NA NA NA 0.31 31.0 NA NA NA 0.31 0.0 NA NA NA 5.0 500.0 NA NA NA 2.5 500.0 NA NA NA 1.25 500.0 NA NA NA 0.62 500.0 NA NA NA 0.16 500.0 NA NA NA 0.08 500.0 NA NA NA 0.00 500.0 NA NA NA__________________________________________________________________________ NA = not applicable because they are not endpoint activities.
TABLE 16__________________________________________________________________________Combination of Compound A and 3,5-dimethyltetrahydro-1,3,5-(2H)-thiadiazine-2-thione (Compound B)end point activity in ppm calculationsMicrobeMedia Test QA QB Qa Qb Qa/QA Qb/QB Sl__________________________________________________________________________Ecol TSB MIC 0.62 125.0 5.0 31.0 8.00 0.25 8.25 0.62 125.0 2.5 62.0 4.00 0.50 4.50 MBCld 0.62 125.0 5.0 31.0 8.00 0.25 8.25 0.62 125.0 2.5 62.0 4.00 0.50 4.50Ecol M9G MIC 0.16 62.0 0.31 4.0 2.00 0.06 2.06 0.16 62.0 0.62 8.0 4.00 0.12 4.12 0.16 62.0 1.25 16.0 8.00 0.25 8.25 MBCld 0.16 62.0 0.31 4.0 2.00 0.06 2.06 0.16 62.0 0.62 8.0 4.00 0.12 4.12 0.16 62.0 1.25 16.0 8.00 0.25 8.25__________________________________________________________________________
As can readily be seen by inspection of Table 1 through Table 14, the combinations demonstrate synergistic antimicrobial activities as measured by minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) and synergistic biocidal activity as measured by minimum biocidal concentrations (MBC), and show surprisingly greater activity than the algebraic sum of the individual ingredients which make up the respective composition.
The synergistic activities in most cases are applicable to bacteria, fungi, and a mixture of bacteria and fungi. Thus, the combinations not only lower the use-level of biocide but also broaden the spectrum of activity. This is especially useful in situations where Compound A does not achieve the best results due to weak activity against certain organisms. A number of examples, as shown in Tables 1, 2, 3, 5, 9, 10 and 11 demonstrate the advantages of using a synergistic combination for the control of a less sensitive pseudomonad.
Two examples of non-synergistic combinations of Compound A with 2,4-dichlorobenzylalcohol and Compound A with 3,5-dimethyltetrahydro-1,3,5-(2H)-thiadiazine-2-thione are demonstrated in Table 15 and Table 16, respectively. Table 15 is an example of no effect by the combination of two compounds. The activity of Compound A (MIC=0.31 ppm) was not affected by the absence or presence up to 500 ppm of 2,4-dichlorobenzylalcohol. The activity of 2,4-dichlorobenzylalcohol (MIC=500 ppm) was not affected by Compound A from 0 to 5 ppm. Thus, no increase or decrease of activity can be attributed by the combination. Table 16 is an example of antagonistic effect by the combination of Compound A and 3,5-dimethyltetrahydro-1,3,5-(2H)-thiadiazine-2-thione because there was a loss of activity of Compound A due to the presence of 3,5-dimethyltetrahydro-1,3,5-(2H)-thiadiazine-2-thione in the combination.
It is apparent that many modifications and improvements may be made without departure from the scope of the invention which is not to be limited as recited in the appended claims.
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